Analysis of green economy of india proje

Ana l ys i sofGr e e nEc onomyofI ndi a Na meofSt ude nt s :  Ume s hDnya nobaJ a i d ( A7127)  Si dhodha nSha mr a oUma r e( B7229)  Ra j a tRome ndr aBor ka r ( A7105)  Pa nka jGa ne s hKa l a pa d ( B7279)  AbdulMus a we rMi r z a i ( B7258) Re s e a r c hSupe r vi s or :Mr As hi s hKhobr a ga de_ APr oj e c tSubmi t t e di nt hePa r t i a lFul f i l me ntoft he Re qui r e me nt sf ort heDe gr e eof Ba c he l or sofAr t s i n Ec onomi c s ( 2016-2019) DEPARTMENTOFECONOMI CS FERGUSSONCOLLEGE( AUTONOMOUS) ,PUNE ACKNOWLEDGEMENT It a ket hi soppor t uni t yt oe xpr e s sade e ps e ns eofgr a t i t udet oDr R Pa r de s i , Pr i nc i pa l ,Fe r gus s onc ol l e ge( Aut onomous ) pune ,f orhi s c or di a ls uppor ta shega vet h epe r mi s s i o nt ous ea l lr e qui r e d e qui p me nta ndt hene c e s s a r yma t e r i a lt oc ompl e t et hepr oj e c t It a ket hi soppor t uni t yt oe xpr e s smypr o f oundgr a t i t udea ndde e p r e ga r dt oDr Ni r ma l aTa l a pe ,He a doft hede pa r t me nt ( Ec onomi c s ) Fe r gus s onc ol l e ge( Aut onomous ) pune , a ndourgui d pr of e s s orMr As hi s hKhobr a ga des i rf orhi se xe mpl a r ygui da nc e , moni t or i nga ndc ons t a nte nc our a ge me ntt hr oughoutt hec our s eoft hi s pr oj e c t Thebl e s s i ng ,he l pa ndgui da nc egi ve nbyhi st i met ot i me s l lc a r r ymeal ongwa yi nt hej our ne yofl i f eonwhi c hIa ma bout t oe mba r k La s t l y,It nka l mi g ht y,mypa r e nt s ,br ot he r ,s i s t e r sa ndf r i e ndsf or t he i rc ons t a nte nc ou r a ge me ntwi t houtwhi c ht hi spr oj e c twoul dnotbe pos s i bl e Exa mi ne r s ’Ce r t i f i c a t e Thi si st oc e r t i f yt tt h epr oj e c tt i t l e d _ s ubmi t t e dby sbe e na s s e s s e da ndgr a de dt o wa r dst hepa r t i a lf ul f i l me ntoft hede gr e eofB A Ec o nomi c si nt hea c a de mi cye a r201819 ( Si gna t ur e ) Na meofI nt e r na lExa mi ne r : _ _ _ ( Si gna t ur e ) Na meofExt e r na lExa mi ne r : _ Da t e : Ti me : Pl a c e : CHAPTER1 I NTRODUCTI ON St a t e me ntoft hePr obl e m Pur pos eoft heSt udy Re s e a r c hQue s t i on Si gni f i c a nc eoft heSt udy Me t hodofPr oc e dur e Tr e a t me ntoft heDa t a Li mi t a t i ons CHAPTER2 REVI EW OFLI TERATURE CHAPTER3 DATAANDMETHODS Da t aGa t he r i ng Me t hodol ogy CHAPTER4 PRESENTATI ONOFFI NDI NGS Re s ul t sofSe c onda r yRe s e a r c h CHAPTER5 DI SCUSSI ON/CONCLUSI ONS Conc l us i ons Re c omme nda t i ons Fut ur eSc ope APPENDI CES BI BLI OGRAPHY I nt r oduct i on I ndi st hes e ve nt hl a r ge s tc ount r ybya r e a ,t hes e c ondmos tpopul ousc ount r ywi t hove r 2bi l l i onpe opl ea ndt hemos tpopul ousde moc r a c yi nt hewor l d.Si nc e1991I ndi aa c c e pt e d t heLPGpol i c ya ndbe c a meoneoft hef a s t e s tgr owi ngma j ore c onomi e s Butt oda y,t he r ea r e ma nye nvi r onme nt a lpr obl e msa ndi s s ue si nI ndi a The r e f or e ,t he r ei st hene e df orus i ng a l t e r na t i vemode lofde ve l o pme ntknowna sgr e e ne c o nomy.Thec onc e ptofgr e e ne c onomy i sbe i ngdi s c us s e di nr e c e ntde c a def ora c hi e vi ngs us t a i na bi l i t yi ni nc l us i vegr owt nd de ve l opme ntofr e s pe c t i vea r e aofc ount r i e soft heWor l d.I nt her e c e ntye a r s ,di s c us s i on a r ounds us t a i na bi l i t yha sbe c omeake ye l e me ntoft hegl oba la ge ndaa ndpl a n.Thi si s be c a us et hen e we s ta ndc ur r e nts c i e nt i f i cs t udi e swi t hourdi r e c te xpe r i e nc e sofe nvi r onme nt a l da ma gea n dc l i ma t ec ngea r ema ki ngi tc l e a rt hepr e s e nte c onomi cde ve l opme ntmode l ne e dst oc nge The r e f or e ,UNGe ne r a lAs s e mbl yde c i de dt ohol das ummi ti nRi ode J a ne i r oi n201 2t oc e l e br a t et he20t nni ve r s a r yoft hef i r s tRi oEa r t hSummi ti n1992.Ma i n t he meoft hi sc onf e r e nc ewa s“ Gr e e ne c onomyi nt hec ont e xtofSus t a i na bl eDe ve l opme nt a ndPove r t yEr a di c a t i on” Ac r os st hewor l d,Gr e e nEc onomyc o nc e ptha sbe e nga i ni nggr ounda ndI ndi snoe xc e pt i on Gr e e nEc onomyi sade ve l opme nts t r a t e gywhi c hha r moni s e sbot he c onomi cde ve l opme nt a nde c ol ogi c a ls us t a i na bi l i t y.St a t e dobj e c t i ve sofe nvi r onme nt f r i e ndl ys us t a i na bl eme a s ur e s ve ,s of a r ,l a r ge l ynotbe e nme ti nd e ve l opi ngc ount r i e sduet oove r powe r i ngne e dofba s i c de ve l opme ntpr i or i t i e s ,l a c koff undf l owf r omt hede v e l ope dwor l df ormi t i ga t i ona nd a da pt a t i onpur pos e s ,e t c I ndi sf a c i ngt hepr obl e mofc oe xi s t e nc eoft hec onve nt i ona l e c onomi cgr o wt hs t r a t e gya ndpi e c e me a le f f or t st oma ket hee c onomyr e a dyt omi t i ga t ea nd a da ptt ot hec l i ma t ec ngei s s ue s Adopt i ngt hemul t i di me ns i ona lGr e e nc onc e pti sgoi ngt oha ver i ppl ee f f e c t sone mpl oyme nt , t r a de ,a gr i c ul t ur e ,dome s t i ci ndus t r i e s ,bus i ne s spa t t e r n,whi c h,a c c or di ngl y,r e qui r ee xt e ns i ve f i s c a lr e f or ms ,vi gi l a nc eonc ngi ngi nt e r na t i ona lt r a der e l a t i onsa ndt r a depa t t e r ns ,s ki l l de ve l opme nt ,i ndi ge nousr e s e a r c ndde ve l opme ntf orr e s our c ee f f i c i e nc y,pol i t i c a l s t e wa r ds hi p,p ubl i ca wa r e ne s s ,e t c J udi c i ousi nc l us i o nofs us t a i na bi l i t yf a c t ori nt ot he ongoi nge c on omi cde c i s i onsf orboos t i ngi nf r a s t r uc t ur ea ndma nuf a c t ur i ngc a ns e tt hi ngs r ol l i ngf orput t i ngt heI ndi a ne c onomyont heGr e e nEc onomypa t h Af t e rt heGl oba lFi na nc i a l Cr i s i s ,t hewor l dha sde c i de dt oa doptGLOBALGREENECONOMYConc e ptwi t ht he obj e c t i veofr e vi vi ngt hewor l de c onomy,s a vi nga ndc r e a t i ngj obs ,a ndpr ot e c t i ngvul ne r a bl e gr oups ,pr omot i ngs us t a i na bl ea ndi nc l us i vegr owt h,r e duc i ngr i s ksf r omc a r bonde pe nde nc y a nde c os ys t e mde gr a da t i ona ndt hea c hi e ve me ntoft h eMi l l e nni umDe ve l opme ntGoa l s ( MDGs ) ,2 000.Asgove r nme nt ss t a r t e dde vi s i ngane wi nt e r na t i ona lf i na nc i a la r c hi t e c t ur et o pr e ve nts uc hc r i s e si nf ut ur eoft hi ss c a l ea ndwa yst oj umps t a r te c onomi cr e c ove r y,t he y be ga nt or e c o gni s ea nda dd r e s st her i s kse ma na t i ngf r omee ndofa c hi e vi ngt hegoa c l i ma t e c nge Gr e e nEc onomyi sba s e donas e toft r a ns f or ma t i vea c t i ons-a mbi t i ousa ndf a r r e a c hi ng.Thet r a ns i t i ont oaGr e e nEc onomyi nt hec o nt e xtofs us t a i na bl ede ve l opme nta nd pove r t ye r a di c a t i onmus tbeunde r pi nne dbya ne t hi c a lf r a me wor kofs r e dva l ue sa nd pr i nc i pl e st te xt e ndbe yondt het r a d i t i ona lt e c hnol og y–ba s e de c onomi cs ys t e m Thene wc o nc e ptofGr e e nEc onomyi sne i t he rt or e pl a c et hehol i s t i ca ndi nc l us i vei de aof Sus t a i n a bl eDe ve l opme nt ,norc a ni tbec ons i de r e di nd e pe nde ntoft tgui di ngpr i nc i pl e , r a t he rt heGr e e nEc onomyne e dst ob eunde r s t ooda same a nst ot hl sa ndpr i nc i pl e st tha ve be e ns e toutwi t hi nt hec onc e ptofSus t a i na bl eDe ve l opme nt TheGr e e nEc onomyi mpl i e s pove r t ye r a di c a t i ona nds oc i a lj us t i c ea st hema i npur pos e sofa ne c ol ogi c a l l ys ound e c onomi cs ys t e m.Thec onc e ptofaGr e e nEc onomyi sas hi f ti npa r a di gmsa ndi ts houl dnot r e ma i na nc hor e di nt hepr e s e ntc a pi t a l i s tpr oduc t i onc ons umpt i onmode la ndhol dsont o e c onomi cgr o wt st hede c i s i vei ndi c a t orf orde ve l opme nt ,pr ogr e s sa ndhuma nwe l l be i ng Thegr owi ngi ne qua l i t i e sa ndpowe ri mba l a nc e sofou re c onomi cs ys t e msma ke se qui t ya st he c or ne rs t oneofaGr e e nEc onomywhi c hne e dst oa dd r e s st hee r a di c a t i onofpove r t yt o a c hi e ves oc i a la nde c onomi cj us t i c e Thepa pe ri sade s c r i pt i vea na l ys i sba s e