Programmable Resistance Multi-Logic Gate Nilotpal Bhattacharjee Rahul Bhadoriya Department of Engineering Physics Gwalior Engineering College Gwalior, India Email:nilotpal2507@gmail.com Department of Electronics & Communication Gwalior Engineering College Gwalior, India Email:rahul.bhadoriya@gmail.com Abstract— Normally we use nonlinear devices for making Logic Gates Here Moore’s Law is nullified to a great extent The use of programmable resistance can develop logic of all types NI-DAQ mx API or NI-272X series is interfaced with embedded programming circuit We have taken example of a bit channel for simplification All logics are developed in same circuit by simply programming the value This same function can also be attained by a digital potentiometer or a stepper motor controlled resistance As by virtue of nano resistance, Ohm’s Law of atomic level has been reached, hence the predicated accurate value of the resistance can be attained A probability study of different high & low values of resistances & the results has been analyzed resulting to one single circuit acting as a Multi-logic Gate in a cost effective way as “Programmable Resistance Multi Logic (PRML)” maintaining the convention of TTL and ECL.[2] Keywords ― PRML, Programmable Resistance, Reduced High and Low Format, SSR, Moore’s Law I INTRODUCTION The logic gate available is mostly by CMOS, TTL and ECL[1] and in all three cases the low voltage and high voltage are fixed case wise In some cases one circuit performs one logical function and in other many functions but with limitations Here we are using neither CMOS nor any transistor or diode to perform the output as that of logic gates, rather we use one single circuit of only three programmable resistances to avail all logical output Moreover we could get rid of the traditional concept of universal gate as one single circuit with predicted program can provide all logical output All input output logic can be considered as an independent entity and while programming we can opt for any logic any time and repeat it in sequence or jump We can name this logic One circuit of three programmable resistances can perform the function of all logic of two inputs Number of inputs can be increased by increasing the number of programmable resistances in the input Another advantage of PRML is that it can be applied to any circuit where the voltage value for high and low can be decided as required This can be further enhanced if the recent research in nano resistance i.e ohms law at atomic level is taken into account The programmable resistance is a resistance of bit, 16 bit etc where by using an embedded programming we can control the resistance value as and when required The resistances can be increased or decreased as per the logic requirement and program accordingly II THE CIRCUIT CONCEPT +Vcc I/P I/P Figure1 (Circuit showing three resistances and load) [7] LOAD programmable I/P I/P LOAD 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 and of Table are same The value of the resistance can be decided according to the load given The programmable resistance can be used as NI products as per Table 3.[3] Module Number Table (Reduced Truth Table) Bits per Channel No Of Channels NI PXI 2720 10 Resistance Per Channel 0-225 NI PXI 2722 16 0-16K NI Pxle 2725 18 0-255 NI Pxle 2727 16 0-16K Table However for critical time dependent operations called „time- critical loop‟ we need to use NI-DAQ mx API instead of the NI-272X Connecting four channels together creates four series resistors, each of which is accessible via the front panel as shown in figure Table (Reduced High and Low Format) , and are the programmable resistances All logic of all types of gates can be summarized into the following table where all common conditions taken together make all possibilities of all gates as per the list below OR — , , , AND — , , , NOR — , , , NAND — , XOR ― , NOT — , , , , Figure (Single bit programmable resistor) , In the circuit the resistance value of , and be reduced to five steps as the values of , can , The relay is preferably a solid state relay (SSR).[4] However DIP relay also can be used by using a separate power supply for the relay A sample relay control program is shown below.[5] [2] [3] [4] [5] ORG 0H MAIN: SEB P1.0 [6] MOV R5, #55 ACALL DELAY DELAY: CLR P1.0 L1: MOV R4, # 100 MOV R5, #55 L2: MOV R3, #253 ACALL DELAY L3: DJNZ R3, L3 SJMP MAIN DJNZ R4, L2 DJNZ R5, L1 RET END III FUTURE PROSPECT As the Ohm‟s Law survives to atomic scale has been proved[6] so the programmable resistance can be molded to very small scale level and be implemented in sensitive cases IV.CONCLUSION In future by developing a „stepper motor controlled variable resistance‟ the SSR can be replaced While programming by proper management for Table by changing the value of Low and High which differs depending on the load we can change the circuit Hence the circuit cannot be used for random load However by changing the linear value we can change the load If the load is a nonlinear device than we have to assume the conditional equivalent linear value of the load The same circuit can be repeatedly used by changing programs Since 1971 Moore‟s law has been predicting the probability of incrementing the number of non linear devices which made industry ready to get equipped for manufacturing as per prediction The PRML can undo the law upto a great extent by using reusable and replaceable linear device instead of use and throw nonlinear device REFERENCES [1] Jyh Ming Wang Sung, Chuan Fang and Wu Shimug Feng “New efficient designs for XOR and XNOR functions on the transistor level” IEEE journal of solid state circuits, vol 29 no 7, July 1994 [7] Prof Srinivasan, „Digital Electronics‟ www.nptel.iitm.ac.in www.ni.com „DIP Relay & SSR’ www.jameco.com M A Mazidi, Janke Gillispie Mazidi, Rolin D McKinley.„The 8051 μc and Embedded Systems‟ Pearson Prentice Hall 2009 B.Webber, S Mahapatra, H Ryn, S Lee, A Futhrer, T.C.G Reusch, D L Thompson, W.C.T Lee, G Klimeck, L.C.L Hollenbeng, M Y Simmons Ohm‟s law survives to atomic scale www.sciencemag.com Electronics & Communication Lab, Amrita Vishwavidyalaya www.vlab.co.in