Mechanical engineers data handbook james carvill 1st edition

1'1 I L T A- - I- JAMES CARVll ! www.elsolucionario.org SOFTbank E-Book Center Tehran, Phone: 66403879,66493070 For Educational Use Mechanical Engineer’s Data Handbook www.elsolucionario.org SOFTbank E-Book Center Tehran, Phone: 66403879,66493070 For Educational Use To my daughters, Helen and Sarah www.elsolucionario.org SOFTbank E-Book Center Tehran, Phone: 66403879,66493070 For Educational Use Mechanical Engineer’s Data Handbook J Carvill IUTTERWO E I N E M A N N OXFORD AMSTERDAM BOSTON LONDON NEW YORK PARIS SAN DIEGO SAN FRANCISCO SINGAPORE SYDNEY TOKYO www.elsolucionario.org SOFTbank E-Book Center Tehran, Phone: 66403879,66493070 For Educational Use Butterworth-Heinemann An imprint of Elsevier Science Linacre House, Jordan Hill, Oxford OX2 8DP 200 Wheeler Road, Burlington MA 01803 First published 1993 Paperback edition 1994 Reprinted 1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000(twice), 2001 (twice), 2003 Copyright 1993, Elsevier Science Ltd All riehts reserved No part of this publication may be reproduced in any material form (includmg photocopying or storing in any medium by electronic means and whether or not transiently or incidentally to some other use of this publication) without the written permission of the copyright holder except in accordance with the provisions of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988 or under the terms of a licence issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency Ltd, 90 Tottenham Court Road, London, England WIT 4LP Applications for the copyright holder’s written permission to reproduce any part of this publication should be addressed to the publishers British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data Carvill, James Mechanical Engineer’s Data Handbook I Title 62 Library of Congress Cataloguing in Publication Data Carvill, James Mechanical engineer’s data handbook/James Carvill p an Includes index Mechanical engineering - Handbooks, manuals, etc I Title TD51.C36 62 1-dc20 92- 19069 CIP ISBN 7506 1960 I For information on all Butterworth-Heinemann publications visit our website at www.bh.com I Typeset by Vision Typesetting, Manchester Printed in Great Britain by Bookcraft (Bath) Ltd, Somerset www.elsolucionario.org SOFTbank E-Book Center Tehran, Phone: 66403879,66493070 For Educational Use Contents Preface vii Symbols used in text ix Strength of materials 1.1 Types of stress 1.2 Strength of fasteners 1.3 Fatigue and stress concentration 1.4 Bending of beams 1.5 Springs 1.6 Shafts 1.7 Struts 1.8 Cylinders and hollow spheres 1.9 Contact stress 1.10 Flat plates 17 24 32 38 46 48 51 53 A p p l i mechanics 2.1 Basic mechanics 2.2 Belt drives 2.3 Balancing 2.4 Miscellaneous machine elements 2.5 Automobile mechanics 2.6 Vibrations 2.7 Friction 2.8 Brakes, clutches and dynamometers 2.9 Bearings 2.10 Gears 56 56 65 68 70 77 79 83 87 90 95 Tbennodyanmics and heat transfer 3.1 Heat 3.2 Perfect gases 3.3 Vapours 3.4 Data tables 3.5 Flow through nozzles 3.6 Steam plant 3.7 Steam turbines 3.8 Gas turbines 3.9 Heat engine cycles 3.10 Reciprocating spark ignition internal combustion engines 3.1 Air compressors 102 3.12 3.13 3.14 3.15 3.16 Reciprocating air motor Refrigerators Heat transfer Heat exchangers Combustion of fuels 126 127 i28 137 139 102 I02 106 107 111 112 114 116 118 120 I24 Fluid mechanics 4.1 Hydrostatics 4.2 Flow of liquids in pipes and ducts 4.3 Flow of liquids through various devices 4.4 Viscosity and laminar flow 4.5 Fluid jets 4.6 Flow of gases 4.7 Fluid machines 146 146 148 152 155 157 160 165 Manufacturing technology 5.1 General characteristics of metal processes 5.2 Turning 5.3 Drilling and reaming 5.4 Milling 5.5 Grinding 5.6 Cutting-tool materials 5.7 General information on metal cutting 5.8 Casting 5.9 Metal forming processes 5.10 Soldering and brazing 5.11 Gas welding 5.12 Arc welding 5.13 Limits and fits 172 172 173 178 182 188 189 192 196 199 205 207 210 216 Engineering materials 6.1 Cast irons 6.2 Carbon steels 6.3 Alloy steels 6.4 Stainless steels 6.5 British Standard specification of steels 6.6 Non-ferrous metals 6.7 Miscellaneous metals 6.8 Spring materials 6.9 Powdered metals 6.10 Low-melting-point alloys 218 218 219 22 225 228 228 233 235 236 236 www.elsolucionario.org SOFTbank E-Book Center Tehran, Phone: 66403879,66493070 For Educational Use vi 6.11 6.12 6.13 6.14 6.15 6.16 6.17 6.18 6.19 6.20 6.21 MECHANICAL ENGINEER’S DATA HANDBOOK Miscellaneous information on metals Corrosion of metals Plastics Elastomers Wood Adhesives Composites Ceramics Cermets Materials for special requirements Miscellaneous information Engineering measurements 7.1 Length measurement 7.2 Angle measurement 7.3 Strain measurement 237 240 242 248 250 25 257 259 259 260 263 267 267 270 27 