dont hea va i l a bl ef a c t sa ndf i gur e s ,dot t e dwi t h c ompa r i s onswi t hot he re me r gi ngc ount r i e st ohi ghl i g htt hepr e s e nts t a t usofI ndi a Whi l e a c knowl e dgi ngt hei mpor t a nc eofde v e l opme ntofs t r a t e gi e st oa doptt hepr i nc i pl e sofGr e e n Ec onomyi nt unewi t hs t a geofe c onomi cde ve l opme nt ,t hepa pe rpoi nt soutt hec r i t i c a lga ps a ndpr obl e msf a c e dbyI ndi aa swe l la st he i rpos s i bl es ol ut i ons St a t e me ntoft hepr obl e m I ndi aha sbe e nbl e s s e dwi t na bunda nc eofna t ur a lr e s our c e sl i kef e r t i l es oi l ,vol umi nous r i ve r swhi c hha vema nyt r i but a r i e sa n ddi s t r i but a r i e s , f or e s t sa ndpl e nt yofmi ne r a lde pos i t s TheDe c c a nPl a t e a ui sr i c hi nbl a c ks oi la ndhe nc et hegr owt hofc ot t oni ndus t r i e si s c onc e nt r a t e di nt ta r e a TheI ndoGa nge t i cpl a i nf r omt heAr a bi a nSe at ot heBa yofBe nga l i save r yf e r t i l er e gi on.I ti save r yde ns e l ypopul a t e da r e aa ndi si nt e ns i ve l yc ul t i va t e d.The f or e s t sa r eune ve nl ydi s t r i b ut e dbuts t i l lpr ovi deac ove rf ort hewi l dl i f ea ndpr ovi deagr e e n c ove rf ort h epopul a t i on.I ndi aha sa bout20%oft hei r onor ede pos i t si nt hewor l d.Wea l s o vea bunda nc eofna t ur a lga sa ndc oa l Ba uxi t e ,t i n, c oppe r ,di a mond,gol de t ca r ea l s o a va i l a bl ei nva r i ouspa r t soft hec ount r y.Thee c onomi cgr owt hoft heI ndi a ne c onomyha s r e s ul t e di ns t r e s sonourna t ur a lr e s ou r c e swhi c hha si nt ur na f f e c t e dt hehuma nhe a l t nd we l lbe i ngofourpopul a t i on.Thet hr e a tt ooure nvi r o nme ntpos e sadi c hot omy:Pove r t y i nduc e de nvi r onme nt a lde g r a da t i ona ndt he r ei st hr e a tf r ompol l ut i onc a us e dbyt hewa s t e sof t hei ndus t r i a ls e c t orgr owi nga taf a s tpa c e Ai rpol l ut i on,wa t e rpol l ut i on,s oi le r os i on, de f or e s t a t i ona nde xt i nc t i onofwi l dl i f ea r es omeoft h emos ti mpor t a nte nvi r onme nt a li s s ue s whi c hI ndi aha st oa ddr e s ss oon.Thepr i or i t yi s s ue sa r ei de nt i f i e da s :1.La ndde gr a da t i on 2.Los sofbi odi ve r s i t y 3.Ai rpol l u t i one s pe c i a l l yc a us e dbyve hi c ul a rt r a f f i ci nt heur ba ns e c t or 4.Ma na ge me ntoff r e s hwa t e r 5.Sol i dwa s t ema na ge me ntTheuns t a bl eus eofl a nda ndi na ppr opr i a t ema na ge me nt pr a c t i c e sr e s ul ti nt heva r yi ngde gr e ea ndt ype sofde gr a da t i onofl a nd Someoft h ec a us e sofl a ndSt a t eofI ndi a ' sEnvi r onme ntFr e ede ge ne r a t i ona r e :Los sof ve ge t a t i ona sar e s ul tofde f or e s t a t i onHi ghr a t eofe xt r a c t i onoff odde ndf ue lShi f t i ng c ul t i va t i onEnc r oa c hme nti nt of or e s ta r e a sOve r gr a z i nga ndf or e s tf i r e sNota dopt i ngs oi l c ons e r va t i onme t hodsI mpr ope rc r opr ot a t i onUs i ngc he mi c a l ss uc spe s t i c i de sa nd f e r t i l i z e r si ndi s c r i mi na t e l yI mpr ope rma na ge me nta ndpl a nni ngofi r r i ga t i ons ys t e ms Exc e s s i vee xt r a c t i onofgr oundwa t e rwhi c hi snotma t c he dbyt her e c r gi ngc a pa c i t i e sof t hee nvi r onme ntOpe na c c e s st ot her e s our c e sPove r t yoft hepe opl eoft hea gr i c ul t ur a ls e c t or Thede mogr a p hi c a la r e aofI ndi sj us t2 5%oft hewor l d' sa r e abutwes uppor ta bout16%of t hewor l dpopul a t i ona nd2 0%oft hewor l dl i ve s t oc kpopul a t i on.He nc ee nor mouspr e s s ur e s a r ee xe r t e donourc ount r y' sna t ur a lr e s our c e sduet ot hehi ghpopul a t i onde ns i t ya ndt he c ompe t i t i oni nt heus eofl a ndf orpa s t ur e s ,f or e s t ,f a r ms ,r e s i de nc ea ndi ndus t r i e s Thepe r c a pi t af or e s t l a ndi nourc ount r yha st obe 47he c t a r ei nor de rt ome e tt heba s i cr e qui r e me nt s buta tpr e s e nti ti same r e 08he c t a r e Thi sr e s ul t si nt hef e l l i ngofa bout15mi l l i onc ubi c me t r ef or e s t sove rt hepe r mi s s i bl el i mi t Thes oi le r os i oni sa tt her a t eof5 3bi l l i ont onne sa ye a rf orourc ount r ya nda sar e s ul twel os e 8mi l l i ont one sofni t r oge n,1 8mi l l i ont one sof phos phor ousa nd26 3mi l l i ont one sofpot a s s i ume ve r yye a r Thequa nt i t yofnut r i e nt sl os tby I ndi ae ve r yye a rduet os oi le r os i oni sbe t we e n5 8t o8 4mi l l i ont one s Ai rpol l ut i oni swi de s pr e a di nourc ount r ywi t hve hi c l e sbe i ngt hema i nc a us e Somea r e a sa l s oha veahi gh c onc e nt r a t i onofi ndus t r i e sa ndt he r ma lpowe rpl a nt swhi c l s oc a us ea i rpol l ut i on Ve hi c ul a re mi s s i onsa r ea tgr oundl e ve la ndhe nc eha vema xi mumne ga t i vei mpa c tont hea i r Thenumbe rofmot orve hi c l e swa se s t i ma t e dt obea bout67c r or e si n2003c ompa r e dt o3 l a khsi n19 51.Pe r s ona lt r a ns por tve hi c l e sma i nl yt wowhe e l e r sc ons t i t ut e80%oft he ve hi c ul a rt r a f f i c Wea r ea mongs tt het opt e nmos ti ndus t r i a l i z e dna t i onsoft hi swor l d.Thi s i ndus t r i a l i z a t i onha sa l s oc e r t a i nunwa nt e da nduna nt i c i pa t e di mpa c t ss uc sunpl a nne d ur ba ni z a t i o n,pol l ut i ona ndahi ghr i s kofa c c i de nt s TheCe nt r a lPol l ut i onCont r olBoa r d ( CPCB)ha sg i ve nal i s tof17i ndus t r i e sbot hs ma l ls c a l ea ndl a r ges c a l ea ss i gni f i c a nt l y pol l ut i ng.Thuswec a ns e et tt heva r i ouse nvi r onme nt a lc l l e nge sf a c e dbyI ndi aa r e e nor mous Theme a s ur e sa dopt e dbyt hegove r nme ntha snotye tyi e l de da nys i gni f i c a nt r e s ul t sbuta sl onga st hegove r nme ntt a ke ss us t a i ne dme a s ur e swec a na c hi e vei mpr ove me nt i nove r c omi ngoure nvi r onme nt a lc l l e nge s I nor de rt oove r c omet he s ec l l e nge st he f ut ur ege ne r a t i onha st obeke pti nmi nd.De ve l opme n tofourl i f e s t yl e swi t houtgi vi nga t houghtt ot hede pl e t i onoft hee nvi r onme ntwi l lde gr a dea ndc a us eade ge ne r a t i onoft he e nvi r onme nt Sol ut i on Thede gr a da t i onofe nvi r onme ntc a us ema nypr obl e mst huswene e dt oge tr i dofi tora tl e a s t mi ni mi s ei ts ot hegoa lofSus t a i na bl egr owt nbea c hi e vet hi sne c e s s i t ygi ve st hebi r t ht o t hec onc e p tofGr e e nEc onomy The   gr e e ne c onomy  i sde f i ne da sa n  e c onomy  t ta i msa tr e duc i nge nvi r onme nt a lr i s ks a nde c ol ogi c a ls c a r c i t i e s ,a ndt ta i msf or   s us t a i na bl ede ve l opme nt   wi t hout   de gr a di ngt he e nvi r onme nt I ti sc l os e l yr e l a t e dwi t h  e c ol ogi c a le c on omi c s , ( Wi ki pe di a ) The2011  UNEP  Gr e e nEc onomyRe por ta r gue s" t tt obegr e e n,a ne c onomymus tnot onl ybee f f i c i e nt ,buta l s of a i r Fa i r ne s si mpl i e sr e c ogn i s i nggl oba la ndc ount r yl e ve le qui t y di me ns i ons ,pa r t i c ul a r l yi na s s ur i ngaj us tt r a ns i t i ont oa ne c onomyt ti sl owc a r bon, r e s our c ee f f i c i e nt ,a nds oc i a l l yi nc l us i ve " I ndi a   c a nma kegr e e ngr owt har e a l i t ybyput t i ngi npl a c es t r a t e gi e st or e duc ee nvi r onme nt a l de gr a da t i ona tt hemi ni ma lc os tof0 02%t o0 04%ofa ve r a gea nnua lGDPgr owt hr a t e Ac c or d i ngt oane wWor l dBa nkr e po r tr e l e a s e dt oda y ,t hi swi l la l l owI ndi at oma i nt a i na hi ghpa c eofe c onomi cgr owt hwi t houtj e opa r di z i ngf u t ur ee nvi r onme nt a ls us t a i na bi l i t y Pur pos eoft hes t udy Ani nc l us i vegr e e ne c onomyi sa na l t e r na t i vet ot oda y ' sdomi na nte c onomi cmode l ,whi c h e xa c e r ba t e si ne qua l i t i e s ,e n c our a ge swa s t e ,t r i gge r sr e s our c es c a r c i t i e s ,a ndge ne r a t e s wi de s pr e a dt hr e a t st ot hee nvi r onme nta ndhuma nhe a l t h.Sot hema i nobj e c t i ve soft hes t udy wi l lbe 1.Unde r s t a ndi ngofgr e e ne c onomy: He r ewewi l lmos t l yc onc e nt r a t eont he r e ot i c a lde f i ni t i ona nde me r ge nc eoft hec onc e ptof gr e e ne c onomy 2.Ana l y s i sofgr e e ne c onomyofI ndi a I nt hi swewi l la na l ys ea l lt het hi ngswhi c r epos s i bl et os t udyt hene c e s s i t y,pa s t,pr e s e nt a ndf ut ur es i t ua t i onr e ga r di nggr e e ne c onomyofI ndi a Re s e a r c hque s t i ons Asoff i r s tqua r t e rof2018I ndi a ’ sGDPgr e wbywhoppi ng8 2pe r c e ntwhi c hme a nsI ndi s t hema j ore c onomywhi c hl e a di ngt hegr owt hofwor l de c onomy,butt he s edi gi t sa r enot s uf f i c i e nti te xc l udet hede gr a da t i ono fe nvi r onme nts omyque s t i onsa r e 1.whe t h e rI ndi ac a ns us t a i ni t shi ghgr owt hpr os pe c ta nds oc i e t a li mpr ove me nt si fi t c on t i nue st oa doptt hec ur r e ntpa t hofgr owt hora ti t sus ua ls t r a t e gy 2.  