Electric machinery fundamentals 4e

ELECTRIC MACHINERY FUNDAMENTALS ELECTRIC MACHINERY FUNDAMENTALS FO URTH EDITION Stephen J Chapman BAE SYSTEMS Australia Higher Education Boston Burr Ridge, IL Dubuque, IA Madison , WI New York San Francisco SI l ouis Bangkok Bogota Caracas Kuala l umpur Lisbon London Madrid Mexico City Mi lan Montreal New Delhi Santiago Seoul Singapore Sydney Taipei Toronto • Higher Education ELECTRIC M ACHINERY RJNDAMENTALS FOURTH EDITION Published by McGraw-H ill a business unit of The McGraw-H ill Companies Inc., 1221 Avenue of the Americas, New Yort NY 10020 Copyright 2005, 1999 1991 1985 by The McGraw,Hill Companies Inc All rights reserved No part of this publication may be reproduced or distributed in any form or by any means or stored in a database or retrieval system without the prior written con' sent of The McGraw-H ill Companies Inc., including but not limited to, in any network or other electronic storage or transmission or broadcast for distance learning Some ancillaries including electronic and prim components may not be available to customers out, side the United States This book is printed on acid'free paper 1234567890DOaDOC09876543 ISBN 07- 246523 Publisher: Elizabeth A Jones Senior sponsoring editor: Carlise Paulson Managing developmental editor: EmilyJ Lupash Marketing manager: Val''"" R Bercier Senior project manager: Sheila M Frank Senior production supervisor: Laura Fuller Senior media project manager: Tammy Juran Senior designer: Da\·id W Hash Lead photo research coordinator: Carrie K Burger Compositor: GAC- Indianapolis Typeface: /0//2 Times Rotnlln Printer: R R Donnelley Crawfordsville IN Libmry of Co n ~ress Gltalo~in~-in-l'ublic:ltion Chapman Stephen J Electric machinery fundamentals / Stephen Chapman p em Includes index ISBN 0-07- 246523 I E lectric machinery I T itle T K2000.C46 2005 621.31 ·042 -dc22 2003065174 CIP www.mhhe.oom 4th ed Data THIS WORK IS DEDICATED WITH LOVE TO MY MOTHER, LOUI SE G CHAPMAN , ON THE OCCASION OF HER EIGHTY-RFfH BIRTHDAY ABOUT THE AUTHOR Ste phen J Chapman received a B.S in Electrical Engineering from Lo uisiana State University ( 1975) and an M.S.E in Electrical Engineering from the University of Central Florida ( 1979), and pursued further graduate studies at Rice University From 1975 to 1980, he served as an offi cer in the U.S Navy, assigned to teach electrical engineering at the U.S Naval Nuclear Power School in Orlando, Florida From 1980 to 1982, he was affiliated with the University of Houston, where he ran the power systems program in the College of Technology From 1982 to 1988 and from 1991 to 1995, he served as a me mber of the technical stafT of tile Massachusetts Institute of Technology's Lincoln Laboratory, both at the main facility in Lexington, Massachusetts, and at the fie ld site on Kwajalein Atoll in the Republic of the Marshall Islands While there, he did research in radar signal processing systems He ultimate ly became the leader of four large operational range instrumentation radars at the Kwajalein field