2019 CFA practice IFT quizzes session solutions

Leveel III SS - Essay Quiz Solution Discuss two factors each that favor a strategic buyer and a recapitalization Type of Sale Strategic Buyer Recapitalization Factors favoring a sale In a sale, Smith will not be involved in the day-to-day day owning and running of the business and will have more time to spend with his grandchildren A sale to a strategic buyer would potentially realize the highest current proceeds A sale now would avoid the expected higher tax Smith would retain his identity as CEO of his firm A recapitalization would allow expansion to realize a major increase in earnings and value of the company within a relatively short time Calculate the after–tax tax amount monetized by the recapitalization and Smith’s value of the stake in business immediately after recapitalization Sales price x percent of capital sold x (1 ( – tax rate) 45 million x 0.85 x (1 – 0.15) = 32.5125 million The value of Smith’s 15% stake = $6.75 million before any valuation discounts and lack of control or limited marketability of shares What is primary capital? Evaluate whether the amount monetized combined with Smith’s existing portfolio meets his requirement for $36 million in core capital Justify your answer Primary capital is the sum of the personal risk bucket and the market risk bucket Yes, the recapitalization will meet Smith’s primary capital needs Justification Copyright © IFT All rights reserved www.ift.world Page Leveel III SS - Essay Quiz Solution Primary Capital needs Personal risk bucket becomes $2 million + $9 million = $11 million Market risk bucket becomes $3 million + $23.5125million = $26.5125 million Primary capital = 11 + $26.5125 million = $37.5125 million Briefly describe three tools that are used to monetize a concentrated position in a publicly traded common stock Identify one advantage for each tool other than the fact that an immediate tax event is avoided The same advantage should not be repeated repeated Tool Short sale against the box Total return equity swap Forward conversion with options Description The investor takes a short position against the security in which he has a concentrated holding The investor agrees to pay a dealer any appreciation on her shares plus any dividends and other distributions received on her shares In return, the dealer agrees to pay the investor any loss in the value of the shares plus an agreed upon interest est rate This strategy involves the construction of a synthetic short forward position against nst the asset held long (The payoff of a short forward position is identical to the payoff of a long put and a short call on the same underlying asset.) Copyright © IFT All rights reserved www.ift.world Advantage Lower cost compared to other hedging strategies because derivatives are not used here Concentrated asset position is completely hedged and so investor can borrow against the position with a high loan loanto-value ratio This strategy can be executed using exchange exchange-traded options which is more cost effective than engaging with a dealer Page Level III SS Essay Quiz (4 questions, 18 minutes) THIS QUESTION HAS FOUR PARTS (A, B, C, D) FOR A TOTAL OF 18 MINUTES Jerome Leighton founded a computer software company When the company went public, Leighton became wealthy He now wishes to start the Leighton Foundation to support social causes around the world Leighton wants the Foundation to make contributions to these causes in perpetuity The Foundation will be a tax-exempt entity Leighton makes an initial gift to the Foundation of euro 200 million on January of Year In addition, Leighton intends to make ongoing annual contributions to the Foundation of euro million on January of each subsequent year The Foundation will make a one-time distribution of euro million at the beginning of Year to fund the offices set up globally for disbursement of funds to the issues deserving immediate attention Beginning in Year 2, the Foundation will have an annual spending requirement of 4% of the market value of its portfolio at the end of the preceding year The annual contributions from the Foundation will be used to cover a portion of the operating expenses The expected inflation rate is 6.5% per year The Foundation’s goal is to preserve the real value of its investment portfolio and any future contributions while also meeting its spending requirement Leighton hires Emile Depuy, CFA, as the investment advisor to the Foundation Depuy’s management fees will be 0.30% per year These fees will be calculated based on the year-end value of the portfolio and paid in arrears on the first day of the following year Leighton instructs Depuy to prepare an investment policy statement (IPS) for the Foundation Depuy concludes that the Foundation