Facility piping systems handbook for industrial, commercial

www.elsolucionario.net FACILITY PIPING SYSTEMS HANDBOOK www.elsolucionario.net ABOUT THE AUTHOR Michael Frankel, CPD, is president of Utility Systems Consultants He has more than 45 years of experience in the plumbing industry and engineering and design profession, and is the author of several books www.elsolucionario.net FACILITY PIPING SYSTEMS HANDBOOK For Industrial, Commercial, and Healthcare Facilities Michael Frankel, CPD Third Edition New York Chicago San Francisco Lisbon London Madrid Mexico City Milan New Delhi San Juan Seoul Singapore Sydney Toronto www.elsolucionario.net Copyright © 2010, 2002, 1996 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc All rights reserved Except as permitted under the United States Copyright Act of 1976, no part of this publication may be reproduced or distributed in any form or by any means, or stored in a database or retrieval system, without the prior written permission of the publisher ISBN: 978-0-07-159722-7 MHID: 0-07-159722-0 The material in this eBook also appears in the print version of this title: ISBN: 978-0-07-159721-0, MHID: 0-07-159721-2 All trademarks are trademarks of their respective owners Rather than put a trademark symbol after every occurrence of a trademarked name, we use names in an editorial fashion only, and to the benefit of the trademark owner, with no intention of infringement of the trademark Where such designations appear in this book, they have been printed with initial caps McGraw-Hill eBooks are available at special quantity discounts to use as premiums and sales promotions, or for use in corporate training programs To contact a representative please e-mail us at bulksales@mcgraw-hill.com Information contained in this work has been obtained by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc (“McGraw-Hill”) from sources believed to be reliable However, neither McGraw-Hill nor its authors guarantee the accuracy or completeness of any information published herein, and neither McGraw-Hill nor its authors shall be responsible for any errors, omissions, or damages arising out of use of this information This work is published with the understanding that McGraw-Hill and its authors are supplying information but are not attempting to render engineering or other professional services If such services are required, the assistance of an appropriate professional should be sought TERMS OF USE This is a copyrighted work and The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc (“McGraw-Hill”) and its licensors reserve all rights in and to the work Use of this work is subject to these terms Except as permitted under the Copyright Act of 1976 and the right to store and retrieve one copy of the work, you may not decompile, disassemble, reverse engineer, reproduce, modify, create derivative works based upon, transmit, distribute, disseminate, sell, publish or sublicense the work or any part of it without McGraw-Hill’s prior consent You may use the work for your own noncommercial and personal use; any other use of the work is strictly prohibited Your right to use the work may be terminated if you fail to comply with these terms THE WORK IS PROVIDED “AS IS.” McGRAW-HILL AND ITS LICENSORS MAKE NO GUARANTEES OR WARRANTIES AS TO THE ACCURACY, ADEQUACY OR COMPLETENESS OF OR RESULTS TO BE OBTAINED FROM USING THE WORK, INCLUDING ANY INFORMATION THAT CAN BE ACCESSED THROUGH THE WORK VIA HYPERLINK OR OTHERWISE, AND EXPRESSLY DISCLAIM ANY WARRANTY, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE McGraw-Hill and its licensors not warrant or guarantee that the functions contained in the work will meet your requirements