I ft hea ns we rofmyf i r s tr e s e a r c hque s t i oni si nt hene ga t i ve ,t he nmys e c ondr e s e a r c h que s t i oni showt hene wGr e e nEc onomyc onc e ptc a nbeus e f uli nma ki ngI ndi aa bl e t oa c h i e vei t sgoa l sofde ve l opi nga tr a pi ds pa c ea ndwi t hs us t a i na bi l i t y Si gni f i c a nc eoft hes t udy Thema i nobj e c t i veofr e s e a r c hpa pe ri st ogi vet hebr i e fove r vi e woft het opi ca swe l la st he br i e f i ngt hei mpor t a nc eoft het opi ct oa l lt her e a de r sa ndf ort hes oc i e t y Ourr e s e a r c hpa pe rc ont a i nst hee nvi r onme nt a lpr obl e mofI ndi aa ndhowt hegr e e ne c onomy c onc e pthe l pI ndi at oove r c omef r omi ts ot heEnvi r onme nt a lpr obl e msa r emos t l yc ol l e c t i ve buti tdoe snote ndhe r et he ya l s oa r ei ndi vi dua ls ot a c kl et hi spr obl ee ve r yones houl dbe c ont r i but i ngi nt hepr oc e s sofmovi ngt owa r dsgr e e ne c onomy,t t st hepoi ntwhe r eour r e s e a r c hpa pe rc a nbehe l pf ult oa l lt hei ndi vi dua la swe l la ss oc i e t a ls t udya ndf orge ne r a l a wa r e ne s swhi c hc a na l s obehe l pf ult oa c hi e veoura mbi t i onofgr e e ne c onomy t hr ought hi s s t udywec a ns a yt tc onc e ptofgr e e ne c onomyc a nhe l pf ult oa c hi e ves us t s i na bl e de ve l opme nta nde f f i c i e ntus eofna t ur a lr e s our c e s ,a ndi ti sve r yi mpor t a ntf orr e duc i ng e xpl oi t a t i onofna t ua lr e s ouc e s s , i ti ss i gni f i c a ntf orma i na t a i ni ngt hena t ur a lr e s our c e sa nd pr ovi depr os p e r ousl i f et oourf ut ur ege ne r a t i ons Me t hodofpr oc e dur e s Thepa pe ri sade s c r i pt i vea na l ys i sba s e dont hea va i l a bl ef a c t sa ndf i gur e s ,dot t e dwi t h c ompa r i s onswi t hot he re me r gi ngc ount r i e st ohi ghl i ghtt hepr e s e nts t a t usofI ndi a Whi l e a c knowl e dgi ngt hei mpor t a nc eofde ve l opme ntofs t r a t e gi e st oa doptt hepr i nc i pl e sofGr e e n Ec onomyi nt unewi t hs t a geofe c onomi cde ve l opme nt ,t hepa pe rpoi nt soutt hec r i t i c a lga ps a ndpr obl e msf a c e dbyI ndi aa swe l la st he i rpos s i bl es ol ut i ons Tr e a t me ntofDa t a I nor de rt ode r i vea l lt her e s e a r c ns we r s ,s e c onda r yda t a ,pol i c i e s ,f a c t sa ndf i gur e sf r om va r i ousUNpubl i c a t i ons ,Gove r nme ntpubl i c a t i ons ,a ndi nde pe nde ntr e s e a r c r t i c l e sha ve be e nc ons ul t e da ndr e s ul t sha vebe e ne xa mi ne da ndus e ds ui t a bl y Li mi t a t i ons Whi l ema ki ngr e s e a r c hi nt opi cofAna l ys i sofgr e e ne c onomyofI ndi awema i nl yf a c e dt he pr obl e m ofc ol l e c t i ngofpr i ma r yda t aa si ti st hema c r oe c onomi ct opi cs owea r euna bl et o us eorga t he rpr i ma r yda t at t swhywea r ema i nl yd e pe nde ntupons e c onda r yda t awhi c hi s mos t l ybywor l dba nka ndUni t e dNa t i ons Aswe l la swegotl i mi t e dwi t hi nourt opi ca si ti s ne wc onc e pt Re vi e wofl i t e r a t ur e he r eIpr e s e ntr e vi e wsofs o meoft hea va i l a bl el i t e r a t u r e swhi c hgi vet hegl i mps e soft he pr e s e ntuns us t a i na bl ee c onomi ci s s ue s , c onc e ptofGr e e nEc onomya ndi t sva r i ousa s pe c t s ‘ Gr e e nEc onomy’I nt heCont e xtofI ndi a nEc onomybySa t r a j i tDut t a , As s i s t a ntPr of e s s orof Ec onomi c s , De pa r t me ntofEc onomi c s , Gor uba t nGo vt Ge ne r a lDe gr e eCol l e ge , ( Uni ve r s i t y ofNor t hBe ng a l ,W B )I ndi as howsi nr e s e a r c ht tt hea st het i mei spa s s i ngt hene c e s s i t y ofa da pt i nggr e e ne c onomi cr e f or msa r ebe c omi ngmo r ene c e s s a r ya ndt hec ur r e ntI ndi a ’ s s i t ua t i onwi l lbede va s t a t i n gf orf ut ur e Thegr e e ne c o nomyme a s ur e sc a nbeve r yhe l pf ulf or f ut ur ewor l d ‘ Tr a dea ndGr e e nEc onomy:AHa ndbook’ofI nt e r na t i ona lI ns t i t ut ef orSus t a i na bl e De ve l opme ntme nt i one da boutt hei mpor t a nc eoft r a de ,a ni mpor t a ntgl oba le c onomi ca c t i vi t y, a sadr i ve rofe nvi r onme nt a lc nge I tobs e r ve st tt he r ea r es pe c i f i ci nt e r a c t i onsbe t we e n t hede s i gnsofe nvi r onme nt a ll a wsa ndt het r a del a ws ma s sde f or e s t a t i on,l a ndde gr a da t i on,e xc e s sus eoff e r t i l i z e r sa ndc he mi c a li nf ood pr oduc t i ona ndr i ve rc ont a mi na t i ona n dpol l ut i on.at r uea boutI ndi a ,our swhoppi ng65 pe r c e ntoft hel a ndi sde gr a de di ns omewa yl i kena t ur eors i z ea ndt hei nf i ni t egove r nme nt pol i c i e sdol i t t l et oc ur bt heda ma ge I nr e a l i t y,t he r ei snos hor t a gea ta l lofgove r nme nt l e gi s l a t i onpr ot e c t i ngt hee n vi r onme nta ndot he rr e s ou r c e sbuts or r yt os a yt ti ti sne ve r e nf or c e dduet of l a gr a nta b us eofpowe r ,c or r upt i on,l a c kofr e s our c e s ,l e ngt hypr oc e s sof pol i c ypr e pa r a t i ona ndi t si mpl e me nt a t i on.Wedi s c us s e dhe r e ,s omee s s e nt i a lbur ni ngi s s ue s e xi s ti nI ndi a ne c onomya ndwhe t he rore nvi r onme nt Fi r s t ,Dr oughti sve r yda nge r ous c a l a mi t ys t oodi nf r ontofI ndi abe c a u s emos tofa r e ac ove r e dbyna t ur a lc a l a mi t yofdr ought duet oi na de qua t eorl a c kofa c c e s st ovi t a lf r e s hwa t e rr e s our c e st oc ommonpe opl eof c ount r y.Fur t he r mor eI ndi a ne c onomyi nl a r ges c a l ede pe ndsona gr i c ul t ur ea nda l l i e ds e c t or The r e f or e ,e c onomyi sdi r e c t l yi nf l ue nc e dbyi mpa c tofdr ought Si mi l a r l y,our67pe rc e nt a gr i c ul t ur el a nddi r e c t l yde pe ndsonr a i nf a l lormons oon.Cons e que nt l y,oneoft hemos t i mpor t a ntpr ove r bsha sa ppl i e dt oI ndi a na gr i c ul t ur e ,“ I ndi a nAgr i c ul t ur ei sga mbl eon mons oon” Se c ond,De f or e s t a t i oni so neoft hei mpor t a nti s s uee xi s ti nI ndi nt hef or mof ove r gr a z i ng,i ndi s c r i mi na t ef a l l i ngoff or e s tt r e ea ndove re xpl oi t a t i onofl a ndr e s our c e s The de va s t a t i nge f f e c t sofde f or e s t a t i oni nI ndi at a kea c c o untofs oi l ,wa t e ndwi nde r os i ons , e s t i ma t e dt oc os tove r16, 400c r or e se ve r yye a r De f o r e s t a t i ona ndove r gr a z i ngha vebe e n c a us i ngt r e me ndousl a nde r os i ona ndl a nds l i de s Ona na ve r a geI ndi sl os i nga bout6, 000 mi l l i ont onoft ops oi la nnua l l yduet owa t e re r os i oni nt hea bs e nc eoft r e e s Thel os swor ke d outf r omt het ops oi le r os i oni n1973wa sRs 700c r or e ,i n1976,1977a ndi n1978wa sRs 889c r or e ,Rs 1, 200c r or ea ndRs 1, 91c r or er e s pe c t i ve l y.AtPr e s e nti nI ndi a ,t hea va i l a bl e ofpe rc a pi t af or e s tl a ndi nI ndi s0 064he c t a r ec ompa r e dt ot hewor l da ve r a geof1he c t a r e , Ca na da14 2he c t a r e ,Aus t r a l i a7 6haa ndUSA7 30ha I ndi a nf or e s t sc ompr i s eonl y0 50pe r c e ntoft hewor l df or e s ta r e a I ndi sl os i nga bout1 5mi l l i onhe c t a r e soff or e s tc ove re a c h ye a r I ft hi st r e ndc ont i nue swema yi nt hene xt20ye a r sors or e a c ht oz e r of or e s tva l uei n ourc ount r y.Thi r dpoi ntc onc e r nt oa i rqua