has an above-average risk tolerance A Identify two factors that support Smith’s conclusion regarding the Foundation’s risk tolerance (4 minutes) B Determine the nominal required rate of return for the Foundation in Year (3 minutes) In the first year of the Foundation’s operation, the return on the benchmark was 10.8% and the return on the Foundation’s portfolio was 10.0% The Foundation received the planned euro million contributions on January of Year C Determine the liquidity requirement (in €) of the Foundation in Year Show your calculations (5 minutes) Copyright © IFT All rights reserved www.ift.world Page Level III SS Essay Quiz (4 questions, 18 minutes) Three years have passed During that time, the Foundation operated as planned However, the technology company Leighton founded requires further investment because of the increasing competitive environment of the industry Leighton feels that in order to survive in the industry, he will have to invest aggressively in research and development Thus, in future he will not be able to make additional contributions to the Foundation Depuy is preparing a revised IPS to reflect the Foundation’s changed circumstances D Determine the effect (decrease, no change, increase) of these changed circumstances on the foundation’s return objective and liquidity requirement Justify each response with one reason (6 minutes) Copyright © IFT All rights reserved www.ift.world Page Level III SS Essay Quiz Solution (4 questions, 18 minutes) Topic: Institutional PM Minutes: 18 Part A Factors that support Depuy’s conclusion that the Leighton Foundation’s risk tolerance is above average: The Leighton Foundation has a perpetual time horizon, which allows it opportunities to make up for losses sustained by the portfolio The Leighton Foundation expects to receive ongoing annual contributions The Leighton Foundation does not have a contractually-defined liability stream Its 4% annual spending requirement is not a contractual obligation Part B The elements of the nominal return requirement from Year onwards are:  A 4% annual spending requirement  Cost of managing the fund is 0.30% per annum  An inflation rate of 6.5% Therefore: Nominal return requirement = (1 + 0.04) x (1 + 0.003) x (1 + 0.065) – = 11.09% (multiplicative method) OR Nominal return requirement = 4.0% + 0.3% + 6.5% = 10.8% (additive method) Part C At the beginning of Year 1, euro million is withdrawn from the portfolio, leaving euro 193 million to be invested The portfolio value at the end of Year is euro 212,300,000 (193,000,000 x 1.10) In Year 2, the Leighton Foundation’s liquidity requirement equals: • 4% spending requirement = euro 212,300,000 x 0.04 = euro 8,492,000 • Management fees = euro 212,300,000 x 0.003 = euro 636,900 • Less: euro 3,000,000 contribution received at the beginning of Year Total liquidity requirement in Year is 8,492,000 + 636,900 – 3,000,000 = euro 6,128,900 Copyright © IFT All rights reserved www.ift.world Page Level III SS Essay Quiz Solution (4 questions, 18 minutes) Part D IPS component Return objective Determine the effect (decrease, no change, increase) of these changed circumstances on the Foundation’s return objective and liquidity requirement (circle one) decrease no change Justify each response with one reason The Foundation still needs to preserve the real value of its investment portfolio and meet its spending requirement increase decrease Liquidity requirement no change The Foundation will no longer receive ongoing contributions from Leighton increase Copyright © IFT All rights reserved www.ift.world Page Level III SS Essay Quiz (4 questions, 20 minutes) QUESTION HAS FOUR PARTS (A, B, C, D) FOR A TOTAL OF 20 MINUTES Emily Francis, CFA, is an analyst at Prime Securities Her supervisor has asked her to develop a capital market expectations outlook, including expected return on U.S equities, expected short term interest rate and value of the equity index In order to develop this outlook, her firm’s research department has provided her with the following information: Table Economic indicator ator Value Expected dividend yield 1.75% Expected inflation rate 1.50% Real growth rate 4.00% Percentage change in number of shares outstanding 0.50% Percentage change hange in P/E - 0.75% The central bank is set to announce its monetary policy statement next month Clients of Prime Securities are anxious about what the central bank’s policy rate will be be Emily decides to forecast the bank’s policy rate For this purpose, she decides to talk to her friend at the central bank who then, provides her with the following information: Table Economic indicator Value Neutral rate 4% Forecast inflation rate 7% Target inflation rate 3% GDP forecast growth rate 0% GDP trend growth rate 2% Emily would also like