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TOURISM UNIT THE HISTORY AND DEVELOPMENT OF TOURISM Ambitious determined to be successful, rich, powerful etc khát vọng a large outdoor fire, either for burning waste or for a party đốt lửa /æmˈbɪʃəs/ Bonfire /ˈbɒnfaɪə $ ˈbɑːnfaɪr/ noun [countable] Carnival /ˈkɑːnəvəl / Charter /ˈtʃɑːtə/ Chronological a public event at which people play music, wear special clothes, and dance in the streets the practice of paying money to a company to use their boats, aircraft etc, or the boat, aircraft etc used in this way EX: boats available for charter a charter service cho thuê arranged according to when things happened or were made theo thứ tự a society that is well organized and developed, used especially about a particular society in a particular place or at a particular time Collocations: western civilization / ancient civilization/ modern civilization văn minh intended to be used once or for a short time and then thrown away sử dụng lần 一次性使用 /ˌkrɒnəˈlɒdʒɪkəl/ Civilization /ˌsɪvəl-aɪˈzeɪʃən/ Disposable /dɪˈspəʊzəbəl/ in-flight provided during a plane journey in-flight entertainment itinerary a plan or list of the places you will visit on a journey 行程 /aɪˈtɪnərəri/ 10 long haul flight [hɔːl] a long-haul flight etc is over a very long distance 長途的 11 package holiday a holiday organized by a company at a fixed price that includes the cost of travel, hotel 全包旅游 12 panoramic view a panoramic view of the valley toàn cảnh a person who makes a journey, often a long and difficult one, to a special place for religious reasons người hành hương pilgrimage a special journey made by a pilgrim hành hương /ˈpɪl.ɡrɪ.mɪdʒ/ Muslims try to make a pilgrimage/go on a pilgrimage to Mecca at least once in their life 13 pioneer someone who is important in the early development of something, and whose work or ideas are later developed by other people pioneer of John Whitney was a pioneer of computer animation 先鋒，開拓者 14 procession a line of people or vehicles moving slowly as part of a ceremony → parade funeral/wedding/carnival etc procession 游行 /ˌpænəˈræmɪk/ pilgrim /ˈpɪl.ɡrɪm/ /prəˈseʃən/ 15 pyramids /ˈpɪrəmɪd/ 16 room service a service provided by a hotel, by which food and drinks can be sent to a guest’s room 17 self-catering relating to a holiday in which you stay in a place where you can cook your own food self-catering accommodation/apartment/cottage etc 18 terminal building a big building where people wait to get onto planes, buses, or ships, or where goods are loaded 19 torch a small electric lamp that you carry in your hand nhà ga đèn pin /tɔːtʃ/ 20 tour rep 21 pilgrimage [ˈpɪlɡrɪmɪdʒ] holiday rep : short for holiday representative: someone who works for a travel company giving help and advice to people who are on holiday in a particular place 度假公司派出照料度假者的)度假代理 朝圣之旅;参拜之行;瞻仰之旅 UNIT THE ORGANIZATION AND STRUCTURE OF TOURISM air traffic controller a person who manages aircraft from the ground as they take off, fly, and land an air traffic controllers' strike She likes aviation (hàng không) but didn't want to fly, so she became an air traffic controller baggage handler /ˈbæɡ.ɪdʒ ˌhænd.lər/ a person who takes passengers' bags and cases and puts them onto or removes them from an aircraft bellboy /ˈbel.bɔɪ/ a person in a hotel employed to carry suitcases, open doors, etc for guests caravan site /ˈkær.ə.væn ˌsaɪt/ an area of ground where caravans can be parked, especially by people spending their holidays in them chalet /ˈʃæleɪ a small house, especially in a holiday camp concierge /ˌkɒn.siˈeəʒ/ - a person who is employed to take care of an apartment building, especially in France người chuyển hành lý 旅行拖车，宿营拖车site người giữ cửa - a person working in a hotel, etc whose job is to help guests, for example by giving them information about restaurants, local places to see, etc Our concierges are experts on the area's restaurants and can recommend the perfect place to fit your tastes Our company offers concierge services for both individual and corporate customers continental a simple morning meal consisting of fruit juice, coffee, and bread with breakfast /ˌkɒn.tɪ.nen.təl ˈbrek.fəst/ butter and jam curator /kjʊəˈreɪ.tər/ a person in charge of a