l i t y,duet ot heba da i rqua l i t ymos toft heI ndi a n Chi l dr e ns u f f e r i ngf r oma s t hmai nbi gc i t i e s ,nowa t50%a ndr i s i ngf a s t Ai rpol l ut i oni st he f i f t hl e a di ngc a us eofde a t hi nI ndi aa f t e rhi ghbl oodpr e s s ur e ,i ndoora i rpol l ut i on,t oba c c o s moki n ga n dpoornut r i t i on,wi t bout620, 000pr e ma t ur ede a t hsoc c ur r i ngf r oma i r pol l ut i onr e l a t e ddi s e a s e s Li keChi na ,I ndi af a c e sa nunpr e c e de nt e dpubl i che a l t hc r i s i sdue t oa i rpol l ut i o n Be i ngame mbe roft h eG20,I ndi ade c i de dt opr omot et hec onc e ptofagr e e n e c onomyi sl i nke dt oi t sove r a l la i mt of os t e rpr os pe r i t ya nds us t a i na bi l i t yi nde ve l opme nta s e l a bor a t e di nt hec ount r y‟ sEl e ve nt hFi ve Ye a rPl a non2007t o2012.I ne mbr a c i nggr e e n gr owt h,I nd i ae nvi s a ge spo ve r t ya l l e v i a t i ona ndt hel owe r i ngofe c onomi ci ne qua l i t i e sa sa ke ybe ne f i tt tc oul dbede r i ve df r omi mpl e me nt i ngt hegr e e ne c onomyc onc e ptBe f or e i mpl e me nt a t i onofgr e e ngr owt h,I ndi ane e di t sque s tt or e duc epove r t ya nds pure c onomi c a c t i vi t y,r e ga r de dt hec ont r ol sonc a r bone mi s s i onsf r o mf os s i lf ue l ge ne r a t e de ne r gya s unf a i rI nr e c e ntt i me s ,I ndi a sobj e c t i ve sofe c onomi cde ve l opme nts howadi f f e r e ntpoi ntof vi e wi nwh i c hoppor t uni t i e sf orgr owt hc oul dber e a l i z e df r omde ve l opi ngagr e e ne c onomy 16 Abovewec a ns e et he r ei se ve r yi ndi c a t orofe nvi r onme nt a lde gr a da t i onI ndi sa bove100 e xc e ptf i s he r i e sa ndf or e s ta ndt hebo t r ena t ur a lr e s our c e ss owec a ns a yI ndi aha st ogo l ongwa yt oa c hi e vegr e e ngr owt h Thewor s ti ndi c a t ori se nvi r onme nt a lhe a l t hwhe r eI ndi a r a nks180i n1 90c ount r i e swhi c hi st ooba df orI ndi a I ne c os ys t e m vi t a l i t yI ndi aa l s or a nks oneoft hel owe s twhi c hme a nsI ndi sve r yba di nr e s our c e sma na ge me nta ndl owa t pr oduc t i vi t ywhi c hi sba df ors us t a i na bl ede ve l opme nt I ndi a ngove r nme nti ni t i a t i ve s TheCons t i t ut i onofI ndi ac ont a i nss p e c i f i cpr ovi s i onsf ort hepr ot e c t i ona ndi mpr ove me ntof e nvi r onme nt a lqua l i t y.Ar t i c l e48Aoft heCons t i t ut i ons a yst t“ t hes t a t es l le nde a vourt o 17 pr ot e c ta ndi mpr ovet hee nvi r onme nta ndt os a f e gua r dt hef or e s t sa ndwi l dl i f eoft hec ount r y ” Ar t i c l e51A( g)s a yst t“ I ts l lbedut yofe ve r yc i t i z e nofI ndi at opr ot e c ta ndi mpr ovet he na t ur a le nvi r onme nti nc l udi ngf or e s t s ,l a ke s ,r i ve r sa n dwi l dl i f ea ndt oha vec ompa s s i onf or l i vi ngc r e a t ur e s ”The s epr ovi s i onshi ghl i ghtt hena t i ona lc ons c i e nc eont hei mpor t a nc eof e nvi r onme ntpr ot e c t i on i ni t i a t i ve I ndi a ’ s12t hFi veYe a rpl a n( 201217 )f ort hef i r s tt i mema dee nvi r onme nt a l s us t a i na bi l i t ya c e nt r a lpi l l a rofI ndi a ’ s de ve l opme nts t r a t e gy.He nc e f or t h,I ndi aha ss c r a ppe dFi veYe a r Pl a ns , a ndwi l li ns t e a dde ve l opl ongt e r m15ye a rpl a n.The15ye a rvi s i ona i msa ti nc l us i ve de ve l opme nta ndpove r t yr e duc t i on,a ndi sc ot e r mi nuswi t ht hepe r i odt oa c hi e veSDGs Pol i t i c a lpa r t i e sa r ei nc r e a s i ngl yt a ki n gupke yi s s ue sa r ounds us t a i na bi l i t ya ndi nc l us i vi t y dur i nge l e c t i ons Popul ousi s s ue sa r ou ndf a i r ne s sa nde qui t ya r eof t e nma i ns t r e a me da tbot h na t i ona la ndl oc a ll e ve l s Ont heot he rha nde nvi r onme nt a ls us t a i na bi l i t yi s s ue sa r eus ua l l y gi ve nor na me nt a li mpor t a nc ea tt hena t i ona ll e ve la ndhi ghl i ght e di nt hena t ur a lr e s our c e de pe nde ntge o gr a phi e s I nt he2017e l e c t i onsi nt hes t a t eofGoa ,a dve r s eba l a nc ebe t we e n e nvi r onme nta ndde ve l opme ntbe c a meama j ori s s uei ne l e c t i ons Ci t i z e nsout r a ge dove rt he s t a t egove r nme ntde c i s i ont oc l a s s i f yc oc onutpa l msa sgr a s sa nda l l owt he i rc omme r c i a l c ut t i ng I ndi aha sde c r e a s e ds ubs i di e sa ndi nc r e a s e dt a xe si nt hef or mofe xc i s edut yonpe t r ol a nddi e s e l ,e v e na sgl oba loi lpr i c e sha vec ol l a ps e d Ex c i s edut yr a t eona vi a t i ont ur bi nef ue l si nc r e a s e df r om8%t o14%.Thi sha sa c t e da sa ni mpl i c i tc a r bont a x19 Somepubl i cs e c t ore nt i t i e sa ndgove r nme ntde pa r t me nt sha ves t a r t e di nt e r na l i z i ng e nvi r onme nt a la nde ne r gye f f i c i e nc yc r i t e r i nt he i rpr oc ur e me ntde c i s i ons Publ i c pr oc ur e me nte xpe ndi t ur ei nI ndi aa c c ount sf or20t o30pe r c e ntoft hec ount r y’ sGDP Howe ve r ,a c t i onongr oundi sdi s pa r a t ea ndi ns i l os ,wi t hma nyPSUsl i keBHEL,NTPCa nd I OLi nt e r na l i z i nge ne r gye f f i c i e nc ya ndr e l a t e dc r i t e r i nt he i rpubl i cpr oc ur e me ntpol i c i e s , butwi t houtr e pl i c a t i ona c r os sot he r e a s TheMi ni s t r yofRa i l wa ysha si nt r oduc e de ne r gye f f i c i e ntl i ght i ngf orhome si nr a i l wa y c ol oni e sr e s ul t i ngi ndi r e c te ne r gys a vi ngsof112500MWhpe nnum Re va mpPu bl i cs e c t orba nks : Gove r nme ntha sl a unc he dI ndr a dha nus hpr ogr a mt oi mpr ovet hes t a t eofpubl i cs e c t orba nk Bus i ne s s : Mount i ngpr e s s ur e sf r omva r i ouss t a ke hol de r sa r ei mpe l l i ngbus i ne s s e st ot a ke pr oa c t i ves t e pst oe ns ur es us t a i na bi l i t yi nt he i rope r a t i ons Howe ve r ,t hepr ogr e s si snotve r y a ppe a l i ngi nc a s eofbi gbus i ne s s e s 2I ndi a nc ompa ni e swe r er a nke di nt het op200a nd10i n t het op500Gr e e nCompa ni e si nt hewor l di n2016.Thec ur r e ntgove r nme ntha sputal otof e mpha s i sonpr i va t e l yown e ds ma l l bus i ne s s e s TheMa kei nI n di ni t i a t i vea i mst oc ng et hee mpl oyme ntl a nds c a peoft he c ount r yt hr ou ghboos t i ngma nuf a c t ur i ngs e c t or FDIi nf l owsa r ehi ghe s ti nt hema nuf a c t ur i ng s e c t orf r om50pe rc e nti n2012t o62pe rc e nti n2014.Ski l lde ve l opme ntpr ogr a mme sa r e be i ngc onduc t e df ort hee nt i r eva l uec i nof ma nuf a c t ur i ng,s t a r t i ngf r omvi l l a gei ndus t r i e st os t a t e of t he a r tma nuf a c t ur i ngs e c t or s ,s uc h a se ngi ne e r i nga nda ut oc ompone nt s , a mongs e ve r a lot he r s Gove r nme ntofI ndi aha s s e ta t a r ge to ft r a i ni ng15mi l l i onyout hby2022 Thet r e ndofbus i ne s s e sa dopt i ngs us t a i na bi l i t y 18 pr a c t i c e si si nc r e a s i ngt hr ought hei mpe t usofi ni t i a t i ve sa dopt e dbyi ndus t r yor ga ni z a t i ons a ndgove r nme ntr e gul a t i ons Thi st r e ndi se xpe c t e dt or a pi dl yi nc r e a s ea sbus i ne s s e sbe c ome mor ei nf or me d Ci vi lSoc i e t y I ndi a ’ svi br a ntc i vi ls oc i e t yha sal onghi s t or yofs howi nga l t e r na t i vevi s i onsofs us t a i na bl e de ve l opme nta ndgr e e ne c onomy.Howe ve r ,wi t hi nc i vi ls oc i e t y,t he r ei sawi dedi s pa r i t y a boutwha tagr e e ne c onomyme a ns ,wha ti t ske ypr i nc i pl e sa ndobj e c t i ve sa r ea ndhowi tc a n bea c hi e ve d.Butby2025,t he‘ a f f l ue n t ’c ons ume rs e g me ntwi l lbe c omet hel a r ge s t , a c c ount i ngf o bout40%o fa l lI ndi a nc ons umpt i on,upf r oma bout26%i n2015 Ahuge s hi f ti sunde r wa yi nI ndi as oc i e t yf r oms pe ndi ngonne c e s s i t i e ss uc sf ooda ndc l ot hi ngt o c hoi c e ba s e ds pe ndi ngonc a t e gor i e ss uc shous e hol da ppl i a nc e sa ndr e s t a ur a nt s Hous e hol dst tc a na f f or ddi s c r e t i on a r yc ons umpt i onwi l lgr owf r om8mi l l i ont oda yt o94 mi l l i onby2025 Di gi t a lI ndi soneoft hebi gge s tdi s t or t i onsi nt her e c e ntI ndi a ’ st r a j e c t or y.Thet ot a lnumbe