site (TRADEX, ALTAIR, ALCOR, and MMW) From 1988 to 1991 , Mr Chapman was a research engineer in Shell Development Company in Houston, Texas, where he did seismic signal processing research He was also affiliated with the University of Houston, where he continued to teach on a part-time basis Mr Chapman is currently manager of syste ms modeling and operational analysis for BAE SYSTEMS Australia, in Me lbourne Mr Chapman is a senior member of the Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers (and several of its component societies) He is also a me mber of the Association for Computing Machinery and the Institutio n of Engineers (Australia) vu 735 SA LIENT-POLE THEORY OF SYNC HR ONOUS MACHINES P = Pd+ Pq = V4>ld cos (900- 8) + V¥q cos (C- 9) = 3V4>ld sin8+ V4> lq cos From Figure C-6, the direct-axis c urrent is given by _ EA - \j, cos ld X , (C-I O) and the quadrature-axis current is given by _ V1> sin lq X , (C-II ) Substituting Equations (C- IO) and (C-ll ) into Equation (C- 9) yields P = 3V1> ( = 3V1>EA X , Since, sin cos = P= 8)sin + 3V1>( V1> Xqsin 8)cos (I 1) sin + vt X - X sin cos EA - V1> cos X; " ~s in 28, this expression reduces to 3V2(Xd - X) q sin25 3VE 1> Asin5+~ Xd J[lI>01DlO1ive force, 27 ~Ipitcb, 707_716 fno::1ioruol _pitcb coil 709-712 fno::1ioruol _pitcb wiDdi"W', 712-716 barmooicpob , 712-716 pitch of o ooil708-700 oymcJ.""""" l!,,,,on'or, 274 Commoa "'""'" , ~" OOIIllDItation 4~89 OOIIllDIta1Or, 473, ~19, ~21 ,'!23 OOIIlJ>O"SIIIilll winding., ~ IW 13 coastn>ction ~ IW2J efficiency, ~24 fum _loop mxbillO, 48~-4\1O froJI-Ie! wit>di,,!!, ~1 j(J2 Il"lIOJaton SN de go,.,,"'01'1 iMul" ioo, ~21 ,'!2J LJiIdI vohgo, ~ lap wit>di,,!!, 49l-497 Io. oquipme.t, OffOCieDCY, ~92-,'!94 "'lui circuit, ~73 ~3~ ,'!>6 10 m-,w3 DIlIg ,; tioa curve, Hli-,'!38 motor.otarting circuit! HW82 PMDC moton, ~~2 J>OP"Iacity, ~34 >epanoely oxciled or, ~JWJ9, ~~1 SN 000 S _ de~ _ie de motor ~2 ,'!68 • t.rnI de mot"", ~3B-.'!39 SN abo Shu.t de motor loIid_ ,e de motor "","roller, ~8~ ,'!92 SN also Sclid_ do:: motornard 'Y""'" ~83-,'!&,! de motor tarting circllib, SlB-.'!82 de Ie", oB4-4.l~ dc-to-do:: etic etic ctioo motorono::taiu V M., 1ic f>tld 8-21 bolie Fri""iples I ifm 0I .up 32 n FIIMIoy"' 28-32 rri 1Joa 14 itoioced _ l4-J.'I ~0I-,,402 - pel;" "" i., m.;~ 11_21 ~oJ.8-IO field 1J1-246 .s _ Roari", pic f 1d impIo loop 2.JO ZJ8 "os"·ph_ iDIO"ppOf 6~74 abo ples 1'9 ",ndlo, 496 Multiple.o!Olor Indlo, 4J8 Multiple ";r>Ut> SO.&Je-tltI- ioGICIi"" I}"~" 346-31'9 Sy _ _5< Mapl;" "" liIy 21 Mapliulioo 21 22 de _or•• 53~3! 545 """'I'"",at"'' '"' np 51WLJ Knee 21 L dildt r 1d il""'I)' 10 MapIic flu 7.17 MapIic flu do";'y 10 1~21 737 MapIic , _ c _ 432-434 MapIic pl- 502 106-](17 011: &equoncy nolinp 1l6-1.18 Mo_ nt S tini" of Moch col cIopromo gonontor, 732 ymcJ.OGOWi geDmlior, !l9-280 symcJ.ODOOIS motor, 349 tnmsfonoor,IOO-101 Pilot xciler, 271 Pitch foetor, 491, 712 Pitch of ooil, 708-700 PlY, 154 Plex (armature windiog.) 