equations for electric e and electric flux density d fields

... density Electric flux density is more descriptive, however, and we shall use the term consistently The electric flux density D is a vector field and is a member of the ` `flux density' ' class of vector ... received a descriptive name, divergence The divergence of A is defined as | v v 70 | e- Text Main Menu | Textbook Table of Contents | ELECTRIC FLUX DENSITY, GAUSS'S LAW, AND DIVERGENCE † Divergence of ... Chapter is interesting reading Thomas, G B., Jr., and R L Finney: (see Suggested References for Chap 1) The divergence theorem is developed and illustrated from several different points of vew...

Ngày tải lên: 07/08/2014, 20:23

... investigated by conducting tensile experiments along different directions, and shape-memory e ect experiments were conducted by raising the temperature of the post-deformed tensile specimens The stress-straintemperature ... detwinned Reverse deformation will cause elastic unloading of the reoriented/detwinnned martensite After complete unloading, there is a residual deformation accumulated As the temperature is increased ... increment of the reorientation process the corresponding required magnitude of externallyapplied tensile stress can be calculated and the related overall mechanical behavior can be determined by...

Ngày tải lên: 12/09/2015, 08:19

... increases In order to limit the 1> : frequency of occurrence of outage k s i kEs Power YL where L ce k E E 60Ldef,ik SAPC /D= EUE (Expected Unserved Energy) Dik (9) NLb(9 eLi distinct set of reliability ... indices The basic indices are the probability and frequency of failure at the individual load point, however more indices can be defined The individual load point indices can also be aggregated ... single and double contingencies are taken into account ELC (Expected Load Curtailed) ELC= ZLdef,ikFk kes EDLC (Expected Curtailment) Another important consideration in composite electric power...

Ngày tải lên: 03/01/2014, 19:39

... and B divided by A and B divided by A and B divided by 16 A and B divided by 32 A and B divided by 64 ESIM disabled ON ON OFF OFF ON OFF ON OFF Encoder inputs Encoder A, B and Z Encoder A and ... shielding must be continuous and intermediate terminals must be in EMC shielded metal boxes Shielded cables for connecting the encoder The shielding must be continuous and intermediate terminals ... coordinated • The Canadian Electricity Code and the National Electrical Code require branch circuit protection Use the fuses recommended on the drive nameplate to achieve published short-circuit current...

Ngày tải lên: 28/06/2014, 16:20

... PROTECTIVE GROUNDING FOR ELECTRIC POWER FACILITIES AND POWER LINES Pole ground wires used for protective grounding shall be inspected before use to determine they have not been cut, damaged, or removed ... is energized and use other methods to determine the electrical status 6.5.5 Neon-type indicator The neon indicator is attached to the end of a liveline tool and positioned in the electric field ... The clamp jaws should be wire brushed immediately before attachment, and the surface of the object to be clamped should be cleaned before the clamp is attached De-energized conductors must be...

Ngày tải lên: 30/06/2014, 14:34

... predicted by the model and the measured values, for day153 at the Bray site There is an acceptable agreement between the measured and predicted data, even if a difference is observed during the ... ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The data of vapour fluxes determined by the eddy covariance method, and leaf area index values derived from optical measurements were measured by Paul Berbigier, Yves Brunet and Eric ... and applying the empirical relationship relating sap flux density to the thermal difference between the heated and reference probes The measurements were carried out on a single tree, referred...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 04:20

... successfully produce ideas and once they have generated those ideas, tools need to be provided on how to turn the raw ideas into a complete draft Therefore, this study can improve education because it will ... organizers used such as mind maps By the time the students are ready to write, they are much more likely to really understand the ideas and are much better prepared and motivated to write through ... increase in a world where commerce is conducted electronically The use of real messages and material used in an occupational field related to the learners' needs will help to increase their motivation...

Ngày tải lên: 30/03/2015, 14:30

... the most important facets of the writing process is the prewriting stage; students need to be taught on how to successfully produce ideas and once they have generated those ideas, tools need ... divided into three parts The first part, Introduction includes the rationale for the study, aims of the study and research question, significance of the study, scope of the study, method and design ... been learnt White and Arndt (1991) suggested questions will prompt to help stimulate thinking, to draw on experiences and to develop and shape ideas As such students have the opportunity to openly...

Ngày tải lên: 04/08/2015, 09:40

... transformation Te and Se under different angle are calculated through simple 3/2 mathematics operation of three-phase counter-electromotive force and the three-phase current under the certain speed ... PWM profiles and the electric current profiles according to field-weakening control based on above instructions under different speed experiment are respectively shown as and Fig Three-dimensional ... with permanent torque control operating mode, Under the same speed and same peak value torque, experimental result is shown to obtain percent higher torque under the same electric current, more to...

Ngày tải lên: 03/01/2014, 19:47

... Reconstruction and Development / The World Bank Preface Now more than ever, development programs are expected to deliver results For everyone involved in development, the value of their ideas, advice, and ... around the world to be more responsive to demands from internal and external stakeholders for good governance, accountability and transparency, greater development effectiveness and delivery of ... the field and the concept of drawing data from a single M &E system pose a challenge for development partners, as does the pressure to deliver results There is a great demand for skilled professionals...

Ngày tải lên: 06/03/2014, 00:22

... Studies with CatE-deficient and CatD-deficient mice have provided additional evidence of the association of these enzymes with different physiological effects CatD-deficient mice develop massive intestinal ... the enzymatically similar proteinases, CatE and CatD, and can therefore be used to investigate the involvement of these enzymes in antigen processing and presentation Experimental procedures Enzymes ... CatE mRNA in different cell lines To determine the expression of CatE at the mRNA level in different cell lines, RT-PCR was performed using RNA extracted from DCs (monocyte-derived human dendritic...