r ofI ndi a nswi t c c e s st oac e l l phonei sa l r e a dyc l os et oabi l l i on.Thenumbe rofpe opl ei nt he c ount r yt oda ywi t hI nt e r ne ta c c e s si sa l r e a dy300+mi l l i on,e xpe c t e dt or i s et o800+mi l l i on ove rt hene xtde c a de Thi sdi gi t a lde moc r a t i z a t i onwi l lha veapr of oundi mpa c tonhow I ndi a nss e e ,s e l e c t ,s t udy,s pe nd,s a ve ,s oc i a l i z ea nds e l l Di gi t a lt e c hnol ogi e swi l l f unda me nt a l l yc nget hen a t ur eoft he s ei nt e r a c t i ons Af f l ue ntI ndi a nc ons ume r s ,ove rt he l a s tt wode c a d e sha ver e c ogni z e dt hene e dt oma kemor es us t a i na bl ec hoi c e sa ndha ve be c omemor ee nvi r onme nt a l l yc ons c i ous The ya r ei n c r e a s i ngl yde ma ndi ngor ga ni ca nde c of r i e ndl ypr oduc t sa nddr i vi ngma nuf a c t ur e r st opr oduc et he m.Thec ount r y’ snumbe r es a i d t ot r i pl et oa r ound89mi l l i onhous e hol dsby2025 Thedome s t i cma r ke tf oror ga ni cpr oduc t s i sgr owi nga t2530%a ndi spr oj e c t e dt or e a c hUSD1 36bi l l i onby2020 Li mi t a t i onofgove r nme nt Thel a r ge rpe r c e pt i oni nI ndi aa mongbus i ne s s e sa ndpol i c yma ke r sr e ma i nst t e nvi r onme nt a lpr ot e c t i onc ome sa tt hec os tofe c onomi cgr owt ndde ve l opme nt Sus t a i n a bi l i t yi s s ue sa r es t i l lvi e we da saf a df ort her i c hr a t he rt ns ur vi va lf ort hepoor The t hi nki ngt tI ndi ac a nnota f f or dt o‘ pol l ut enow,c l e a nl a t e r ’ha ss t i l lnotga i ne dma i ns t r e a m a c c e pt a nc e Gr e e ni ngt hee c onomyi snotf ul l yr e c ogni z e da sat oolt oa c hi e ves oc i a l pr os pe r i t ya nde nvi r onme nt a ls us t a i na bi l i t y.The r ei sa ni ne s c a pa bl et r a de of fbe t we e n e nvi r onme nt a ls us t a i na bi l i t ya nde c onomi cpr ogr e s s I ndi aa nnounc e di t si nt e nt i ont ounve i li t s “ gr e e nGDP”f i gur e sa sf a rba c ka s2009.I n2013,a ne xpe r tgr oupunde ne mi ne nt e c onomi s ts ubmi t t e dt he i rr e por tc ont a i ni ngaf r a me wor kf orgr e e nna t i ona la c c ount s The s e f i gur e swe r et a r ge t e dt obepubl i s he df r om2015onwa r ds ,howe ve r ,duet oal a c kofmi c r o l e ve lda t aonna t ur a lc a pi t a l ,l a c kofbudge t sa ndt hec ompl e xi t yoft hee xe r c i s e ,t hepr oc e s s sbe e nputonhol d Se c t or wi s et r a ns i t i ont ogr e e ngr owt h Agr i c ul t ur e Theor ga ni cf a r mi ngs e c t ori nI ndi aha sbe e nunde r go i ngat r a ns f or ma t i onove rt hepa s tf e w ye a r sa sar e s ul tofma nyne wve nt ur e st tha vedi s r upt e dt hema r ke t Or ga ni cf a r mi ngwa s gi ve ne mpha s i si nt he2017Uni onbudge t 28I n2015,Si kki mwa sna me dt hef i r s tf ul l y 19 or ga ni cs t a t ei nt hec ount r y Thi si si ns pi r e sma nyot h e rs t a t egove r nme nt st omovei nt he s a medi r e c t i on.Agr i c ul t ur ei sbe c omi nguna t t r a c t i vea sl i ve l i hoods e c t or Ave r a gel oa n a mountout s t a ndi ngf oraf a r mhous e hol di nI ndi at oda yi sI NR47, 000,whi c hi sa ne xt r e me l y he a vybur de n.Di s pa r i t i e sofgr owt hi nc ompa r i s ont oot he rs e c t or sa r ea ppa l l i ng.I n1970, t hemi ni mums uppor tpr i c e( MSP)f orwhe a tgi ve nt of a r me r swa sI NR76pe rqui nt a l By 2015,t heMSPf orwhe a tha di nc r e a s e dame r e19t i me s ,t oI NR1, 450pe rqui nt a l I nt he s a mepe r i od,t heba s i cs a l a r y( pl usde a r ne s sa l l owa nc e )ofgove r nme nte mpl oye e sha s i nc r e a s e dbya smuc s150t i me s ,f orc ol l e get e a c he r sa nduni ve r s i t ypr of e s s or sbya smuc h a s170t i me s ,f ors c hoolt e a c he r sbyupt o320t i me sa ndf ort opc or por a t ee xe c ut i ve sbya whoppi ng1, 000t i me Se ve r a lme a s ur e sha vebe e nt a ke nbyThegove r nme ntr e c e nt l yt o i mpr ovea nds uppor tf a r me r s ’l i ve l i hoods ,e s pe c i a l l ys ma l lf a r me r s( 85pe rc e ntoft het ot a l f a r me r si nI ndi aa r es ma l la ndma r gi na l ) The s ei nc l ude ,r a i s i ngMi ni mums uppor tPr i c e s ( MSP) ,i mpr o vi nga c c e s st oc r e di t ,de ve l opme ntofc l i ma t er e s i l i e nts e e dsa swe l la ss ome t e c hnol ogi c a li nt e r ve nt i onsl i kepr ovi di ngSoi lHe a l t hCa r d( SHC)s of a r me r sc a nj udget he s t a t eoft he i rs oi l s Thegove r nme nth a ss e tat a r ge tt odoubl ef a r me ri nc omeby2020 Cons t r uc t i on Thec ons t r uc t i ons e c t ori spa r t i c ul a r l yr e s our c ei nt e ns i ve :i tr e pr e s e nt s30%ofI ndi a n e l e c t r i c i t yc ons umpt i on,&hi ghma t e r i a lf oot pr i nt About2t o3%ofa l lc ons t r uc t i oni nI ndi a i sgr e e n,whi c hi sc ompa r a bl et ot heUni t e dSt a t e s 31Fl ya s hut i l i s a t i oni nt hec ons t r uc t i on s e c t orha swi t ne s s e das t e a dyupwa r dt r e nd.Ac c or di ngt oMi ni s t r yofEnvi r onme nt ,For e s t s , a ndCl i ma t eCha nge ,f l ya s hut i l i s a t i oni nt hec ount r ywa s57 63%i n2014a ga i ns t13 51%i n 1999 Ma nypr i va t ec ompa ni e sa r ec omi ngupwi t hi nnova t i ves ol ut i ons Wi pr os a ve s40% e ne r gywo r t hI NR10mi l l i onona17 5, 000s qua r ef e e tbui l di nge ve r yye a r Godr e js a ve s63% e ne r gywo r t hI NR0 9mi l l i one ne r gywor t hr upe e sona20, 000s qua r ef e e tbui l di nge ve r y ye a r Mode lBui l di ngBye La ws -2016ma nda t e st ta l lbui l di ngsonva r i ouspl ots i z e sa bove 100s qua r eme t r e s l lc ompl ywi t ht hegr e e nnor ms Ene r gy Ac c or di ngt oar e por tbyt h eUNEnvi r onme ntPr ogr a m( UNEP)I ndi awa sr a nke ds e ve nt hi n t hewor l di nt e r msofi nve s t me nti ns us t a i na bl ee ne r gy.Unde rt heNa t i ona lSol a rMi s s i on,t he Gove r nme ntpl a nst oge ne r a t e20, 000MW ofs ol a rpo we rby2022i nt hr e epha s e s ,wi t h2000 MW c a pa c i t ye qui va l e ntof f –gr i ds ol a ppl i c a t i ons 33 I n2016,t hewor l d’ sl a r ge s ts ol a rpl a nt wa sunve i l e di nTa mi lNa duwi t hac a pa c i t yof648MW Ma nuf a c t ur i ng Gr e e nma n uf a c t ur i ngi nI nd i ss t i l la tt het a ke –of fs t a ge Whi l et he r eha sbe e ns i gni f i c a nt pol i c yde ve l opme nta nda dopt i onbyt hema nuf a c t ur i n gi ndus t r yi nt hea r e aofgr e e ne ne r gy, t he r ei ss ubs t a nt i a ls c opeonbot ht hepol i c yf r onta ndi t sa dopt i oni nt hea r e a sofgr e e n pr oduc t sa ndgr e e npr oc e s s e s TheI ndi a nma nuf a c t ur i ngs e c t orha sal ongwa yt ogo.Eve nt hemor ea dva nc e da mongs tt he I ndi a ns t e e lpr oduc e r sc ons umemor et n20%hi ghe rgi ga j oul e spe rt onofhotme t a li nt he i r onma ki ngs t a gea sc ompa r e dt ot he i dva nc e dChi ne s ec ount e r pa r t s ,a ndove r70%mor e gi ga j oul e spe rt onc ompa r e dt oa dva nc e dwe s t e r nEur ope a npr oduc e r Howe ve r ,a l t hought he c ount r y’ sma nuf a c t ur i nge xpor t sa r egr owi ng,i t sma nuf a c t ur i ngs e c t orge ne r a t e sj us t16 pe r c e ntofI ndi a ’ sGDP—muc hl e s st nt he55pe r c e ntf r oms e r vi c e s 35Re a l i z e da ti t sf ul l 20 pot e nt i a l ,ma nuf a c t ur i ngc oul dge ne r a t e25t o30pe r c e ntofGDPby2025a ndc r e a t e60 mi l l i ont o90mi l l i onne wj obsi nt hec ount r y Tr a ns por t a t i on Agr owi ngt r e ndi nI ndi a ’ st r a ns por t a t i ons e c t ort oda yi st hegr owt hofonde ma nd t r a ns por t a t i ona ndc a r pool i ngpl a t f or ms The s ea r epa r t i c ul a r l ypopul a ri nur ba na r e a sa nda r e e xpe c t e dt ogr owe xpone nt i a l l ya sI nt e r ne tpe ne t r a t i oni mpr ove s Gi ve nt hel owowne r s hi pof pe r s ona lc a r si nI ndi a ,t hi st r e ndmi ghtnotr e ve r s et het r e ndofr i s i ngc a rowne r s hi phowe ve r ; i twi l le ns ur ei mpr ove dut i l i z a t i ona ndc r e a t ene wj obs Si nc e2016,UBERPOOLha s r e por t e ds a ve dove r32mi l l i onkmofve hi c l et r a f f i c ,o ve r1 5mi l l i onl i t r e soff ue la nd r e duc e de mi s s i onswor t h3 5mi l l i onk g37.Thec ur r e ntpa t t e r nsa ndt r e ndsoft r a ns por t a t i on i