museum, library, etc facilities the buildings, equipment, and services provided for a particular purpose: shopping facilities medical facilities sports facilities guard - Quản lý a person or group of people whose job is to protect a person, place, or thing from danger or attack, or to prevent a person such as a criminal from escaping a railway official who travels on and is responsible for a train = conductor 10 level off If a rate or amount levels off, it stops rising or falling and stays at the same level 11 motel hotel for people travelling by car, usually with spaces for cars next to each room 12 porter a person whose job is to carry things, especially travellers' bags at railway stations, airports, hotels 13 purser an officer on a ship who deals with the ship's accounts, or a person on a passenger ship or aircraft who is responsible for taking care of passengers quản lý tàu thuỷ /máy bay 14 return ticket /rɪˈtɜːn ˌtɪk.ɪt/ a ticket for travel to a place and back again Vé 15 stately home /ˌsteɪt.li ˈhəʊm/ a large, old house that usually has beautiful furniture, decorations, and gardens 16 supplement /ˈsʌp.lɪ.mənt/ something that is added to something else in order to improve it or complete it; something extra 17 warden a person who is in charge of (the people in) a particular building She's the warden of a home for mentally handicapped people /ˈwɔː.dən/ Người giám sát UNIT TRAVEL AGENT Adventure (holiday) Air miles /ˈeəmaɪlz / bazaar /bəˈzɑː / booking reference [ˈbʊkɪŋ ˈrefrəns] corporate travel [ˈkɔːpərət ˈtrævl] embassy /ˈembəsi// 冒险旅游 a system in which people collect points when they buy things from certain companies These points can be exchanged for free or cheaper flights -a market or area where there are a lot of small shops, especially in India or the Middle East - an occasion when a lot of people sell different things to collect money for a good purpose a church bazaar the airline’s internal identifier for your flight booking within their computer system 订位代号 预定凭证 商务旅行;企业旅游;旅游;社团旅 游;旅游公司 a group of officials who represent their government in a foreign country, or the building they work in → ambassador en suite facilities A hotel room or bedroom with en-suite facilities includes its own bathroom with at least a toilet and hand basin, and probably a shower or bath extension another room or rooms which are added to a building extension to the planned extension to the National Museum a loft extension farmstay 10 ferry 11 fly drive fly-drive package/holiday an arrangement for which you pay a fixed price that includes your flight, a car to drive and places to stay 12 foyer /ˈfɔɪeɪ/ a room or hall at the entrance to a public building SYN lobby a small room or hall at the entrance to a house or apartment 13 frequent flyer someone who flies with a particular airline a lot, and is often offered special advantages such as free flights or a better seat 14 full board a hotel offering full board provides guests with all their meals → half board A two-night break costs £125 full board 15 half board the price of a room in a hotel that includes breakfast and dinner half board accommodation 16 leg room space for your legs in front of the seats in a car, theatre etc There wasn’t enough leg room khách hàng thân thiết 17 limousine /ˈlɪməziːn/ a very large, expensive, and comfortable car, driven by someone who is paid to drive a small bus that people take to and from airports in the US 18 modem a piece of electronic equipment that allows information from one computer to be sent along telephone wires to another computer /ˈməʊdəm/ 19 pony trekking the activity of riding through the countryside on ponies 20 recline seat if you recline a seat, or if it reclines, you lower the back of the seat so that you can lean back in it 21 safari a trip to see or hunt wild animals, especially in Africa on safari They went on safari in Kenya /səˈfɑːri/ 22 suite a set of rooms, especially expensive ones in a hotel a honeymoon suite a suite of rooms for palace guests 23 sunbathing /ˈsʌnbeɪð/ to sit or lie outside in the sun, especially in order to become brown Her mother was sunbathing in the back garden ► There is no noun ‘sunbath’: Let’s go and sunbathe/do some sunbathing (NOT have a sunbath) 