492 PloW"l,41O PMOC motar, ~~9-j62 PNPN diode, I~m Pol dwipD,I;, 436-438 PoI.faee,~18 PoI.piece ~18 Pol pitch, 701! PoI.oboe.,~18 I'ooition """", 6/7 I'ooitiv.groop, 21 Pot ••tiol tnrufor r, 68, 141 _r,7 11 oir gap, 3~, 397 4()Ij _ " ' , 49-j(] Su aIu> de_to-q>per DIAC , I~8 diode, 1~3 _ 154 010 tbyJUtor, I S7 hormonic poblem.!, 2U_221 IOBT,161_ 162 in_oro 193 10} PNPN diode, I~m power tnmsUtor, 160 powerlsJ-d coonparUoru, 162 I"lsecircoit.,111_ ln I"Ise yr>chnJDizatioo, In rectifier circuits 163_ 170 Su aI>o Roctifio:r circuits rectifier_i""" r 193 109 Su aoo ~" SCR 1~~ _ lS7 TRIAC, 1~8-1~9 voltay voriatioo ( IIchrnnow g""""or, 328 yr>chrnnow ImIor, 360-J63 Pwer ~mits, 327 PwerOll',71 Pwer tnmsfor "" 6/ Pwer tnmsis'or ( PTR~ 160 Pwer triangle, ~I -.B 700-703 Pwer_foetor correc:tiOll, 360-.J63 Pwer_no diogom, 262 "" g."""or, 262, 263, 280-Z81 ~26 ""motor, 263, ~26 ingle_pbose induoctioo motor, 660 J>r.for d or chrnnow motor, 3~1 Polo circuits, 171 _ ln Polo• • yr>clmniuion, In Pol_width 1IlOWhtti0ll, 202 Pol_width 1IlOWhtti0ll (indooctior> motor,~ 444 447 Pol_width 1IlOWhtti0ll (PWM) i""""',",202-209 Posh bot'OIl.wi,d>e., ~78 S79 Posho"", 'orq •• , 460 461 PWM drive (indoclion 1OOI0IlI ~ 444 447 PWM illvonon, 202-209 A" _ :y1s!-d of rotatiOll, U~ MATLAB prognm, 24~246 "''''''''ing direction ~6 R0001iog 1nn>formo:r, 386 Roootiomllosse.r, 3~ Roootiomi motion 3-,'1 Rotor, 231 473 Rotor coils, 490-492 Rotor _ 1o (R(1) 261 662 Rotor reactao::e 391 Rotor Up 386 Rotor windiog , 26/ 492-493 Runa y, ~~ ~1~J-162 leak"8",417 Salie., pole, 26/, ~21 Salie.,_poI machine., 247 Salient_pol rotor, 268, 269 Salient_pole symcJ.OIIOUS ll"DOH'or, 728-734 Salient_pole 1beory of yr>chrnnow machine 727_736 S"' od ynd>romo ",octane., 286 S"' ion curv., 21 S"' ion regiOll, 21 cyclocon_ ~18 Su aIu> magnetizing, 389 quachronoIU 731 SQ.,261 Cyclocollvon ,.- direct yr>chrnnolU, 731 induction motors , 4.17 4~8 sec, 284 744 IN DEX Soou-T~ BI.1l2 SCR.I»-I ~ SCR.- _110< dmoi s.r Solid ., '" >l1II.do_OOIIIroIIo< »>-m sec-:I.y windi,,&- 66 Solf.a>mllllltllliooo ", run 19~ Solf-eq lillnl windill,l; ~1 ~2 Solf••tanial ,duc\ao;:e ~ 66.'1 666 s., r.ltly ""iled 8"",,, 11, ~ _u_ SiIiptdaa: 4(J7 n .a -: oad 1n-4(17 n.c - Elibu ay""'-'- apcilor )6.1 ay""'-'-.- ~ 171-312 ~~~.utic , " ", odofOu:i dIovuucited, l56-l!l7 V < J56 """so 313 S~"""" flljj,,,.11l-l73 S~ _ V C'UtYO 156 Syacbr""""" 10'''''''Il0l 276., 28.5 Sya.d>raooopo MJ-104 Syacbr_d _ 666 667 Sy"~"" J"' """" (51) 54 737 Sr oIson::y Cfclooorrv.:" r, 200 Varioble-line-vol1loS' •.,-1 ctor movloS i magDOlic f ld, ~, cwmJatjvoly compoW>CIror>ow """or, 3Tl Thovenio, 406-407 three pIw>o circuil, ~ three pIw>o , of coil~ ~3 rnnsform ,I34 Y oonoocUOII, 685 -68Il Vo/rage Wi]Wp (shlUl' S., nllor) ~ Vo/rage dividoor rul., 406 Vo/r age nllio ocross lnMf",, , 78-80 Vol,,,!!,, gub'ioo (VR) oe Dl:lCbino.s, 262-263 full _lood, 100 oy~ !l"DOn,or , 290-291 1r1mSf"""",,", 100 Volr"!!,, "gub ,or, 109 Volr"!!""",,,,co illVOnor (VSl), I~, 196, 199-202 VR Su Vo/rage rogulariOCtioool _pircb,249,712-716 froS-IoS, 501 -502 b p,493 -497 rwlripl ""or, 438 pimory, 66 pogre"ivo,492 _ogre ivo 492 rot",, 492 -493 cor>