or that its operation will be uninterrupted or error free Neither McGraw-Hill nor its licensors shall be liable to you or anyone else for any inaccuracy, error or omission, regardless of cause, in the work or for any damages resulting therefrom McGraw-Hill has no responsibility for the content of any information accessed through the work Under no circumstances shall McGraw-Hill and/or its licensors be liable for any indirect, incidental, special, punitive, consequential or similar damages that result from the use of or inability to use the work, even if any of them has been advised of the possibility of such damages This limitation of liability shall apply to any claim or cause whatsoever whether such claim or cause arises in contract, tort or otherwise www.elsolucionario.net To my daughter Janice, who died in an auto accident January 18, 2007 www.elsolucionario.net This page intentionally left blank www.elsolucionario.net CONTENTS Preface to the Third Edition xxiii Chapter Codes and Standards 1.1 General / 1.1 American Gas Association (AGA) / 1.2 American National Standards Institute (ANSI) / 1.2 American Petroleum Institute (API) / 1.2 American Society of Heating, Refrigerating, and Air Conditioning Engineers (ASHRAE) American Society of Plumbing Engineers (ASPE) / 1.2 American Society of Testing and Materials (ASTM) / 1.3 American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME) / 1.3 American Society of Sanitary Engineers (ASSE) / 1.3 American Water Works Association (AWWA) / 1.3 American Welding Society (AWS) / 1.4 Compressed Gas Association (CGA) / 1.4 Current Good Manufacturing Practice (cGMP) / 1.4 Code of Federal Regulations (CFR) / 1.4 Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) / 1.4 Food and Drug Administration (FDA) / 1.5 ISO 9000 / 1.5 Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) / 1.5 Model Regional Building Codes / 1.6 Manufacturers Standardization of the Valve and Fittings Industry (MSS) / 1.6 National Electrical Manufacturers Association (NEMA) / 1.6 National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) / 1.6 National Institutes of Health (NIH) / 1.7 National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) / 1.7 Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) / 1.7 National Sanitation Foundation, International (NSF) / 1.7 Underwriters Laboratories (UL) / 1.7 3-A Standards / 1.8 Additional Standards / 1.8 Chapter Piping / 1.2 2.1 Pipe and Component Selection Criteria Code Acceptance / 2.1 Pressure and Temperature Ratings Corrosion Resistance / 2.2 Physical Strength / 2.4 Fire Resistance / 2.4 Availability / 2.4 / 2.2 vii www.elsolucionario.net viii CONTENTS Metallic Pipe and Piping Materials Aluminum (AL) / 2.4 Brass (BR) / 2.4 Cast Iron Soil Pipe (CI) / 2.5 Acid-Resistant Cast Iron (AR) / 2.6 Carbon Steel (ST) / 2.6 Copper / 2.6 Ductile Iron Pipe (DI) / 2.7 Lead (LD) / 2.7 Stainless Steel (SS) / 2.8 Corrugated Steel Pipe / 2.10 Other Metallic Piping Materials / 2.10 Plastic Pipe and Piping Materials Key Properties of Plastic Pipe / 2.12 Description and Classification / 2.13 Plastic Pipe Standards and Nomenclature Elements for Selection / 2.16 Permeability / 2.18 Plastic Pipe Materials / 2.20 / 2.14 Other Piping Materials Asbestos Cement Pipe (ACP) / 2.24 Glass (GL) / 2.24 Vitrified Clay (VC) / 2.25 Concrete Pipe / 2.25 Fiber Reinforced Plastic (FRP) / 2.25 Fittings Code Considerations / 2.26 Fitting Types / 2.26 Fitting Materials / 2.27 Joints Metallic Pipe Joints / 2.29 Welding / 2.35 Flanged / 2.38 Hinged Clamp / 2.39 Adapters / 2.41 Joints for Plastic Piping / 2.42 Joints for FRP Piping / 2.43 Double-Wall Piping Valves General / 2.47 Codes and Standards / 2.47 