MỤC LỤC
Cho nen, dieu quan trQng nhat d6i v6i nguoi dung AutoCAD la sit dl}-ng ffiqt cach nhuan nhuy~n va khai thac hi¢u qua m¢t phien ban AutoCAD nao do phil hqp v6i minh, tren co sado co. Nhil~u bl;l.n tre sai lam khi mat rat nhieu thor gian cho vi¢c tim hieu de sitdl}-ng cac phien ban mai xuat hi¢n, trang khi kh6ng khai thac hi¢u qua mqt phlen ban nao trang s6 do. Chinh d¢ IOn eua dong l¢nh: Dung eon tro keo den vi tri giao giua man hlnh do ho'.l va Command line den khi xuat hi¢n hai duemg thAng song song, sau d6 b'.ln keo len tren hay xu6ng dum.
Cac tieu d6 dieu hiuh cua AutoCAD la: File, Edit, View, Insert, Format, Thols, Draw, Dimension, Modify, va Help (ngoai ra eon eo Bonus .. • Screen menu: Danh m~c man hloh, Dam phia phiii vung dO ho~. Screen menu khOng duqc m~cdjnh kbi V3.0AutoCAD. mt~l ho~crnadanh m~c man hlOh, dung Tools\Oplions, Display tab, chc;m Display screen menu. Cae thaI/it cuafl Da"hmJ!C mallIlI'nll. INSERT FORMAT TOOLS1 TOOLS 2 DRAWl DRAW 2 Q1MN51QN MODIFYl. ~HELP Daflll m/Jc keo xu/Jng. .Dean5C1een an.o yIeWJ)CIll$. • Scroll bar:Thanh cuon, gom co: thanh ben phiLi keo man hlnh (van ban va do ho~) len xu6ng, thanh ngang phia duOi vung do ho~ dung d~ keo mim hlnh tit tnii sang phai ho~c ngugc l~i (hlnh 2.2). Muon him xuat hi~n cae Scroll barb~nsu dl;mgl~nh Preferences (h¢ptho~iPreferences), trang Display va ch9n nut Display Scroll bars in drawing window. AutoCAD thuang c6 4 phuong phip nhftp l~nh nhu sau:. Type in Dua l¢nh vaotit ban phfm. Pull - down Gqi l~nhtitdanh mvc keo xuong. Sreen menu Gqi l~nhtitdanh ml).C man hlnh. Toolbar Gqi l~nhtit ca.c n6t l~nh cua thanh cong Cl).
Nhg.p khodng each trT.!e tiep (Direct distance entry): Nh~pkhoang cach tUo'l1g d6i so v6i diem ve cu6i dmg (last point), dinh huang bang cursor va nhlin Enter. Ngoai ra tren danh ml,1c keo xu6ng Draw, ta con co thti dung phuong phap TAN, TAN, TANve duang tron tiep xticvm ba d6i tuqng (vidQ. veduang tron n¢i tiep tam giac bat kY). Vecung trim theo Start, End, Radius(Di~mdau,di~mcu6i, ban kinh). Ve cung tron bang phuong phap nh~p di~m dau, di~m cu6i va ban kfnh. Specify start point of arc or [CEnter]: cNh~p di~m diu S).
Circumscribed about circle]: C .J Specify radius of circle:(Nhap gia tri ban kinh duOrtg trem ne)i tiep, to~ do diem ho~c truy bat diem 13.diem giuamqt Cl;I.nh da giac). T~idong nhae nay, giaodi~mhai sqi toe xae dtnh ban kfnh duemg tron m)i tiep (ho~e ngo~i tiep) va vi trf eua da giae deu. - Khi da giae n¢i tiep duang tron thi giao di~m nay la dinh eua da giae. - Khi da giae ngo~i tiep duang tron thi di~mnay la di~m giUa m¢t e~nh. Ve da giac nf)i tiep drrong tron (Inscribed in circle). Specify start angle or [Parameter}: (Nh~pgia tri goc gifra tr~c ta vua dinh voi duang th~ngtu tam elip den di~m cuoi ella cung elip). Phuong thuc nay eho phep truy bat giao diem cac d6i tuqng 3D (d~ng Wireframe) v6'i m¢t diem nhin hi¢n hinh (Current Wiewpoint), rna thl!e te trong khong gian chUng khong giao nhau (hinh 5.14).