to forecast the USD/EUR exchange rate However, she is unsure about which method to use She decides to ask another analyst for advice A Determine,, using the information in Table and the Grinold-Kroner Grinold Kroner model, the component sources off the nominal return for U.S equities: i Income return ii Earnings growth iii Repricing return Show your calculations (6 minutes) Copyright © IFT All rights reserved www.ift.world Page Level III SS Essay Quiz (4 questions, 20 minutes) B Using your answer to Part A and the Grinold-Kroner Grinold Kroner model, what is the expected return on U.S equities? Show your calculations (2 minutes) C Determine the target short term term interest rate for the Central Bank using the Taylor rule and the data in Table Show your calculations (4 minutes) D Discuss how the four methods (purchasing power parity, relative economics strength approach, capital flows approach, savings-investment savings investment imbalances approach) can be used to forecast exchange rates (8 minutes) Copyright © IFT All rights reserved www.ift.world Page Level III SS Essay Quiz Solution (4 questions, 20 minutes) Topic: Equity Minutes: 20 Part A Grinold-Kroner Model i Expected income return = [ D1 – ΔS] P0 = [1.75% - 0.50%] = 1.25% ii Expected nominal earnings growth = (i + g) = (1.50% + 4.00%) = 5.50% iii Expected repricing return = Δ P/E = -0.75% Part B Return = income return + earnings growth + repricing return = 1.25% + 5.50% - 0.75% = 6.00% Part C Taylor rule Roptimal = R neutral + [0.5 × (GDPg forecast − GDPg trend) + 0.5 × (I forecast − I target) target)] = 4% + [0.5(0% - 2%) + 0.5 (7% - 3%)] = 5% Part D  The relative form of purchasing power parity (PPP) states that differences in inflation between two countries will be reflected in the changes in the exchange rate between them Specifically, the country with higher inflation will see its currency value decline  The relative economic strength approach: approach The he idea behind this approach is that a favorable investment climate will attract investors, which will increase the demand for the domestic currency, therefore increasing its value  The capital flows approach focuses primarily on long-term long capital flows such uch as as, those into equity investments or foreign direct investments The greater the inflows, the stronger the currency Copyright © IFT All rights reserved www.ift.world Page Level III SS Essay Quiz Solution (4 questions, 20 minutes)  The savings-investment investment imbalances approach starts with the concept that an economy must fund its investment through savings If investment is greater than domestic savings, then capital must flow into the country from abroad to finance the investment In order to attract and keep the capital necessary sary to compensate for the savings deficit, the domestic currency must increase in value and stay strong strong Copyright © IFT All rights reserved www.ift.world Page Level III SS 17 Essay Quiz Solution (4 Questions, 24 minutes) Topic: Performance Evaluation Minutes: 24 Part A Sharpe Ratio: SA = (Return for Fund A – Risk free rate) / Standard DeviationA = (18 – 2.75) / 17.69 = 0.862 SB = (Return for Fund B – Risk free rate) / Standard DeviationB = (20 – 2.75) / 18.55 = 0.930 M2 measure: M2A = Risk free rate + [(Return for Fund A – Risk free rate)/ Standard DeviationA] x Standard deviationMarket = 2.75 + [(18-2.75)/17.69] x 15.00 = 15.68% M2B = Risk free rate + [(Return for Fund B – Risk free rate)/ Standard DeviationB] x Standard deviationMarket = 2.75 + [(20-2.75)/18.55] x 15.00 = 16.70% Treynor Measure: TA = (Return for Fund A – Risk free rate) / BetaA = (18 – 2.75) / 0.90 = 16.94% TB = (Return for Fund A – Risk free rate) / BetaB = (20 – 2.75) / 1.25 = 13.80% Ex post alpha: RA = Return for Fund A - [Risk free rate + BetaA (Market return – Risk free rate)] = 18 – [2.75 + 0.90(16.5 – 2.75)] = 2.875% RB = Return for Fund B - [Risk free rate + BetaB (Market return – Risk free rate)] = 20 – [2.75 + 1.25(16.5 – 2.75)] = 0.0625% Part B Fund A earned the highest reward per unit of systematic risk Both the Treynor measure and ex post alpha measure reward per unit of systematic risk As per the calculations in Part A, both show a higher result for Fund A (Treynor is 16.94% for Fund A vs 13.80% for Fund B and ex post alpha is 2.875% for Fund A vs 0.0625% for Fund B) Part C Fund B earned the highest reward per unit of total risk Both the M2 measure and Sharpe ratio measure reward per unit of total risk As per the calculations in Part A, both show a higher result for Copyright © IFT All rights reserved www.ift.world Page Level III SS 17 Essay Quiz Solution (4 Questions, 24 minutes) Fund B (M2 is 16.70% for Fund B vs 15.68% for Fund A and Sharpe ratio is 0.93 for Fund B vs 0.862 for Fund A) Part D i