7.4 7.5 7.6 7.7 7.8 7.9 Temperature measurement Pressure measurement Flow measurement Velocity measurement Rotational-speed measurement Materials-testing measurements 274 279 28 283 284 285 General data 8.1 Units and symbols 8.2 Fasteners 8.3 Engineering stock 8.4 Miscellaneous data 288 288 293 304 308 Glossary of terms 31 Index 330 www.elsolucionario.org SOFTbank E-Book Center Tehran, Phone: 66403879,66493070 For Educational Use Preface There are several good mechanical engineering data books on the market but these tend to be very bulky and expensive, and are usually only available in libraries as reference books The Mechnical Engineer’s Data Handbook has been compiled with the express intention of providing a compact but comprehensive source of information of particular value to the engineer whether in the design office, drawing office, research and development department or on site It should also prove to be of use to production, chemical, mining, mineral, electrical and building services engineers, and lecturers and students in universities, polytechnics and colleges Although intended as a personal handbook it should also find its way into the libraries of engineering establishments and teaching institutions The Mechanical Engineer’s Data Handbook covers the main disciplines of mechanical engineering and incorporates basic principles, formulae for easy substitution, tables of physical properties and much descriptive matter backed by numerous illustrations It also contains a comprehensive glossary of technical terms and a full index for easy cross-reference would like to thank my colleagues at the University of Northumbria, at Newcastle, for their constructive suggestions and useful criticisms, and my wife Anne for her assistance and patience in helping me to prepare this book J Carvill www.elsolucionario.org SOFTbank E-Book Center Tehran, Phone: 66403879,66493070 For Educational Use www.elsolucionario.org SOFTbank E-Book Center Tehran, Phone: 66403879,66493070 For Educational Use Symbols used in text ~~ Acceleration Area d Anergy b Breadth b.p Boiling point Breadth, flux density B Clearance, depth of cut; specific heat C capacity Couple; Spring coil index; velocity C (thermodynamics); heat capacity Drag coefficient, discharge coefficient Cd Coefficient of performance COP Specific heat at constant pressure CP Specific heat at constant volume; velocity CY coefficient Calorific value cv Depth; depth of cut; diameter; d deceleration Depth; diameter; flexural rigidity D Strain; coefficient of restitution; e emissivity Young’s Modulus; energy; luminance; E effort EL Elastic limit; endurance limit ELONG% Percentage elongation Exergy f Frequency; friction factor; feed F Force; luminous flux F, Strain gauge factor FL Fatigue limit FS Factor of safety Acceleration due to gravity G Shear modulus; Gravitational constant Gr Grashof number h Height; thickness; specific enthalpy; shear, heat transfer coefficient h.t.c Heat transfer coefficient Enthalpy; height, magnetic field strength H i slope; operator Moment of inertia; Second moment of I area; luminous intensity, electric current a j A J k J-l K KE K, L rn m m.p M MA n N Ns Nu V P pr PE PS Q r R Re RE Ro S S SE s, t Operator J- Polar second moment of area Radius of gyration; coefficient of thermal conductivity; pipe roughness Bulk modulus; stress concentration factor Kinetic energy Wahl factor for spring Length Length Mass; mass per unit length; module of gear Mass flow rate Melting point Mass; moment; bending moment; molecular weight Mechanical advantage Index of expansion; index; number of; rotational speed Rotational speed; number of Specific speed Nusselt number Pressure; pitch Power; force; perimeter Prandtl number Potential energy Proof stress Heat quantity; volume flow rate; metal removal rate Radius; pressure or volume ratio Radius; electric resistance; reaction, thermal resistance; gas constant Reynolds number Refrigeration effect Universal gas constant Specific entropy; stiffness Entropy, shear force, thermoelectric sensitivity Strain energy Stanton number Temperature; thickness; time www.elsolucionario.org SOFTbank E-Book Center Tehran, Phone: 66403879,66493070 For Educational Use ... Publication Data Carvill, James Mechanical Engineer’s Data Handbook I Title 62 Library of Congress Cataloguing in Publication Data Carvill, James Mechanical engineer’s data handbook/ James Carvill. .. of various sounds, 309 Lubricant materials, 263 MA see Mechanical advantage Machines, MECHANICAL ENGINEER’S DATA HANDBOOK efficiency, 63 mechanical advantage 63 velocity ratio, 63 Machine tool... good mechanical engineering data books on the market but these tend to be very bulky and expensive, and are usually only available in libraries as reference books The Mechnical Engineer’s Data Handbook