Neu di6m dau tien ben tnti, diem thli' hai ben phai thi nhiing d6i tUQng nao nam trang khung cira sci se dUQc ch9n (lUangtvWindow), neu diem dau tien ben phii va diem thu hai ben tnii thi nhiing d6i tuqng nao nam trang. Fence (F) Lt;ra ch9n nay cho phep t~o m¢t duong cat baa g6m nhieu phAn do~n, nhting d6i tuqng nao giao voi duong cat nay se duqc ch9n. Previous (P) Chqn l'.li cac d6i tuqng dii chQn t:;.i dong nhac Select object: clla ffi¢t l¢nh hi¢u chinh ho~c dt!ng hinh tht;rc hi¢n cu6i cung.
Khi nh~p R t~i dong nhac Select object: se xU<lt hi¢n dong nhac Remove object.T~idong nhac cu6i cung nay ta e6 the sir dl,mg Hitca,cae. Ta con c6 the tru cac d6i tw:;mg t<;ti dong nhac Select object: Bang each dong thOi nhip phfm Shift vii sir dl:mg cac phuong phap Iva chQn d6i tuqng. Vat mep cac cqnh giao nhau (I~nh CHAMFER). Pull - down Menu Screen Menu Type in Toolbar. Modify\Chamfer MODIFY2\Chamfer Chamfer, Cha Modify. Trinh tl)' thl)'c hi¢n [enh Chamfer lUang tu l¢nh Fillet: Nh~p cae khoang cach vat mep, r6i sau do chQn cac dO<;l-n thAng can vat mep.
Kfch thuac duCing vat mep (duong xien) duqc dtnh btlOg hai cach: Theo hai khoang ca.ch tir di~m giao nhau (Distance), ho~c nh~p ffiqt gia tr!. + Trang AutoCAD cling con co th~ sir d\;1og thanh euon Scroll Bars (hai thanh nam ngang va thing dung) d€ xe dich bim ve tren man hioh. Pull - down Menu Type in Toolbar. View hoi;ic Ddview Standard. Khican c6 the gQi fa cae ph<in ball ve nay. +Trang Orthographic & Isometric View: T<;lo cae hlob chieu vu6ng goe va hloh chieu trl).C do. Bhatch ho(ic Bh, H. trong vung ve m~t cat giai h~n bOi m¢t duong bien kfn. Khi l~nh Bhatch duqe tht!e hi~o se xuat hi~n h¢p tho~i Boundary Hatch and Fill. + Predeji"ed: ChQo cae milu m~t cat e6 san trang file ACAD.PAT ella AutoCAD. +Custom: ChQn mall duqe t~o bang file. Khi do nh~p ten file. PAT vao 6 sO<;ln thao Custom Pattern. mall ANSI13l), rei ehQn khoiing each (Spacing) giua cae duong g;;teh va g6e nghieng (Angle) ella duong g~eheheo.
Trong chii s6 kfch thuoc c6 th€ ghi dung sai (tolerance), ghi tien t6 (prefix) va h~u to (suffix) eua kich thuoe. Chu y ding, d6i voi kich thuGe ban kfnh va duang kinh chi co 4 thanh phArr: dau tam (ho~c duong tam), ducmg kieh thuoc, mlii ten (g'!-eh eheo) va ehu s6 kich thuoc. C6 th€ thiet l~p nhieu ki€u ghi kich thuoe khac nhau trang m¢t ban ve, khi cAn ta chi g9i kitiu kich thuoc.
Dti t~oeae ki€u kich thuoe thea TCVN, truae tien phai t'!-o ki€u kich thuac (Dimension style) b~ngeach djnh I,!-i gia trj cae bien kieh thuoc (Dimmension variables). Specify first extention line origin or<select object >: (Chqn g6c duang gi6ng thir nhilt). Specify dimension line location or /MtextrrextIAngleIHorizontaIlVetti.call IRotated]: (chon m(>t di~m d~ ~n drnh vj tricua dltitng ghi leieh thltoe).