Pure Sector Allocation Return for Consumer Nondurables The performance impact due to consumer nondurables sector allocation = (34% - 37%)(3.97% - 1.16%) = -0.084% The decision to underweight a sector that performed better than the overall benchmark resulted in a negative contribution to the performance of the Portfolio relative to the overall benchmark ii The Within Sector Allocation Return for Capital Goods 23%(-3.60% + 3.95%) = 0.081% The return of the portfolio in this sector is -3.60% while that of the sector benchmark is -3.95% and 23% is the weight of the benchmark’s holdings in the Capital Goods sector During this month the portfolio held capital goods stocks performed better than the sector benchmark contributing positively to the portfolio’s performance relative to the overall benchmark iii The Allocation/Selection Interaction Return for Energy (5%-4%)(1.25% - 1.02%) = 0.0023% The relative portfolio overweight in the Energy sector and the portfolio’s positive relative performance in the sector produced a positive return of 0.0023% Copyright © IFT All rights reserved www.ift.world Page Level III SS Essay Quiz (6 questions, 36 minutes) Carolyn Lopez Case Study QUESTION HAS THREE PARTS (A, B, C) FOR A TOTAL OF 16 MINUTES Carolyn Lopez is a 46-year-old Cardiovascular Surgeon She is meeting with Andrew Hilton, a financial advisor, to organize her finances During the interview process, Carolyn tells Hilton that she has been investing in venture capital funds At the same time, Hilton notes that Carolyn has been purchasing Treasury Inflation Protected Securities (TIPS) with a maturity of years Carolyn acknowledges that she can earn a higher return by investing in other fixed income securities but the fact that her real return remains unaffected by changes in inflation makes her feel content A Describe Carolyn’s utility function Contrast her utility function with that assumed in traditional finance theory (5 minutes) Carolyn prides herself on being a long term investor who really commits and backs her investments to perform well and she sticks with them even when markets are not performing well She sets a return objective of 20% on all her venture capital investments and until that objective isn’t met, she does not sell A doctor by profession, Carolyn is also an avid CNBC and Bloomberg viewer and reads the Wall Street Journal daily so that she can remain informed about any major financial news Recently her investment advisor recommended her to invest in a small technology company which develops applications for androids and smartphones but after some research on the web, she trusted her intuition and did not invest After some time, the technology company was acquired by a major mobile phone manufacturer and its stock prices went up drastically Hilton believes that Carolyn exhibits behavioral biases that interfere with an optimal investment allocation B Discuss how Carolyn’s behavior reflects: i Anchoring bias ii Overconfidence bias Explain how a rational economic individual in traditional finance would behave differently with respect to each bias (6 minutes) Carolyn holds a meeting with her investment manager every month and just like the very first meeting, she discusses her risk tolerance, investment objectives and constraints and whether Copyright © IFT All rights reserved www.ift.world Page Level III SS Essay Quiz (6 questions, 36 minutes) there has been a change in any of them since the last meeting The investment manager then adjusts the portfolio while keeping in mind the relative correlations between different asset classes Recently her portfolio was modified by replacing stocks with Money market instruments Hilton believes her portfolio allocation is not consistent with the Mean-Variance Framework (MVF) and that it has elements of the Behavioral Portfolio theory (BPT) as he perceives different asset allocations as layers Hilton also observes that Carolyn’s asset allocation always includes Treasury bonds and he thinks this is associated with mental accounting bias as she never invests all of her portfolio in risky assets C Determine whether Hilton’s observation about Carolyn’s portfolio allocation is correct Justify your response with appropriate reasons (5 minutes) Shaun Cross Case Study QUESTION HAS THREE PARTS (A, B, C) FOR A TOTAL OF 20 MINUTES Shaun Cross, CFA is a financial adviser at Blended Securities He annually reviews the investment policy statements of his clients to monitor any change in their risk taking ability and willingness, behavioral biases and personal circumstances Following are the profiles of three of Cross’s high-net-worth clients: Client 1: Mr Drew Bradley Drew Bradley is a 45-year-old corporate lawyer employed by an international firm He is married with one eighteen year