24 switchboard a system used to connect telephone calls in an office building, hotel etc, or the people who operate the system switchboard operators Hundreds of callers jammed the switchboard trying to win the tickets (=there were too many calls for the switchboard to deal with) /ˈswɪtʃbɔːd/ 25 twin room a room that contains two single beds 26 unexpired an unexpired agreement or period of time has not yet come to an end He has a contract with the company with an unexpired period of two years 27 venue a place where an organized meeting, concert etc takes place sporting/conference/concert etc venue The first thing to is book a venue The band will play (=perform at) as many venues as possible venue for the venue for the latest round of talks 28 white water a part of a river that looks white because the water is running very quickly over rocks whitewater canoeing 29 rafting the activity of travelling on a raft, especially as a sport white-water rafting UNIT TOUR OPERATION agenda a list of problems or subjects that a government, organization etc is planning to deal with COLLOCATION: have an agenda Brown has an agenda for the university’s future set an agenda (=decide on the problems you want to deal with) The new government set an agenda for constitutional reform put something on the agenda This incident has put the issue of racism firmly back on the agenda agree an agenda The meeting ended in chaos as representatives were unable to agree on an agenda establish/create/provide an agenda (=begin to have an agenda) We need to establish an agenda for future research allocation /ˌæləˈkeɪʃən/ the amount or share of something that has been allocated for a particular purpose attn attn (attention) used to say that a letter or package is for a particular person bulk purchase Bulk purchasing (or "mass buying") is the purchase of much larger quantities than the usual, for a unit price that is lower than the usual compensation /ˌkɒmpənˈseɪʃən/ money paid to someone because they have suffered injury or loss, or because something they own has been damaged compensation for compensation for injuries at work compensation from She received compensation from the government for the damage caused to her property in compensation The jury awarded Tyler $1.7 million in compensation as compensation The workers were given 30 days’ pay as compensation People who are wrongly arrested may be paid compensation demand/seek/claim compensation The parents are seeking compensation for birth defects caused by the drug award/grant compensation 10 24 mausoleum a building in which the bodies of dead people are buried lăng tẩm An open-top car, bus, etc does not have a roof, or has a roof that you can fold back xe bus mui trần /ˌmɔː.zəˈliː.əm/ 25 open-top bus 26 patronizing /ˈpæt.rə.naɪ.zɪŋ/ = self-important, supercilious 27 pax - treating someone like a child vẻ - speaking or behaving towards someone as if they are stupid or not important It's that patronizing tone of hers that I can't bear abbreviation for “PASSENGERS” /pæks/ 28 pick up point place where the guide àn coach meet the passengers 29 porterage the job of carrying things for other people, especially at railway stations, airports, etc., or the money that is paid for this /ˈpɔːtərɪdʒ/ điểm đón 30 powerful /ˈpaʊə.fəl/ 31 proud /praʊd/ sticking out from the surrounding area tràn ngập Sand the surface with abrasive paper until no flakes of paint stand proud of the surface 53 32 sculpture /ˈskʌlp.tʃər/ sculpt (v) sculpted/ sculptured (adj) 33 splendid /ˈsplen.dɪd/ = magnificent, glorious 34 superb /suːˈpɜːb/ superbly (adv) COLLOCATIONS - abstract sculpture - bronze sculpture - ceramic sculpture - classical sculpture - clay sculpture - contemporary sculpture - figurative sculpture - ice sculpture - light sculpture - living sculpture - modern sculpture - monumental sculpture - outdoor sculpture excellent, or beautiful and impressive The splendid old opera house was torn down Our splendid weather ended with a terrible storm of excellent quality; very great She gave a superb performance of the Beethoven UNIT 11 - Promotion and marketing in tourism 54 advertising (n) /ˈæd.və.taɪ.zɪŋ/ billboard /ˈbɪl.bɔːd/ agro-holiday browse /braʊz/ On the highway we passed dozens of billboards showing his smiling face In Moscow of today, advertising billboards line the avenues They unveiled a billboard on First Avenue South saying "Welcome" in Japanese kỳ nghỉ nông nghiệp browse through sth - I was browsing through the magazine when I saw their ad to browse the Web centenary (n) /senˈtiː.nər.i/ /senˈten.