Mtext: Nh~pnhieu hem m¢t dong cac chu s6 kich thuac va cac ky tl!truac va sau chu s6 kich thuac. • Ohi kfch thuac sao cho duong kich thuac song song vai do~nth&ng noi hai di~m g6c dltang gi6ng: l"nh Dimaligned (hoijc DAL). Specify dimension line location or [MtextrrextIAnglgeJ: (ChQn m¢t diem de an dinh vi trf eua duong ghi kich thuac).
Specify dimension line locarion or /MtextITextIAnglge]: (ChQn ffi'?t di~m d~ a:n djnh vi trf eua dUong ghi leich thuClc). SpeCIfy dimension line location or /MtextlTextIAnglge/: (ChQn ffi¢t diem. d~ an dinh vi tIi eua dUong ghi kfch thuac). Specify dimension arc line location or [MtextITextIAnglge]: (Chqn m¢t. di~md€ an dinh vi trf ella duang ghi kich thuGe).
Specify dimension arc line locati.on or [MtextrrextIAnglge]: (Chqn m¢t. di~m d~ an dinh vi trf eua duemg ghi kich thuae).
L~nhTabsurfdung de t<,to rn~t It.l'oi trl,l theo hlnh d<;lng eua ctuong chuin (path curve) dQc theo vecta dinh huang (direction vector). M~t ell) lu6'i (s6 duang sinh) dinh bang bien SURFfABl. Select object for path clIrve: (ChQn dU(::ing chuindinh d<.mg m~t trl,l: cothe 1il line, arc, circle, 2Dplinc, 3D pline, ellipe, spline). Neu path curve la pline gam d.e phfrn dOC;ln la do<;tn thang (line) va eung tron (arc) thl AutoCAD se ve cae duang sinh di qua cae dinh eua ph,ln do<;tn thing va tren moi philndo~n1aeung tron vi:: so duang sinh bang bien SURFTABl. phuo'ng phap ph~n tir huu h~n, eho phep tlnh U'ng suat va ehuy~n vt eua cae ket cau 3D. Cho phep rna phimg d<)ng l~c h9C ket cau, rna phong chuy6n d<)ng cua dl;mg el,J cat gQt khi ehet~ochi tiel.
Specify oppo.~itecorner or jCubel Lengthl: (Nh~pto<,\ d¢ diem goe, ho~c su dl,lng cae h,ra chQn C hay L). Specify radius for base of cylinder or [Diameter]: (Ban kfnh, ho~c dap D cho duong kinh duong tron m~tday tfl:I). Specify height of cylinder or [Center of other end]: (Nh~pchieu cao trl,l theo tfl,lC Z , ho~c dap C d6 djnh V!.
Specify radius of torus or [Diamenter]: (Nh~pban kinh ho~c dap D cho duang kfnh kh6i xuyen (tu tilm xuyen denHim vaoh xuyen). Dung l¢nh Extrude ta c6 th~t<;to fa caekh6i ran coban nhu: Box, Wedge, Cylinder bang each ve2D cae hloh chfrnh~t, hlnh tam giac, duang tron vasau d6 keo thea phuong tr~c z. Select objects: (Chon d6i wqngdn revolve, chi duqc chon mQt d6i tuqng lit: pline, polygon, ellipse, circle ho~c region).
L~nh Union dung d~ t"!-o cae mienRegion ho~c cae khai d~cSolid t6 hqp bang phep cOng (hgp) d.c Solid ho~cRegion thanh phan. Selecr ohject: Ch9ll cae Solid ho~c Region can c{)ng. Giao cae kh6i d~c (I~nhIntersect). L¢nh Intersect eho phept~oSolid ho~e Region t6 hqp btmg phep giao cae Solid ho~e Region thanh phan. Khi t<).o Solid da hqp chi giul~iphan giao nhau giua cae Solids duqc chqn. Neu ehQn B(keep Both side) thi gill l<;ti ca hai nua eua Solid dUl1e cat. Khi dung phuong an nay, truac tien phai dbi va xoay UCSicon den v~ tri thich hqp tren m~t phang ca.n cat, sau do dung d.em~t phang to<;\ de) XV, ho~c YZ, ho~e ZXde tien hanh cdr khoi d~e.
Specify a poim on desired side of the plane or /keep Both side/: ChQn vao mQt diem eua nua Solid ben nao muon gill 19-i, llIra con l~i bj xoa di.