old son who is about to start his college education Bradley is very successful and independent minded He has managed his own investment portfolio and was the only one in his family who earned a college degree and became known as an expert in his field Bradley is quick to make decisions and his portfolio is concentrated in higher risk stocks because he says that he is a smart investor and knows when to pick the right stocks that will outperform the market Bradley considers himself self-made and believes he can control the outcomes of investing since he has done very well in controlling non-investment activities He is very particular about the choices he has made in selecting stocks and has a portion of his investments in his employer’s stock A Identify the two biases exhibited by Drew Bradley (Overconfidence, Illusion of Self Control, Loss-aversion and Confirmation) Justify your response with one reason for each bias (6 minutes) Copyright © IFT All rights reserved www.ift.world Page Level III SS Essay Quiz (6 questions, 36 minutes) Client 2: Mrs Sallie Hudson Sallie Hudson is a 35-year-old, single mother of two children She is an investment banker by profession and works for a very well-known local bank She is very strong-willed and independent Mrs Hudson has told Cross during one of their meetings that she has always made decisions by “trusting her gut” and make decisions on the basis of information that is available to her or she can easily recall Most of the time she does not consult anyone while choosing securities for her portfolio She has been successful in choosing the right securities for her portfolio due to her foresight while the failures were a result of the exogenous factors Hudson further elaborates that she enjoys taking risks and is more of a contrarian B Identify the two biases exhibited by Mrs Sallie Hudson (Self-attribution, Status Quo, Availability and Framing) Justify your response with one reason for each bias and how she can overcome them (8 minutes) Client 3: Mrs Elizabeth Blake Elizabeth (Liz) Blake is a 60 year-old billionaire who inherited her wealth from her family She was the only child of her parents who started a clothing business which was both fashionable and affordable Blake’s father made her the CEO of his business before his demise eight years ago with the approval of the Board She is very cautious and places a great deal of emphasis on financial security and preserving wealth rather than taking undue risks both in her investment and non-investment activities She wants to focus on providing for her four grandchildren in terms of both education and home buying She is worried about the performance of her portfolio which consists mainly of her business’ listed shares and is not very comfortable with change C Identify a bias exhibited by Mrs Elizabeth Blake’s (Endowment, Framing and Representativeness) Justify your response with one reason and how she can overcome it (6 minutes) Copyright © IFT All rights reserved www.ift.world Page Level III SS Essay Quiz Solution (6 questions, 36 minutes) Carolyn Lopez Case Study Part A Carolyn has a risk-seeking (convex) utility function for gains and a risk-averse (concave) utility function for losses This is described by the Friedman-Savage Double-Inflection utility function with an inflection point where the function shifts from concave to convex This type of function explains why people may take low-probability, high-payoff risks (e.g investing in venture capital funds) while at the same time insuring against low-probability, low-payoff risks (e.g investing in TIPS) The concave portion of the utility function explains investing in low-payoff TIPS, while the convex portion of the function explains venture capital investments Traditional finance theory assumes risk aversion (concave utility function) at all levels of wealth, which would lead to rejection of all speculative investments having a negative expected return Template for Part B Behavioral bias i Anchoring bias ii Overconfidence bias Discuss how Carolyn’s behavior reflects each bias Explain how a rational economic individual in traditional finance would behave differently with respect to each bias Carolyn exhibits an anchoring bias as she has anchored a return of 20% in her mind and even when market conditions are not favorable, she is still not prepared to budge from her return objective A rational economic individual recognizes the prevailing economic and market conditions and takes the best decisions in light of the current circumstances and future forecasts so that an optimal investment plan can be achieved Carolyn exhibits an overconfidence bias as despite the recommendation of her investment advisor, she demonstrated unwarranted faith in her intuitive reasoning and judgment