ər.i/ centennial (a) bicentenary (n) 200 bicentennial (a) tercentenary (n) 300 tercentennial (a) (the day or year that is) 100 years after an important event centenary celebrations Next year is the centenary of her death challenging /ˈtʃæl.ɪn.dʒɪŋ/ 55 click on climate /ˈklaɪ.mət/ cosy /ˈkəʊ.zi/ 10 cut-price /ˌkʌtˈpraɪs/ cut-rate a tropical/mild/desert/ mild/ dry/ subtropical climate climate system/conditions Carbon emissions are changing the world's climate system comfortable and pleasant, especially (of a building) because of being small and warm - Cut-price products cost less than the usual price cut-price airline tickets hạ giá, giảm giá - A cut-price shop sells things at lower prices than other shops - costing less than the usual price cut-price bids/deals/offers cut-price cars/holidays/mortgages - selling goods and services at less than the usual price a cut-price airline/operator/retailer The City remains nervous about cut-price competition from supermarkets 11 desktop /ˈdesk.tɒp/ 56 12 direct mailing mass mailing the act of sending out a large number of advertisements through the mail We were told later we had a 1.8% response rate to our direct mailing 13 download /ˌdaʊnˈləʊd/ /ˈdaʊn.ləʊd/ 14 expedition /ˌek.spəˈdɪʃ.ən/ a long, organized trip for a particular purpose, or the people, vehicles, or ships making such a trip a military expedition thám hiểm viễn chinh fishing expedition hunting expedition 15 extraordinary very unusual, special, unexpected, or strange /ɪkˈstrɔː.dɪn.ər.i/ extraordinarily (adv) 16 familiarization trip a trip designed for travel advisors to learn about a destination, a partner travel company, or an airline, and sometimes, all of the above 17 fiesta /fiˈes.tə/ a public celebration in Spain or Latin America, especially one on a religious holiday, with different types of entertainment and activities 18 game reserve a large area of land where wild animals live safely or are hunted in a controlled way for sport 57 19 glacier /ˈɡlæs.i.ər/ 20 heliskiing /ˈheli skiːɪŋ/ the sport of flying in a helicopter to a place where there is a lot of snow on a mountain in order to ski there 21 home page 22 jacuzzi /dʒəˈkuː.zi/ a brand name for a bath or pool into which warm water flows through small holes, producing a pleasant bubbling effect 23 mailshot /ˈmeɪl.ʃɒt/ - an act of sending letters, packages, or electronic messages to a lot of people at one time Maybe a mailshot should be sent to all customers to notify them of the product changes mass mailing - a paper advertisement sent to homes or businesses I often get mailshots from insurance companies about savings schemes 24 market research /ˌmɑː.kɪt rɪˈsɜːtʃ/ the collection and examination of information about things that people buy or might buy and their feelings about things that they have bought Market research shows that demand for small cars will continue to grow carry out/do/perform market research Carrying out market research showed that customers thought our phones were too heavy and too ugly market research on sth We did market research on the buying habits of 58 single mothers a market research interview/questionnaire/survey Market research surveys of teenagers revealed that what they most wanted was control over all the devices in their lives a market research company/firm/group A market research firm handles our focus groups 25 market segment /ˈseɡ.mənt/ a group of possible customers who are similar in their needs, age, education, etc Tablet computers are aimed at the home user market segment 26 mountain lodge nhà nghỉ núi /lɒdʒ/ 27 mouse /maʊs/ 28 neon sign /ˈniː.