nourc i t i e sa r ee xt r e me l ye ne r gyi nt e ns i vea ndhi ghl yuns us t a i na bl e Ac c or di ngt oa2011 s t udyc onduc t e dbyt heCe nt r a lPol l ut i onCont r olBoa r d( CPCB)f ors i xc i t i e s — De l hi , Ka npur ,Be nga l ur u,Pune ,Che nna i ,a ndMumba i ,t her oa dt r a ns por ts e c t ori sr e s pons i bl ef ora ma j or i t yofNOXa nd30%t o50%ofPM e mi s s i onsi nt he s ec i t i e s Anot he rs t udybyTERI br i ngsf or wa r dt tt her oa dt r a ns por ts e c t orc ont r i but e sa bout15%t o50%oft hePM2 e mi s s i onsi nc i t i e sa ndi sadomi na ntc ont r i but ort oNOxe mi s s i ons 38 Howe ve r ,c ompr e s s e d na t ur a lga s –powe r e dve hi c l e si nI ndi aa l s oi nc r e a s e d30pe r c e ntove r2009,t or e a c h1mi l l i on i n2010 Re s ul t s Weha vet o okt heda t aa so ft hei ndi c a t orofgr e e ne c onomya spe rOECDgr e e ngr owt h i ndi c a t or s I ndi c a t or sofgr e e ne c onomy 1) Ec onomi ct r a ns f or ma t i on 2) Re s our c e se f f i c i e nc y 3) Huma nDe ve l opme nt i ndi c a t or sofr e s our c e se f f i c i e nc y TABLENU TOTALRNEWABLE ELCTRI CI TYGENERATI ON   s r I NBI LLI ONKW I NDI ANPOPULATI ON no Ye a r HOURS I NCR PCREGENERATI ON 200001 77 101 200102 77 102 20023 2003 68 104 20034 2004 63 105 20045 2005 80 106 21 76 75 65 76 85 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 20052006 20062007 20072008 20082009 20092010 20102011 20112012 20122013 20132014 20142015 20152016 90 108 101 109 109 112 123 113 118 133 114 109 125 116 105 123 117 115 135 119 135 160 121 133 166 122 136 174 123 141 182 130 140 Wor l dWa l ka ndr unt hr ou ghe ne r gy, t he r e f or ea l lc ount r i e sha sbe e ne nga gi ngi ne ne r gya nd e l e c t r i c i t yge ne r a t i onhe l pofna t ur a lr e s our c e sl i kec oa l ,oi l ,ga s , t i mbe re t c , Butt hi s c onve nt i ona le ne r gyi sha r mf ult oe nvi r onme nta nde c os ys t e ms e r vi c e sofr e s pe c t i vec ount r y He nc e ,t oda yt he r ei sne e dt obege ne r a t e dt hec l e a norhe a l t hye ne r gyf ors us t a i na bl e de ve l opme ntoft heWor l d.Abovet a bl er e ve a l e dt heda t aa boutt ot a lr e ne wa bl ee l e c t r i c i t y ge ne r a t i oni nI ndi a I ts howst tunt i l2002a nde xc e pt i ng2008,09&2012;r e ne wa bl e e l e c t r i c i t yge ne r a t i ons t a t usha sbe e ngood,e ve nt he i rc ompoundgr owt hr a t ewa sa tpos i t i ve 7pe rc e nta nda ve r a ge l yge ne r a t e d124Bi l l i onKi l owa t tHour s i fwec ompa r et her e ne wa bl e e l e c t r i c i t yge ne r a t i onwi t hgr owi ngpo pul a t i ont he nwec omeove rt hegr owt hofr e ne wa bl e e l e c t r i c i t yi shi ghe rt ngr owt hofI ndi a nPopul a t i ont he r e f or e ;pe rc a pi t ae l e c t r i c i t yha sbe e n s howi ngac on t i nuousi nc r e a s e I ti nc r e a s e df r om77Khri n2000t o140Khri n2015duet o t e c hnol ogi c a la ndi ndus t r i a lde ve l opme nti nI ndi a Av e r a ge l y,108Khrpe rc a pi t ar e ne wa bl e e ne r gyha si nc r e a s e d.Butonl ya t5pe rc e ntc ompoundgr owt hr a t ei sf oundi nr e s pe c tt ope r c a pi t ar e ne wa bl ee l e c t r i c i t yge ne r a t i oni nI ndi a I nc onc l us i on,pe r f or ma nc eofr e ne wa bl e e l e c t r i c i t yge ne r a t i onofI ndi aha sbe e ni mpr ovi ngye a rbyye a r Fort t ,wes houl dha r dwor kf ori nc r e a s i ngs r eofr e ne wa bl ee ne r gyi nt ot a le l e c t r i c i t y ge ne r a t i oni nI ndi a TABLENU NATURALRESOURCEDEPLATI ON s r no Ye a r %ofGNI NETANNUAL%CHANGE 22 1200001 83 2200102 72 11 320022003 69 03 420032004 73 04 520042005 86 13 620052006 02 16 720062007 62 820072008 04 42 920082009 55 51 1020092010 01 54 1120102011 19 18 1220112012 26 07 1320122013 23 03 1420132014 14 09 1520142015 12 98 1620152016 22 Re s our c ede pl e t i onme a nst hec ons umpt i onofar e s ou r c ef a s t e rt ni tc a nber e pl e ni s he d Na t ur a lr e s our c e sa r ec ommonl ydi vi d e dbe t we e nr e ne wa bl er e s our c e sa ndnonr e ne wa bl e r e s our c e s He r e ,wewa ntt heme a ni ngofNa t ur a lr e s o ur c ede pl e t i oni st hes umofne tf or e s t de pl e t i on,e ne r gyde pl e t i on,a ndmi ne r a lde pl e t i on.Ne tf or e s tde pl e t i oni suni tr e s our c er e nt s t i me st hee xc e s sofr oundwoodha r ve s tove rna t ur a lg r owt h.Ene r gyde pl e t i oni st her a t i oof 23 t heva l ueoft hes t oc kofe ne r gyr e s our c e st ot her e ma i ni ngr e s e r vel i f e t i me( c a ppe da t25 ye a r s ) I tc ove r sc oa l ,c r udeoi l ,a ndna t ur a lga s Mi ne r a lde pl e t i oni st her a t i ooft heva l ueof t hes t oc kofmi ne r a lr e s our c e st ot her e ma i ni ngr e s e r v el i f e t i me( c a ppe da t25ye a r s ) I tc ove r s t i n,gol d,l e a d,z i nc ,i r on,c oppe r ,ni c ke l ,s i l ve r ,ba uxi t e ,a ndphos pha t e Abovet a bl es hows t tpe r c e nt a geofna t ur a lr e s our c ede pl e t i oni nI ndi a I n2000,na t ur a lr e s our c e sde pl e t ea t 83pe r c e n tofGNIa ndt he nt hi sde pl e t i onr a t eha sbe e ngr a dua l l yi nc r e a s i ngunt i l2008t he n i tgoe sdon ei nt heye a rof2 009,2012a nd2013.Exc e pt i ngt he s eye a r s ,s l owl yde pl e t i onr a t e si nc r e a s i ngs t i l lnow.Ri ghtc ol umnoft a bl es howst ta nnua lpe r c e nt a gec ngeof r e s our c e sde pl e t i oni nI ndi a Wema ys e et tmos tofpos i t i vepe r c e nt a gec nge sf oundi n ye a r s2008&2010a ndne g a t i vepe r c e nt a gec nge sf oundi n2001,2002,2009,2012& 2013.Butwes houl dke e pi nmi nd,po s i t i vepe r c e nt a gec nge ss howst tmor er e s our c e s e xpl oi t a t i onb yc i t i z e nvi c eve r s ane ga t i vepe r c e nt a gec nge ss howi ngt ti mpr ove dt he c ondi t i onofna t ur a l r e s our c e ,me a nsl owe rde pl e t eofna t ur a lr e s our c ei nr e s pe c t i veye a r s Ove r a l lpi c t ur eof Na t ur a lr e s our c e sr e pl e t i oni ss howi ngt tc ompoundgr owt hr a t eof3pe c e ntSi mi l a r l y, na t ur a lr e s our c ede pl e t i onha sbe e n3 51a ve r a gepe r c e nt a geofGNI I ndi c a t or sofpr oduc t i vi t y Ta bl en o.3 Agr i c ul t ur a lr a wma t e r i a le xpor t s r e xpor t Ne ta nnua lpe r c e nt a ge no Ye a r pe r c e nt a ge c nge 200001 26 200102 14 12 20023 2003 06 08 20034 2004 08 02 20045 2005 012 20056 2006 27 07 20067 2007 72 45 20078 2008 98 45 20089 2009 74 26 200910 2010 16 26 201011 2011 01 58 201112 2012 83 85 201213 2013 95 18 14 20132 06 24 2014 201415 2015 201516 2016 57 12 03 11 Agr i c ul t ur eha sbe e nba c kb oneofI nd i a nEc onomybe c a us ebe f or et hei nde pe nde nc epe r i od a nda f t e rt h et wode c a de sofi nde pe nde nc e ,s r eofa gr i c ul t ur es e c t ori nt ot a lGDPwa s a bove60pe r c e nt Si mi l a r l y,s r eofa gr i c ul t ur ei nt o t a lme r c ndi s ee xpor t sa l s oe s s e nt i a l f ori mpr ovi ngt heba l a nc eo ft r a de The r e f or e ,t hi ss t u dyi si mpor t a ntf orc r i t i c a la na l ys i sof r ol ea gr i c u l t ur ei nnotonl yme r c ndi s ee xpor t sbuta l s oe c onomi ca nds oc i a lde ve l opme nt Be s i de ,a gr i c u l t ur ei spur e l ypol l ut i onf r e ea ndha z a r dl e s soc c upa t i on.Re s ul t i ng,i tha sbe e n gi vi ngi mpor t a ntc ont r i but i oni na t t a i ni nggr e e ngr owt ndgr e e ne c onomyobj e c t i ve s I n r e s pe c tt oI ndi a ,s i nc el ongpe r i od;I ndi aha sbe e ne xpor t i nga gr i c ul t ur a lr a wma t e r i a lt o Eur ope a nc ount r i e s He r e , wea na l yz et hepe r f or ma nc eofa gr i c ul t ur es e c t orwi t ht hehe l pof t a bl eno 4.I tr e l e a s e sda t aa boutAg r i c ul t ur a lRa wMa t e r i a lExpor tbyI ndi a I n2000,outof t ot a l1 26pe r c e nts r ewa si nt ot a lme r c ndi s ee xpor t Dur i ngt hes t udype r i odofr e s e a r c h, i t spe r c e nt a ges r eha sbe e ni nc r e a s i nga ve r a ge l ya t1 57.But e xc e pt i ngs omeye a r s ,i n201011,201314&201516s r eofa gr i c ul t ur er a wma t e r i a le xpor ti nt ot a le xpor tha sr i s e Dur i ngt hes t udype r i od,c oe f f i c i e nto fva r i a t i ons e e nnor ma l l ya t25%t he ni t ss r