She turned down the advice based on very little research and trusted her cognitive abilities more than the information provided by the investment advisor A rational economic individual: • Should review his portfolio performance over at least two years so that not only does he recall the winners but also acknowledges all the losers which he picked based on his misguided belief in identifying a good investment • Should be objective when evaluating investments and should identify the reasons behind the results of investments so that they not lead to self-attribution and overconfidence • Should perform a post-investment analysis so that he can separate good decisions from bad ones Copyright © IFT All rights reserved www.ift.world Page Level III SS Essay Quiz Solution (6 questions, 36 minutes) Part C Hilton is incorrect that Carolyn’s portfolio allocation is inconsistent with the Mean-Variance Framework (MVF) and that it has elements of the Behavioral Portfolio Theory (BPT) An MVF investor constructs portfolios keeping in mind his risk tolerance, investment objectives and constraints, and circumstances Carolyn’s portfolio is mean-variance efficient as it incorporates all of these while also considering the relative correlation of returns between different asset classes Hilton is also incorrect in classifying different asset allocations as layers because layers, referred to in BPT, are mutually exclusive and they not take into account the relative correlations between different asset classes Simply having bonds as an asset class does not categorize an investor as someone exhibiting mental accounting bias A traditional investor can be risk averse and allocate considerable fraction of his portfolio to Fixed Income Securities A BPT investor will have multiple attitudes towards risk depending on which part of their wealth is being considered which is unlike traditional investors Shaun Cross Case Study Template for Part A Bias Overconfidence bias Illusion of control bias Justification Bradley believes that he is a smart investor because of his past success in choosing the risky investments Overconfidence bias leads market participants to overestimate their own intuitive ability or reasoning He believes he can control the outcomes of investments the way he has done with his non-investing activities Illusion of control leads people to believe that they can control or influence outcome, when in fact they cannot, and consequently hold inadequately diversified portfolios Template for Part B Bias Self-attribution bias Copyright © IFT All rights reserved Justification Sallie believes that it’s her foresight and talent which has led her to choose securities that have been beneficial while she blames external factors for her failures Self-attribution bias is a bias in which people take credit for successes and assign responsibilities for failures www.ift.world Page Level III SS Essay Quiz Solution (6 questions, 36 minutes) Availability bias She makes decisions on the basis of information that is available to her and relies on her “gut.” Availability bias is an information processing bias in which people take a heuristic approach to estimating the probability of an outcome based on how easily it comes to mind Easily recalled are perceived to be more likely than those which are harder to recall or understand Bias Self-attribution bias Mitigant Market participants can overcome the self-attribution bias by reviewing their trading records, identifying winners and losers and calculating portfolio performance This will help them acknowledge losers Post investment analysis is very important to be performed both on successful as well as unsuccessful investments To overcome the availability bias she needs to develop an appropriate investment policy strategy, carefully research and analyze investment decisions before making them and focus on long term A disciplined approach will help her develop asset allocations based on risk tolerances, return and constraint instead of overemphasizing the financial events that she can easily recall Availability bias Template for Part C Bias Endowment bias Copyright © IFT All rights reserved Justification Blake has inherited this business and hence her stake in the business She values this asset more and that is why she is concentrated in its stock She is also not comfortable with any change; effectively the ownership has endowed the asset with added value resulting in status quo bias too Endowment bias is an emotional bias in which people value asset more when they hold rights to it than when they not www.ift.world Page Level III SS Essay Quiz Solution (6 questions, 36 minutes) Mitigant Blake has inherited the business and the securities are her stake in the business, she can overcome it by asking the