ɒn/ 29 online /ˈɒn.laɪn/ 30 point-of-sale /ˌpɔɪnt əv ˈseɪl/ online trading/advertising/shopping - There has been an increase in online trading by individuals - a place such as a store where something is sold Purchase decisions are heavily influenced at the point of sale - a place where people pay in a store 59 point-of-sale displays point-of-sale computer terminals used by retailers 31 press release - a public statement given to the press to publish if they wish /ˈpres rɪˌliːs/ issue a press release - Knowing the right way to issue a press release is almost as important as the information in the release itself In a press release yesterday, the company warmly welcomed the new proposals 32 print-run /ˈprɪnt ˌrʌn/ 33 rambling holiday the number of copies of a book produced at one time a first/initial/second print run A first print run of 175,000 copies is planned by the publisher too long and confused /ˈræm.blɪŋ/ 34 secluded /sɪˈkluː.dɪd/ seclusion (n) - quiet, private, and not near people, roads, or buildings hẻo lánh a secluded beach a secluded house in the forest - She spent her days in the seclusion of her room 35 slogan /ˈsləʊ.ɡən/ - advertising/marketing/branding slogan - The company's advertising slogan in the 1970s and 1980s was "You can be sure of Shell" 60 - catchy/famous/popular slogan 36 snowboarding /ˈsnəʊ.bɔː.dɪŋ/ 37 sponsorship /ˈspɒn.sə.ʃɪp/ 38 target /ˈtɑː.ɡɪt/ the act of providing money for a television or radio programme, website, sports event, or other activity in exchange for advertising The company is reviewing its €6 million a year advertising and sponsorship budget - to direct advertising, criticism, or a product at someone The advert for the energy drink is targeted specifically at young people aggressively/carefully/specifically target sb/sth - The marketing campaign is specifically targeting a different type of customer target sth at sb/sth - We need government restrictions on ads targeted at children target sth to sb/sth - They plan to target the tax cut to the middle classes 39 telesales the advertising or selling of goods or services by phone /ˈtel.ɪ.seɪlz/ telemarketing 40 well-stocked (a) having a large supply and variety of things, especially food or drink The spacious lounge with its well-stocked bar is furnished in soft peachy colours and attractive cane-backed chairs 61 UNIT 12 - Developments in tourism altitude /ˈæl.tɪ.tʃuːd/ height above sea level archaeology /ˌɑː.kiˈɒl.ə.dʒi/ archaeological archaeologist the study of the buildings, graves, tools, and other objects that belonged to people who lived in the past, in order to learn about their culture and society brothel /ˈbrɒθ.əl/ a place where men go and pay to have sex with prostitutes carnival /ˈkɑː.nɪ.vəl/ a place of outside entertainment where there are machines you can ride on and games that can be played for prizes The city of Denver is situated at an altitude of almost exactly one mile We are currently flying at an altitude of 15,000 metres Daniel is very interested in history and archaeology, and often visits historic sites There’s a carnival in Payson Park this weekend (a special occasion or period of) public enjoyment and entertainment involving wearing unusual clothes, dancing, and eating and drinking, usually held in the streets of a city a Caribbean carnival 62 cliff erosion conservation /ˌkɒn.səˈveɪ.ʃən/ the protection of plants and animals, natural areas, and interesting and important structures and buildings, especially from the damaging effects of human activity wildlife conservation conservationist /ˌkɒn.səˈveɪ.ʃən.ɪst/ someone who works to protect the environment from the damaging effects of human activity Conservationists are concerned about the threat to the Arctic's unique ecosystems craft /krɑːft/ skill and experience, especially in relation to making objects; a job or activity that needs skill and experience, or something produced using skill and experience the craft of furniture making/sewing/glassblowing rural/ancient/traditional crafts craft workers (= skilled workers) elderly 10 environment 11 environmentalist /ɪnˌvaɪ.rənˈmen.təl.ɪst/ 12 folk dance 63 /fəʊk/ 13 gravity /ˈɡræv.ə.ti/ - the force that attracts objects towards one another, especially the force that makes things fall to the ground - seriousness = severity I don't think you understand the gravity of the situation 14 greed /ɡriːd/ greedy (a) a strong desire to continually get more of something, esp money He was greedy for power 15 habitat /ˈhæb.ɪ.tæt/ 16 idyllic /ɪˈdɪl.