eha sbe e n i nc r e a s i nga t4 00pe r c e nt( C G R) Conc l us i on,s r eofa gr i c ul t ur a lr a wma t e r i a le xpor tha s be e ns t e a di l ygr owi ng.I nc o ns i de r a t i o nofi twi l lha vehe l pe dt oa t t a i nt heobj e c t i veofgr e e n e c omomy TABLENO s r no 10 11 12 ENERGYUSE KGOFOI LEQUI VALNTPER Ye a r CAPI TA Ne ta nnua lpe r c e nt a gec nge 200001 438 200102 438 20022003 444 20032004 448 20042005 466 20052006 479 20062007 498 20072008 512 20082009 538 20092010 585 20102011 599 2011616 2012 25 13 14 15 16 20122013 20132014 20142015 20152016 637 643 661 679 I nt heMo de r ni z a t i on,e ne r gypl a ysmos ti mpor t a ntr ol ei ni nc l us i vea nds us t a i na bl e de ve l opme ntofa r oundt hewor l dofhuma ns I nt hea bovet a bl e ,Ene r gyc onc e ptpr e pa r e dor f r a me df r omva r i ouss our c e sofpr i ma r ye ne r gyl i keCoa l ,pe t r ol e um,a ndna t ur a lga sa r e f os s i lf ue l s ,a nda l s ononr e ne wa bl er e s our c e s Unde rt hepr i nc i pa la r e aofr e s our c ee f f i c i e nc y; t he s epr i ma r yna t ur a lr e s our c e ss houl dbeus e dpe r f e c t l yorf ul l ywi t houtwa s t e of a nypa r tof r e s pe c t i ves our c eofe ne r gy Toda yt he s ee ne r gyr e s our c e sha vebe e nde pl e t i ngf a s tt ome e t t her e qui r e me nt sofi ndus t r ya ndt r a ns por t a t i on.Tha tme a ns ,wema yc omeove rt he c onc l us i onoft hos ec ount r i e sha sbe e nus i nghi ghe rna t ur a lr e s our c e sofe ne r gy,t hos egone ont opofe c onomi c ,s oc i a la ndc ul t ur a lde ve l opme nt Vi c e ve r s at hos ec ount r i e sha sus e dl e s s e ne r gyc ompa r e dt ode ve l ope dc ount r i e sl i keUSA,Aus t r a l i a ,Nor wa ye t c r e a l i z e dl e s s de ve l opme nta nda c hi e ve dl owgr owt h.The r e f or e ,c onve nt i ona ls our c e sofe ne r gyc a nnotbe ne gl e c t e d,i ti si mpe r a t i vet ode ve l oppr ogr a mme si nt hea r e aofr e ne wa bl es our c e s ,a st he y notonl yhe l pc ons e r ves c a r c ec onve nt i ona ls our c e sofe ne r gybutc ont r i but ei mme ns e l yt oa f or e s t a t i on,i mpr ove me ntoft hee nvi r onme nt ,e mpl oyme ntge ne r a t i on,upgr a da t i onofhe a l t h a ndhygi e ne ,s oc i a la ndwo me n‟ swe l f a r e ,pr ovi s i onofwa t e rf ora gr i c ul t ur ea nddr i nki ng, a ndbi of e r t i l i z e rpr oduc t i o n Abovet a bl es howst hed a t aa boutpe rc a pi t ae ne r gyus e( kgof Oi lEqui va l e nt )i nI ndi a I n2000,a nnua lpe rc a pi t ae n e r gyus ewa s438kg,t he na f t e rt he2001 gr a dua l l yr a t eofpe rc a pi t ae ne r gyus eha sbe e ngr owi ngupt opr e s e ntye a r2016.I nt he pr e s e nt ,a va i l a bi l i t yofe ne r gyi s679Kgpe rc a pi t a Conc l us i onoft hi sde s c r i pt i oni st t c ompoundgr owt hofa nnua la va i l a bi l i t yofe ne r gyi nI ndi adur i ngt hes t udype r i odi sa t pos i t i v e3p e rc e nta nda ve r a gea va i l a bi l i t yofe ne r gyi nI ndi s543Kgpe rc a pi t a Va r i a t i on i sa l s onor ma l l ys e e na t16pe rc e nt( C V)dur i ngs t ud ype r i od.Ul t i ma t e l y,pe rc a pi t ae ne r gy sbe e ns t e a di l yr i s i nga t3%CGR.Thi si sve r ypos i t i vet hi ngf orde ve l opi ngI ndi at o a c qui r es us t a i na bi l i t yi ne c onomi cde ve l opme nta ndg r owt h I ndi c a t or sofhuma nde ve l opme nt TABLENO s r no Ye a r 200001 200102 20022003 20032004 20042005 20052006 20062007 20072008 20082009 LI FEEXPECTANCYATBI RTH TOTALAGEI N ANNUALPARCENTAGE YEARS CHANGE 62 63 63 63 64 64 64 65 65 26 61 0 58 0 56 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 20092010 20102011 20112012 20122013 20132014 20142015 20152016 65 66 66 66 66 67 67 53 0 51 Abovei nd i c a t or sofl i f ee xpe c t a nya tbi r t hi se s s e nt i a lf ora c c ount i ngt her e a li nf l ue nc e sof de ve l opme ntonhuma nl i f es t a nda r di nr e s pe c t i vec ou nt r i e s He a l t hya ndLongl i f ec a nbe obt a i ne dt hr oughgr e e na nds us t a i na bl ede ve l opme nto fa r oundt her e s pe c t i vea r e aofhuma n s oc i e t y.Fo re xa mpl e ,pe opl eofNor wa y,Aus t r a l i aa ndNe t he r l a ndha vel ongl i f ec ompa r a t i ve t oI ndi a The r e f or e ,wema yc omeove rt oc onc l us i onofge t t i ngt hel ongl i f et oc i t i z e nof r e s pe c t i vec ount r yi sbe s ti ndi c a t orofphys i c a lde ve l opme ntofgr e e ne c onomy Abovet a bl e no 5s howst te xpe c t e dt ot a ll i f eo fI ndi a npe opl ei nr e s pons et oi mpl e me nt a t i onofgr e e n de ve l opme ntmode lf ori nc l us i vea nds us t a i na bl ede ve l opme ntofI ndi a ne c onomy.I n2000, l i f ewa s62ye a r sofI ndi a npe opl et he ni tha sbe e ngr a dua l l yi nc r e a s i ngupt o67i n201516 Dur i ngt hi ss t udype r i odc ompoundgr owt hr a t eofl i f ee xpe c t a nc yi sve r yme a ge t0 49pe r c e ntbutpos i t i ve Mor e ove r ,c oe f f i c i e ntofva r i a t i ona l s of oundve r ynor ma la t2pe r c e nt Ul t i ma t e l y,wec a nt e l la bouta ve r a gel i f eofI ndi a ni s65ye a rdur i ngt hes e l e c t e ds t udy pe r i od Phys i c a la ndMe nt a lor i e nt e dLa bour ‟ swor ke f f i c i e nc yul t i ma t e l yde pe ndont he i r bodyf i t ne s sa ndgoodhe a l t hbe c a us ei f ,l a bour sne i t he rphys i c a l l yf i tnorhe a l t hyf orwor k, r e s ul twi l ls howt tnotonl ymi c r ol e ve lbuta l s oma c r ol e ve lpr oduc t i onwoul dde c l i ne Mor e ove r , ma nyr e s e a r c he sha sde mons t r a t e dt tmor es i gni f i c a ntr e l a t i ons hi pbe t we e n l a bourhe a l t ndi ndus t r i a lpr oduc t i onl e ve l ,i nc omel e ve l ,s t a nda r dofl i vi ngofl a bourof r e s pe c t i vef i r m,i ndus t r y,orc ount r y.The r e f or e ,s t udyofhe a l t hore xpe ndi t ur eont he m; s houl dbei mpor t a ntf ora c c ount i ngt hegr e e npe r f or ma nc eofr e s pe c t i vea r e a Abovet a bl e s howst hec hr onol ogi c a lt o t a lhe a l t he xpe ndi t ur e( Publ i c+Pr i va t e )onI ndi a nc i t i z e n.Ta bl e f i gur e ss ho wi ngi npe r c e nt a get ot ot a le xpe ndi t ur eofI ndi a Ac c or di ngt opur es c i e nt i s ta nd s oc i a ls c i e nt i s t ,a bovepe r c e nt a geofe xpe ndi t ur eonh e a l t hi snots i gni f i c a ntc ompa r a t i vet o pr e s e ntpopul a t i ons t a t usa ndt he i rgr owt h.Howbe i t ,s t udya boutgove r nme nte xpe ndi t ur eon t he i rc i t i z e ns houl dbei mpor t a ntf ore va l ua t et hepr e s e nts c he me sofs oc i a lwe l f a r e He nc e , a bovet a bl ehe l pst ounde r s t a ndi ngt h et r e ndofgove r n me nte xpe ndi t ur eonHe a l t h.I n2000, gove r nme ntha de xpe nde da t4 31pe r c e nts r eoft ot a le xpe ndi t ur e Butt hi spe r c e nt a ge s r es l owl yd e c l i ne dupt o2006a nds pe e di l yde c l i na t i onofe xpe ndi t ur eonhe a l t h,i n201516,gove r nme nts pe ntonl y3 67pe r c e nt a ges r eonI ndi a nhe a l t hs e r vi c eoutoft ot a l e xpe ndi t ur e Conc l us i ona ndr e c omme nda t i ons Att heUNConf e r e nc eonSus t a i na bl eDe ve l opme nt ,2012( Ri o+20Conf e r e nc e ) ,t heGr e e n Ec onomya ppr oa c hwa se ndor s e da sa ni mpor t a ntt oolf ors us t a i na bl ede ve l opme nta nd pove r t ye r a di c a t i onwhe r et he s et wogoa l swoul dpe r me a t ea l lt hr e epi l l a r sofs us t a i na bl e de ve l opme nt Thene wc onc e pts e t sa s i det hec ommonmi s c onc e pt i onoft r a de of fbe t we e n e c onomi cde ve l opme nta nde nvi r onme nt a ls t e wa r ds hi p,be c a us ea l lhuma na c t i vi t yde pe nds ont hee xi s t e nc eofar e s pon s i bl ef r a me wor kf orus i nge nvi r onme nt a la s s e t s ,whi c hi smor e t r uea boutt hepoor e s tpopul a t i onsa st he yde pe nddi s pr opor t i ona t e l yont hee c ol ogi c a l c ommonsb ot hf orl i ve l i hoodsa ndf orc ons umpt i on.Duet ot hehi ghe rvul ne r a bi l i t yt o 27 pot e nt i a le c onomi ca nds oc i a li mpa c t sofe nvi r onme nt a lde gr a da t i on,i ft hede ve l opi ng c ount r i e sc ont i nuet of ol l owt hes a mepa t ht oe c onomi c pr os pe r i t ya sdi dbyt hede ve l ope d c ount r i e s ,t he i ri nc r e a s i nge