Bài thực hành mạng máy tính nâng cao

Lab 1: Computer Network Models and common tools Objectives: Provide some basic knowledge on: o OSI and TCP/IP reference model o Layers, protocols, ports and sockets Introduce some common network tools and network applications Using a powerful network simulation - Packet Tracer OSI and TCP/IP reference model, layers, protocols, ports and sockets List the name of layers of OSI and TCP/IP model Applications, Presentation, Session, Transport, Network, Data-link, Physical Specify the function of each layer of TCP/IP model Applications: Đây tầng cao cấu trúc phân lớp TCP/IP Tầng bao gồm tất chuơng trình ứng dụng sử dụng dịch vụ sẵn có thơng qua chồng giao thức TCP/IP Các chương trình ứng dụng tương tác với giao thức tầng giao vận để truyền nhận liệu Mỗi chương trình ứng dụng lựa chọn kiểu giao thức thích hợp cho cơng việc Chương trình ứng dụng chuyển liệu theo mẫu mà tầng giao vận yêu cầu Transport: Nhiệm vụ trước tiên tầng giao vận cung cấp giao tiếp thông tin chương trình ứng dụng Mỗi giao tiếp gọi end-to-end Tầng giao vận điều chỉnh lưu lượng luồng thơng tin Nó cung cấp vận chuyển tin cậy, đảm bảo liệu đến mà không bị lỗi Để làm vậy, phần mềm giao thức hỗ trợ để bên nhận gửi lại thơng báo xác nhận việc thu liệu bên gửi truyền lại gói tin bị bị lỗi Phần mềm giao thức chia dòng liệu thành đơn vị liệu nhỏ (thường gọi Packets) chuyển packet với địa đích tới tầng để tiếp tục trình truyền dẫn Network: tầng mạng có nhiệm vụ xác định việc chuyển hướng, vạch đường gói tin mạng (chức định tuyến), gói tin phải qua nhiều chặng trước đến đích cuối Lớp lớp có liên quan đến địa logic mạng Các giao thức hay sử dụng IP, RIP, IPX, OSPF, AppleTalk CuuDuongThanCong.com https://fb.com/tailieudientucntt Data-link: tầng liên kết liệu có nhiệm vụ xác định chế truy nhập thơng tin mạng, dạng thức chung gói tin, đóng gói phân phát gói tin.Lớp có liên quan đến địa vật lý thiết bị mạng, topo mạng, truy nhập mạng, chế sửa lỗi điều khiển luồng Physical: tầng vật lý cung cấp phương thức truy cập vào đường truyền vật lý để truyền dịng Bit khơng cấu trúc, ngồi cung cấp chuẩn điện, dây cáp, đầu nối, kỹ thuật nối mạch điện, điện áp, tốc độ cáp truyền dẫn, giao diện nối kết mức nối kết Socket, Port: A socket is one endpoint of a two-way communication link between two programs running on the network A socket is bound to a port number so that the TCP layer can identify the application that data is destined to be sent An endpoint is a combination of an IP address and a port number Every TCP connection can be uniquely identified by its two endpoints That way you can have multiple connections between your host and the server Figure 1: Server-Client Connection The client and server can communicate by writing to or reading from their sockets Practice: Compile and run the client program “client.java” and “server.java” Check the socket information (IP, port number) at each side [java.exe] (server) TCP 127.0.0.1:1234 127.0.0.1:49426 ESTABLISHED 127.0.0.1:1234 ESTABLISHED [java.exe] (client) TCP 127.0.0.1:49402 CuuDuongThanCong.com https://fb.com/tailieudientucntt Which protocol is used at Transport layer? ATP, AppleTalk Transaction Protocol CUDP, Cyclic UDP DCCP, Datagram Congestion Control Protocol FCP, Fibre Channel Protocol IL, IL Protocol NBF, NetBIOS Frames protocol NBT, NetBIOS over TCP/IP RDP, Reliable Datagram Protocol RUDP, Reliable User Datagram Protocol SCTP, Stream Control Transmission Protocol SPX, Sequenced Packet Exchange SST, Structured Stream Transport TCP, Transmission Control Protocol UDP, User Datagram Protocol UDP Lite µTP, Micro Transport Protocol Network Management Tools and Utilities TCP/IP Tools arp - Used to manipulate the arp cache ipconfig - Displays the configuration settings for the host nbtstat - Used to troubleshoot NetBIOS name resolution problems netstat - Current connections, routing tables, interface statistics, netlink messages, multicast memberships, and masquerade connections are displayed, nslookup - Name server lookup for DNS ping - Used to verify that another host may be reached with an ICMP packet route - View or modify the local route table CuuDuongThanCong.com https://fb.com/tailieudientucntt snmp - Remote management of network devices tracert/traceroute - Traceroute traces a route through routers from one IP address to another .2 Network Tools for Workstations 3D Traceroute/mtr: As its name describes, 3D Traceroute provides some great visual traceroute graphs Unlike its name, 3D Traceroute also includes many other tools, such as a whois query, ping monitors, and my favorite, a day and night trace Platform: Windows PuTTY PuTTY is a free implementation of Telnet and SSH for Win32 and Unix platforms, along with an xterm terminal emulator Platforms: Windows, Linux PACManager PAC is a Perl/GTK Gnome replacement for SecureCRT/Putty/etc It provides a GUI to configure SSH/Telnet connections: users, passwords, EXPECT regular expressions, macros, etc Platforms: Linux TightVNC/vncviewer TightVNC is a free remote control software package derived from the popular VNC software With TightVNC, you can see the desktop of a remote machine and control it with your local mouse and keyboard, just like you would it sitting in the front of that computer Platforms: Windows, Linux WinSCP/scp WinSCP is an open source SFTP client for Windows Its main function is the secure file transfer between a local and a remote computer Beyond this, WinSCP offers basic file manager functionality It uses Secure Shell (SSH) and supports, in addition to Secure FTP, legacy SCP protocol Nmap As its name implies, nmap is a network mapping utility Provide nmap with a TCP/IP address, and it will identify any