ɪk/ An idyllic place or experience is extremely pleasant, beautiful, or peaceful an idyllic childhood/summer an idyllic village in the Yorkshire Dales 17 module /ˈmɒdʒ.uːl/ one of a set of separate parts that, when combined, form a complete whole The emergency building is transported in individual modules, such as bedrooms and a kitchen, which are put together on site 18 over-consumption 19 overuse /ˌəʊ.vəˈjuːz/ I tend to overuse certain favourite expressions 64 20 pollution 21 recycling (n) - recycling of sth Recycling of raw materials and energy resources reduces the cost of production - a recycling business/company/industry - recycling centers/plants/facilities - a recycling program/scheme/system - waste/plastic/metal recycling 22 referendum /ˌref.əˈren.dəm/ referendums/ referenda (formal) a vote in which all the people in a country or an area are asked to give their opinion about or decide an important political or social question Is it more democratic to hold a referendum, rather than let the government alone decide? COLLOCATIONS bond referendum The present courthouse replaced it in 1902 after a $72,000 bond referendum passed national referendum This debate took place at all levels of society and in political institutions, by expert groups' assessments and by a national referendum popular referendum Whether there is a popular referendum or parliamentary ratification, this is the moment when positions must be made clear 23 resources /rɪˈzɔːs/ /ˈriː.sɔːs/ 24 responsible - be responsible for sb/sth/doing sth 65 /rɪˈspɒn.sə.bəl/ to have control and authority over something or someone and the duty of taking care of it, him, or her The city council is responsible for keeping the streets clean - be responsible to sb/sth to be controlled by someone or something In Australia, the prime minister and the Cabinet are responsible to the House of Representatives - hold sb/sth responsible to blame someone or something for something bad that happened He was held responsible for the accident 25 safeguard (n/v) /ˈseɪf.ɡɑːd/ - to protect something from harm The union safeguards the interests of all its members - to protect children or adults who could be hurt emotionally or physically Extensive background checks on staff are carried out to safeguard children in schools - a law, rule, or something that is done to protect someone or something from harm or damage The industry has been criticised for not providing adequate safeguards against poisoning safeguard for sth/sb The new laws contain important safeguards for credit card customers safeguard against sth Keeping a large cash reserve is, for some airlines, the best safeguard against another bankruptcy 26 shellfish /ˈʃel.fɪʃ/ a creature with a shell, that lives in water, especially one of the types that can be eaten Oysters and crabs are both shellfish 66 27 solar panel /ˌsəʊ.lə ˈpæn.əl/ Solar panels are used to power satellites 28 souvenir /ˌsuː.vənˈɪər/ He bought a model of a red London bus as a souvenir of his trip to London 29 stakeholder /ˈsteɪkˌhəʊl.dər/ a person such as an employee, customer, or citizen who is involved with an organization, society, etc and therefore has responsibilities towards it and an interest in its success 30 sustainable /səˈsteɪ.nə.bəl/ sustainability /səˌsteɪ·nəˈbɪl·ɪ·t̬ i/ causing little or no damage to the environment and therefore able to continue for a long time A large international meeting was held with the aim of promoting sustainable development in all countries able to continue at the same level for a period of time Marketing plays a key role in a company's plan for sustainable business development sustainable/growth/success/value The question of how to achieve long-term sustainable growth in shareholder value is re-emerging sustainable communities/energy sources 31 tribe /traɪb/ a tribe of Amazonian Indians 32 waste disposal /ˈweɪst dɪˌspəʊ.zəl/ = garbage disposal an electrical machine, connected to a kitchen sink, that cuts up food waste so that it will flow easily through the pipes 67 ... holiday in a particular place 度假公司派出照料度假者的)度假代理 朝圣之旅;参拜之行;瞻仰之旅 UNIT THE ORGANIZATION AND STRUCTURE OF TOURISM air traffic controller a person who manages aircraft from the ground as they take off, fly,