right questions She can also review the past performance of her portfolio and contemplate the reason underlying the recommendation She should familiarize with other securities because diversification is very important for overcoming the inappropriate asset allocation of her personal portfolio Copyright © IFT All rights reserved www.ift.world Page Level III II SS Essay Quiz (4 questions, 27 minutes) QUESTION HAS FOUR PARTS PART (A, B, C, D) FOR A TOTAL OF 27 MINUTES Helen White ite is 40 years old and works at a textile manufacturing company in the US She is a single mother and has a son Jeremy who is in his last year of high school Both Helen and her son Jeremy are in good health and their medical expenses are covered by Helen’s employer Helen’s husband passed sed away a few years ago He was a director at a technology company which at that time was performing very well However, according to their latest financial results, the company has declining profits and its share prices are headed downwards Helen’s annual ual salary equals USD 250,000 after tax and her living expenses are currently USD 200,000 She expects both her salary and living expenses to grow at the average inflation rate of 3% for the foreseeable future Helen is confident that her job and earnings potential is secure She plans to retire in 20 years at the age of 60 Helen currently lives with her son in a rented home Rent payment amount to USD 50,000 a year and are expected to grow at the average inflation rate The rent expense is not included in the living expense of $200,000 Helen’s father lives in a nursing home for which the annual expense next year will be USD 20,000 Previously, Helen’s brother, Steve, paid for these annual expenses However, Steve has just lost his job and cannot make the the payments anymore Starting next year, Helen will be paying her father’s nursing home expenses Her first nursing home payment will be made one year from today When Helen’s husband passed away, his assets were transferred to Helen’s name These include bank deposits of USD 400,000, shares shares in his company’s stock amounting to USD 500,000 and cash savings of USD 200,000 Jeremy is also applying to colleges this year Helen expects that his annual education expenses will be USD 50,000 for the next four years yea Helen is worried that her salary will not be enough to support her father and son’s expenses She decides to hire Ben Bourne, CFA, to manage her investable assets She informs him that she would like to maintain the inflation adjusted value of her portfolio po A Prepare the return objectives portion of Helen’s investment investment policy statement statement (3 minutes) B Calculate the after tax nominal rate of return that is required for the next year Show your calculations (10 minutes) Copyright © IFT All rights reserved www.ift.world Page Level III II SS Essay Quiz (4 questions, 27 minutes) C i Identify two factors in Helen’s situation that increases her ability to take risk ii Identify two factors in Helen’s situation that decreases her ability to take risk iii Determine whether Helen has below-average, below average, average, or above average ability to take risk (10 minutes) D Prepare the following constraints section of an IPS for Helen White: i Time horizon ii Liquidity (4 minutes) Copyright © IFT All rights reserved www.ift.world Page Level III SS Essay Quiz Solution (4 questions, 27 minutes) Topic: Individual PM Minutes: 27 Part A The return objective for Helen’s investment portfolio is to:  Provide for her son’s education expenses  Provide for her father’s nursing home expenses  Maintain inflation adjusted value of the portfolio Part B Cash flows: Inflows Salary Current Year 250,000 257,500 Living expenses 200,000 206,000 Rent payments 50,000 51,500 Nursing home expenses - 20,000 Education expenses - 50,000 250,000 327,500 - (70,000) Outflows Total outflows Net inflows/outflows Investable assets: Bank deposits 400,000 Stock 500,000 Cash savings Total asset base 200,000 1,100,000 Calculation of required return Outflows required next year Copyright © IFT All rights reserved 70,000 www.ift.world Page Level III SS Essay Quiz Solution (4 questions, 27 minutes) Divided by total asset base Equals after tax return Plus expected inflation rate Required after-tax nominal return – arithmetic Or Required after-tax nominal return geometric 1,100,000 6.36% 3.00% 9.36% 1.0636 x 1.03 9.55% Part C Two factors that increase ability to take risk Long term horizon She has a stable income She is relatively young and has high human capital Once her son completes his education, he will be independent This will result in lower living expenses and no further education expenses Two factors that decrease ability to take risk Moderate asset base relative to required