Ngày tải lên: 07/03/2014, 09:20

... engineering devoted to the design and production of extremely small electronic devices and circuits built from individual atoms and molecules • Nanotechnology comprises any technological developments ... the mobile devices • Projects the various ethical issues in Nanotechnology • Predicts the future communication channels and strategies for using the Nanotechnology over Wireless Devices Series ... developments on the nanometer scale, usually 0.1-100nm Ethical Issues in Nanotechnology • Advantages – Reduced energy use – Better medical treatment – Lower costs for computing • Disadvantages – Environmental...

Ngày tải lên: 15/03/2014, 23:53

... kinetic parameters were determined in triplicate and average values are reported The reported errors are standard deviations Initial rate kinetic data was t to Eqn (1) by nonlinear regression analysis ... Waters 474 scanning uorescence detector (kex ẳ 343 nm, kem ẳ 440 nm) These derivatives eluted with retention times equal to 5.6, 2.1, 4.4, and 3.8 min, respectively Peak areas were determined ... surface areas and volumes of these molecules Results and discussion Previously, we reported that replacement of the highly conserved Leu109 residue in E coli CTPS by alanine yields an enzyme that...

Ngày tải lên: 23/03/2014, 13:20

... - Reversing Device 10 - Unit Sequence Switch 11 - Multifunction device 12 - Overspeed Device 13 - Synchronous-speed Device 14 - Underspeed Device 15 - Speed - or Frequency, Matching Device 16 ... all Slide Substation hardened IEC 61850-3 / IEEE 1613 ANSI Standard Device Numbers (IEEE Standard C37.2) Device numbers are used to identify the functions of devices shown on a schematic diagram ... prioritization, and layer addressing services for user data • Created to allow interoperability between various vendors' SCADA components for the electrical grid • Developed by GE-Harris Canada in 1993, and...

Ngày tải lên: 19/04/2014, 19:01

... linewid unless redefined, and the default element length is elen , which evaluates to dimen *3/2 unless redefined Setting linewid to 2.0 as in the example means that the default element length becomes ... diode(,Z,RE) diode(,LE) diode diode(,S) diode(,V) diode(,v) diode(,B) diode(,CR) diode(,PR) diode(,T ,E) Figure 9: Variants of diode(linespec,B |D| K|L|LE[R]|P[R]|S|T|V|Z,[R] [E] ) Most of the two-terminal ... position are accessible, e. g Top.x and Top.y can be used in expressions The center, start, and end of linear objects (and the defined points of other objects as described below) are predefined positions,...

Ngày tải lên: 23/05/2014, 10:53

... before Acknowledgements We would like to thank Professor Dimitru Motreanu, Christopher Rualizo and the referees for their valuable comments and suggestions Xu and Song Boundary Value Problems ... versus global existence We devote this section to prove Theorem 1.1 We borrow ideas from [8] However, the fact that we are dealing with a system instead of a single equation forces us to develop ... theorems, we will use the following results of Gilding and Peletier (see [13-15]): Theorem 2.4 Let a, b, V Î ℝ and U ≥ For fixed a and b, let SA denote the set of values of (U, V) such that there...

Ngày tải lên: 21/06/2014, 00:20

... proposed method are demonstrated using different models First, the models are introduced, then the FG of the models including the reference case is discussed Finally, the numerical results obtained ... inaccuracies caused by the imperfect implementation are presented The information needed to resolve the phase ambiguity is contained in the preamble and, by a proper selection of the analyzed message, ... presented, is restricted to real-valued one-dimensional messages in the FG/SPA We presented several example implementations of the method for several particular scenarios The investigated message...

Ngày tải lên: 21/06/2014, 07:20

... solve the ARE, and there is no general method unless the system matrices are special and there are some methods and algorithms to solve 1.4 ; however, the solution can be time-consuming and computationally ... illustrated that our bounds are better than those of the previous results Acknowledgments The authors would like to thank Professor Jozef Banas and the referees for the very helpful comments and suggestions ... 3.20 yields where the lower and upper bounds are better than those of 4.8 16 Journal of Inequalities and Applications Conclusions In this paper, we have proposed lower and upper bounds for the trace...

Ngày tải lên: 22/06/2014, 03:20

... Nevanlinna’s value distribution theory of meromorphic functions (e. g., see [4, 5]) In addition, we will use σ( f ) and μ( f ) to denote, respectively, the order and the lower order of meromorphic function ... die Reine und Angewandte Mathematik, vol 344, pp 1–21, 1983 u [2] S.-A Gao, “A further result on the complex oscillation theory of periodic second order linear differential equations,” Proceedings ... corollaries Proof of Corollary 1.4 By Remark 2.7, we see that the hypotheses of Theorem 1.3 are satisfied This completes the proof To prove Corollary 1.5, we need the following lemma that can be deduced...

Ngày tải lên: 22/06/2014, 18:20

... obtain a region, depending on the initial conditions and the parameters of the equations, where the solution of the difference equation under consideration holds We illustrate our method in Section ... H and is uniquely determined and bounded by (I − T)−1 ≤ 1/(1 − T ) In the case of nonlinear equations, we use the following fixed point theorem of Earle and Hamilton [3] Theorem 1.2 Let X be a ... method for difference equations nonlinear partial difference equations of two variables, we developed a similar functionalanalytic method in [11, 12], which was extended in [8] in order to study...

Ngày tải lên: 23/06/2014, 00:20