open "doors" or ports that might be available on that remote TCP/IP device Platforms: Linux Wireshark Wireshark (formerly Ethereal) is used by network professionals around the world for troubleshooting, analysis, software and protocol development, and education It has all of the standard features you would expect in a protocol analyzer, and several features not seen in any other product Platforms: Windows, Linux, Unix Nemesis Nemesis is a command-line network packet crafting and injection utility for UNIX-like and Windows systems Nemesis, is well suited for testing Network Intrusion Detection CuuDuongThanCong.com https://fb.com/tailieudientucntt Systems, firewalls, IP stacks and a variety of other tasks As a command-line driven utility, Nemesis is perfect for automation and scripting Nemesis can natively craft and inject ARP, DNS, ETHERNET, ICMP, IGMP, IP, OSPF, RIP, TCP and UDP packets Using the IP and the Ethernet injection modes, almost any custom packet can be crafted and injected Platforms: Windows, Linux Firewall Builder Firewall Builder is multi-platform firewall configuration and management tool It consists of a GUI and set of policy compilers for various firewall platforms Firewall Builder supports iptables, ipfilter, OpenBSD PF and Cisco PIX Platforms: Linux, Unix Cisco Packet Tracer Cisco® Packet Tracer is a powerful network simulation program that: Figure 2: Cisco Packet Tracer allows students to experiment with network behavior and ask “what if” questions help students understand the complexities of information and communication technologies (ICT) gain practical networking technology skills As a new curricula and educational tools, Packet Tracer provides simulation, visualization, authoring, assessment, and collaboration capabilities to facilitate the teaching and learning of complex technology concepts Key Features Packet Tracer Workspaces: Cisco Packet Tracer has two workspaces: logical and physical The logical workspace allows users to build logical network topologies by placing, connecting, and clustering virtual network devices The physical workspace provides a graphical physical dimension of the logical network, giving a sense of scale and placement in how network devices such as routers, switches, and hosts would look in a real environment The physical view also provides geographic representations of networks, including multiple cities, buildings, and wiring closets Figure The physical workspace provides a graphical view of the logical network CuuDuongThanCong.com https://fb.com/tailieudientucntt Packet Tracer Modes: Cisco Packet Tracer provides two operating modes to visualize the behavior of a network—realtime mode and simulation mode In real-time mode the network behaves as real devices do, with immediate real-time response for all network activities The real-time mode gives students a viable alternative to real equipment and allows them to gain configuration practice before working with real equipment In simulation mode the user can see and control time intervals, the inner workings of data transfer, and the propagation of data across a network This helps students understand the fundamental concepts behind network operations A solid understanding of network fundamentals can help accelerate learning about related concepts Protocols: CuuDuongThanCong.com https://fb.com/tailieudientucntt Podular Devices: Graphical representations visually simulate hardware and offer the ability to insert interface cards into modular routers and switches, which then become part of the simulation Multiuser Functionality: Cisco Packet Tracer is a network-capable application, with a multiuser peer-to-peer mode that allows collaborative construction of virtual networks over a real network The multiuser feature enables exciting collaborative and competitive interactions, providing the option to progress from individual to social learning and features opportunities for collaboration, competition, remote instructor student interactions, social networking, and gaming Tutorials: Packet Tracer includes several basic step-by-step tutorials that familiarize users with the product features and explain how to engage in simulations Additional advanced tutorials are available for download from Academy Connection Help: A help feature is available to familiarize users with the Cisco Packet Tracer interface, functions, and features The help area includes important notes and tips and provides annotated screenshots to aid understanding Activity Wizard: The Activity Wizard allows users to author their own learning activities by setting up scenarios using instructional text, and creating initial and final network topologies and predefined packets The Activity Wizard also includes grading and feedback capabilities Figure The Activity Wizard enables the creation of customized learning activities CuuDuongThanCong.com https://fb.com/tailieudientucntt Lab Practice Reading Cisco Packet Tracer tutorials Building LANs of the Illustrated Network (IN) as following Network Layout CuuDuongThanCong.com https://fb.com/tailieudientucntt Lab Steps Need Cisco Switch 2960 (each Switch at LAN, named SwLAN1 and SwLAN2) and hosts Configure devices creating a basic LAN Configure the hosts with the indicated parameters Connect the devices and hosts Verify connectivity with ping command on each LAN Save work to file, naming: YourStudentCode_CN2Lab1.pkt Send this file by email to Lab Instructor CuuDuongThanCong.com https://fb.com/tailieudientucntt ... xác định chế truy nhập thông tin mạng, dạng thức chung gói tin, đóng gói phân phát gói tin.Lớp có liên quan đến địa vật lý thiết bị mạng, topo mạng, truy nhập mạng, chế sửa lỗi điều khiển luồng