cash flows from the portfolio Significant portion of the asset base is in one company’s stock which is on a decline High liquidity requirements (father’s nursing home costs and child’s college fees) Ability to take risk: Both below-average and average is acceptable Below-average Average Above-average Part D Prepare the constraints section of an IPS for Helen White: Time Horizon: Helen White has a multi-stage time horizon In the first stage (Year 1-4), she must provide for her son’s education expenses, her father’s nursing home expenses as well as living expenses In the second stage (Year 5-20), she has to provide for her own and her father’s living expenses Her third stage is retirement, which will begin 20 years from now Liquidity: Helen White requires her investment portfolio to provide for her son’s education expenses and her father’s nursing home expenses This is $50,000 + $20,000 = $70,000 Copyright © IFT All rights reserved www.ift.world Page Lev vel III SS Essay Quiz (23 minutes) Craig Smith is 65 years old and the owner of an automobile parts business that he founded over three decades ago Smith has two children, and both are employed in his business for over a decade now However his daughter is moving to another city with her family and has shown no further interest to be a part of his business Smith’s son has gone back to college and enrolled into a PhD program after his decision to become a professor of finance finance Both his children’s departure and plans to pursue other career opportunities have provided the motivation for Smith to consider selling or monetizing his business Phil Dunby is Smith’s financial adviser Following is the wealth distribution of Smith S shown in risk buckets: Personal Risk (4%) Home 1,300,000 Market Risk (6%) Equities 1,750,000 Mortgage Long-term bonds 1,250,000 Cash/T-bills Total 700,000 2,000,000 Total 3,000,000 Aspirational Risk (90%) Family 38,000,000 business Investment 7,000,000 real estate Total 45,000,000 Dunby after discussions with Smith and considering his lifetime spending needs has determined that a primary capital requirement of $36 million should be sufficient to sustain Smith’s current lifestyle with very little risk of running out of capital during his lifetime Dunby also tells Smith about the benefits of diversification and risk mitigation in case of a concentrated position He further explains that a sale to a strategic buyer or a recapitalization that would satisfy his prim primary capital requirement The following ollowing facts are also established:  Smith is attached to his identity as the CEO of his business  Smith is taxed at 15% capital gains tax rate, and the government is expected to increase the tax rate on capital gains effective the following year  Smith wants to spend more time with his grandchildren  Smith believes that his company needs capital infusion to survive in the market place and increase earnings A Discuss two factors each that favor a strategic buyer and a recapitalization (55 minutes) Smith ith decides on recapitalization and receives 85% of the value of the company in cash from a private equity firm, taxed at 15%, with investment real estate included in the transaction Assume that $9 million is added to Smith’s personal risk bucket and the remaining proceeds to his market risk bucket The private equity firm is ready to extend debt financing to Smith’s company on favorable terms B Calculate the after-tax tax amount monetized by the recapitalization and Smith’s value of the stake in business immediately mediately after recapitalization (5 minutes) C What is primary capital? Evaluate whether the amount monetized combined with Smith’s existing portfolio meets his requirement for $36 million in core capital Justify your answer (7 minutes) Copyright © IFT All rights reserved www.ift.world Page Lev vel III SS Essay Quiz (23 minutes) D Briefly describe three tools that are used to monetize a concentrated position in a publicly traded common stock Identify one advantage for each tool other than the fact that an immediate tax event is avoided The same advantage should not be repeated (6 minutes) Copyright © IFT All rights reserved www.ift.world Page ... contributions Reference: CFA Level III, Volume III, Study Session 8, Reading 16, Introduction to Asset Allocation, Section 5.2, LOS.d Copyright © IFT All rights reserved www .ift. world Page Level... strategies Reference: CFA Level III, Volume III, Study Session 8, Reading 16, Introduction to Asset Allocation, Section 6.2, LOS.g Copyright © IFT All rights reserved www .ift. world Page Level... for Oliver Reference: CFA Level III, Volume III, Study Session 8, Reading 17, Principles of Asset Allocation, Section 2.4.4, LOS.a Copyright © IFT All rights reserved www .ift. world Page Level