mi s s i onswi l lc a us es e r i ousc l i ma t epr obl e mse ve nt hought he y pr e s e nt l yha vemi nors r e si ngl oba lGHGse mi s s i ons The r ea r emi l e st ogot oa c hi e vea l l t het a r g e t sofMDGse ve nl ya c r os st hewor l d.I ndi a ’ sr e ma r ka bl egr owt hunde rl i be r a l i s a t i on, pr i va t i s a t i ona ndgl oba l i s a t i onpr oc e s sha sbe e nc l oude dbyade gr a di ngqua l i t yof e nvi r onme nt ,gr owi ngs c a r c i t yofna t u r a lr e s our c e sa ndi ne qua l i t y– i Thef ut ur eofa g r i c ul t ur e ,whi c hpr ovi de sl i ve l i hoodof58pe rc e ntofI ndi a n popul a t i on,i st hr e a t e ne dbyl os sofbi odi ve r s i t ya nde c os ys t e ms e r vi c e s ,de pl e t i on a n de r os i onoft ops oi lnut r i e nt s ,s c a r c i t yoff r e s hwa t e r ,a ggr a va t e dwa t e rpol l ut i on c a us e dbypoornut r i e ntma na ge me nt ,ha z a r dousc he mi c a lr e l e a s e ,r i s i ng gr e e nhous ega s e s( GHGs )e mi s s i onsa ndd i s pos a lofwa s t e ,unde rt hebus i ne s s a s us ua ls c e na r i o; i i I ndi a nc i t i e sa r epl a gue db ypoorba s i cs e r vi c e sf orgr owi ngur ba npopul a t i ona nd c o ns e que ntpr obl e msofwa s t ema na ge me nt ; i i i I ndi a ’ shi ghCO2e mi s s i on sgr owt hde s pi t ei t sl ows r ei nwor l de ne r gyde ma nd; i v I na de qua c yi na c c e s st omode r ne ne r gys e r vi c e sl e a dst ol os sofe mpl oyme nt oppor t uni t i e s ,ne ga t i vehe a l t he f f e c t s ,ne ga t i vee f f e c tonvul ne r a bl egr oupsof s oc i e t y v I nc r e a s e dvol ume soft r a dea ndr e s ul t a ntuns us t a i na bl el e ve l sofr e s our c e sa nd i nc r e a s e dGHGse mi s s i on s vi Amor es us t a i na bl ea ndc l e a ne re nvi r onme nti n I ndi awi l ls e ege ne r a t i onofdowns t r e a mj obst oma kei tal owc a r bonGr e e n Ec onomy vi Re a pi ngpos i t i vee xt e r na l i t i e si npr oduc t i o nofe ne r gya ndr e s our c ee f f i c i e ntf or i nt e r na t i ona lgr e e nt r a def orI ndi a vi i Su s t a i na bl ef a r mi ngpr a c t i c e si nc r e a s ef ooda va i l a bi l i t ya ndf oods e c ur i t y,r e duc e pove r t y vi i i Mi ddl ec l a s sc ons ume r swi l lgr ows i gni f i c a nt l yby2030,whi c hwoul dput pr e s s ur eonr e s o ur c e sa ndpoi nt st ot hene e dofs hi f tt obe t t e rc ons umpt i onpa t t e r n wi t hs us t a i na bl epr oduc t i ona ndr e s our c eut i l i s a t i on i x Wa s t ema na ge me nta ndr e c yc l i ngma ybepr ove dt obedi f f i c ul tf ort he de ve l opi ngc ount r i e sl i keI ndi at oha ndl et hi si nt hei ni t i a ls t a gea st he yl a c k c o mpa r a t i vea dv a nt a ge sa n dne e dc a pa c i t ybui l di ngi nt hi sa r e a x Thec ompos i t i onofgoodsa nds e r vi c e spr oduc e dde pe ndone nvi r onme nt a l l y e f f i c i e nt c ons umpt i onpa t t e r nswhi c r e ,i nt ur n,hi ghl yi nf l ue nc e dbyt he di s t r i but i onof i nc ome swo r l dwi dea ndwi t hi nc ount r i e s Thec or epr obl e mof i nc omei ne qua l i t yi nI ndi aha snotbe e nr e s ol ve d,s oi tr e qui r e se qui t a bl e di s t r i but i onofi nc omef orme e t i ngt hes us t a i na bl ede ve l opme ntobj e c t i ve s xi The r ea r ea mpl ee vi de nc e sofmi s a l l oc a t i o nofc a pi t a li nt heuns us t a i na bl es e c t or s i nI ndi a–pr ope r t y,f os s i lf ue l s ,a nds t r uc t ur e df i na nc i a la s s e t sbutl owi nve s t me nt i nr e ne wa bl ee ne r gy,e ne r g ye f f i c i e nc y,publ i ct r a ns por t a t i on,s us t a i na bl e 28 a g r i c ul t ur e ,a ndl a nda ndwa t e rc ons e r va t i on)c a us i ngr e pr oduc t i onofr i s ksa nd pe r pe t ua t i onoft hes a me Thus ,e nvi r onme nt a ls us t a i na bi l i t yi sbe c omi nga gr owi ngc l l e ngea l ongt heI ndi a ’ spr oj e c t e dgr owt ht r a j e c t or y,a ndt hus ,al owe mi s s i on,r e s our c e e f f i c i e n tgr e e ni ngoft hee c onomi cs t r a t e gyi sne e de d.Whi l ei t ma yc omea tas l i ght l yhi ghe rpr i c et a gf ort hee c onomybuti tpr omi s e st ode l i ve r gr e a t e rbe ne f i t swi t hde c r e a s ei nc a r bone mi s s i onsr a t e s ,pove r t yl e ve l sa ndgr e a t e r l oc a le nvi r onme nt a lpr ot e c t i on.Theba s i ce qui t yi s s uet ti sne e de dt obe a d dr e s s e de ve nt ua l l yi st hef a i l l oc a t i ono fr i ght st ot hes c a r c er e s our c e sf r om gl oba lc ommons ,i nt hef a c eofl i mi t e dyi e l dsofc ommonr e ne wa bl er e s our c e sa nd l i mi t e da bs or pt i vec a pa c i t yofgl oba le c os ys t e msf orpol l ut i on Thef i r s tr e s e a r c ns we ri ndi c a t e st hepe r i l soff ol l owi ngI ndi a ’ sgr owt hl e d de ve l opme nts t r a t e gy.Thes e c ondr e s e a r c ns we rgi ve sde t a i l sofoppor t uni t i e si n f ol l owi ngt heGr e e nEc onomypa t hi nor de rt ome e tI ndi a ’ sgoa lofa c hi e vi ngi nc l us i ve a nds us t a i na bl ede ve l opme nt I tc a n,t he r e f or e ,bec onc l ude dt tgi ve nt hema j or i t y s r eo funs us t a i na bl epr oduc t i ona nda s s oc i a t e dt e c hnol ogi c a lc r a c t e r i s t i c s ,t he r ei s ur ge ntne e df orapol i c ys hi f tf org r e e nr e f or mst oe na bl eI ndi at oa c hi e ves us t a i ne da nd s us t a i na bl ede ve l opme nt The r ea r e ,ofc our s e ,di s c e r ni bl ec onc e r nsl i kel a c kofa i df l ow a ndr e s t r i c t i vee nvi r onme nt a lt r a deme a s ur e sf ord e ve l opi ngc ount r i e sl i keI ndi awhi l e t r e a di ngt hepa t ht owa r dsGr e e nEc onomy.Howe v e r ,r ul e ba s e dmul t i l a t e r a lpol i c i e sa nd obs e r va nc eofdi f f e r e nt i a t e dr e s po ns i bi l i t i e sa tt hei nt e r na t i ona ll e ve lbya l lc ount r i e sc a n mi t i ga t emos toft he s epr obl e ms Thuse f f or t si nbot ht hena t i ona la ndi nt e r na t i ona lf r ont s a r ene e de di nt r ues pi r i t Fut ur es c ope Aspe rc ur r e ntt r e ndi nI ndi a ne c onomya swe l la swor l de c onomyt hene c e s s i t yofgr e e n e c onomywi l la l wa ysr i s ei nf ut ur ebe c a us ei ti smos te s s e nt i a lt hi ngi nhuma nde ve l opme nt I nne xt5t o10ye a r st hegr e e ngr owt hwi l lbec ompul s or yf ore ve r yna t i ons ot obepr e pa r e d wene e dt os t udyt hegr e e ngr owt hf r omnow a l lt hede ve l ope da ndde ve l opi ngna t i onsa r e e xpl oi t i ngna t ur a lr e s our c e sa ndma ki nghugepol l ut i on,t oove r c omet hi spr obl e mt he c onc e ptofgr e e ne c onomyc a ngui deusi nc omi ngye a r s Thec onc e ptofGr e e ne c onomyc a ngi veuswa yt out i l i s ena t ur a lr e s our c e si ne f f i c i e nta nd e nvi r onme nt a lhe l pf ulma nne r Bi bl ogr a phy www wor l dba nk c om ‘ Gr e e nEc onomy’I nt heCont e xtofI n di a nEc onomybySa t ya j i tDut t a , As s i s t a ntPr of e s s orof Ec onomi c s , De pa r t me ntofEc onomi c s , Gor uba t nGo vt Ge ne r a lDe gr e eCol l e ge , ( Uni ve r s i t y ofNor t hBe ng a l ,W B ) I nt e r na t i ona le ne r gye ge nc y USe ne r gyi nf or ma t i ona dmi ni s t r a t i on(www e i a gov) UNEP2011gr e e ne c onomypa t hwa yst os us t a i na bl ede ve l opme nt OECDi ndi c a t or sofGr e e nGr owt h(ma ga z i ne ) 29 Uni t e dna t i one nvi r onme nt a lpr ogr a mmewww une p or g Nor t s i a ni n t e r na t i ona lr e s e a r c hj our na lc oms or t i umwww na i r j c c om Gr e e ngr owt nds us t a i na bl ede ve l op me nti ni ndi abygl oba lgr e e ngr owt hi ns t i t ut e Mi ni s t r yofne wa ndr e ne wa bl ee ne r gyofI ndi a 30 ... bl eus eofl a nda ndi na ppr opr i a t ema na ge me nt pr a c t i c e sr e s ul ti nt heva r yi ngde gr e ea ndt ype sofde gr a da t i onofl a nd Someoft h ec a us e sofl a ndSt a t eofI ndi... r t yoft hepe opl eoft hea gr i c ul t ur a ls e c t or Thede mogr a p hi c a la r e aofI ndi sj us t2 5%oft hewor l d' sa r e abutwes uppor ta bout16 %of t hewor l dpopul a t i ona nd2 0%oft hewor... i ona r e :Los sof ve ge t a t i ona sar e s ul tofde f or e s t a t i onHi ghr a t eofe xt r a c t i onoff odde ndf ue lShi f t i ng c ul t i va t i onEnc r oa c hme nti nt of or e s ta r e