Valve Components / 2.47 Valve Body Materials / 2.48 Valve Actuators / 2.49 Operating and Torque Considerations Firesafe Valves / 2.53 Valve Ratings / 2.54 / 2.52 www.elsolucionario.net INDEX Above-ground storage tank (AST), 12.26 atmospheric tank venting, 12.29 corrosion protection, 12.26 delivery system, 12.31 overfill prevention, 12.29 spill containment, 12.29 system monitoring, 12.30 tank connection and access, 12.28 tank fill, 12.29 vapor recovery, 12.29 Absolute compressed air pressure, 14.3 Absolute filter rating, 3.3 Absolute micron filter rating, 3.3 Absolute vacuum pressure, 15.2 Abstraction, 6.33 Acid neutralizers, 3.29 Acidification of animal drinking water, 16.5 Acid waste and vent system, 10.4 hydrochloric, 10.8 nitric, 10.8 oleum, 10.7 perchloric, 10.8 phosphoric, 10.7 sulfuric, 10.6 Activated carbon filters, 3.15 Actual cubic feet per minute, 14.3 Adapters, piping 2.42 Adiabatic compression, 8.11 Adiabatic process, 14.2 Adjusted rainfall, 6.42 Adsorption, 3.2 Aeration, 4.16 Aftercooler, 14.16 air cooled, 14.17 refrigerant, 14.17 water cooled, 14.17 Aggressiveness index, 4.15 Air compressor, 14.11 drives, 14.25 Air compressor (Cont.): duty cycle, 14.40 regulation, 14.26 blow-off, 14.26 continuous method, 14.26 discontinuous method, 14.26 unloading, 14.27 starting unloader, 14.26 types, 14.11 Air freezing index, 5.33 Air gap, 9.36 Air-ground conversion factor, 5.35 Air-purifying respirator, 17.21 Air rotary well drilling, 6.128 Algae, 4.11 Alkalinity, 4.7 All service insulation jacket, 5.9 Allowable compressed air leakage, 14.36 Allowable nuclear radiation levels, 10.12 Alluvial material, 6.3 Alpha radiation, 10.11 Aluminum jackets, 5.9 American Gas Association, 1.2 American National Standards Institute, 1.2 American Petroleum Institute, 1.2 American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air Conditioning Engineers, 1.2 American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1.3 American Society of Plumbing Engineers, 1.2 American Society of Sanitary Engineers, 1.3 American Society for Testing and Materials, 1.3 American Water Works Association, 1.3, 1.4 American Welding Society, 1.4 Animal drinking water: automated central supply, 16.2 bottles, 16.2 disinfection and medication, 16.4 drinking valves, 16.5 equipment sanitizing, 16.17 flushing system, 16.3 I.1 www.elsolucionario.net I.2 INDEX Animal drinking water (Cont.): monitoring systems, 16.17 pressure-reducing station, 16.5 rack manifold, 16.2 configurations, 16.6 system sizing, 16.8 systems, 16.2 treatment, 16.3 Animal facility: equipment washing, 16.17 piping systems, 16.1 Animal room: cage flushing water system, 16.12 cleaning and drainage practices, 16.8 drainage system sizing, 16.17 hose stations, 16.12 liquid cleaning agent systems, 16.12 solid waste disposal, 16.14 waste disposal, 16.15 Anions, 4.29 Aquiclude, 6.4 Aquifer, 6.3 classifications, 6.3 Artesian aquifer, 6.4 As low as reasonably achievable radiation, 10.12 AST (see Above-ground storage tank) Atmospheres, 15.3 Atmospheric pressure, 15.3 Atmospheric type vacuum breaker, 9.51 Available public sewer, 6.74 Average watershed slope, 6.28 Axial flow air compressor, 14.11 Backflow prevention: high (severe) hazard, 6.108 medium (moderate) hazard, 6.110 nonhazardous (minor) hazard, 6.110 Barometer, 15.3 Basket strainers, 3.6 Bedding for underground pipe, 6.63 Berrigan equation, 5.33 Beta radiation, 10.11 Beta rating, 3.3 Biological fouling, 4.13 Biosafety containment (Levels 1–4), 10.19 Blackwater, 19.1 Blast gates, 15.46 Booster pump system, 9.67 Bourdon vacuum gauge, 15.15 Breathing air: aftercoolers, 16.27 carbon monoxide converter, 17.28 compressor, 17.26 CO monitor, 17.31 Breathing air (Cont.): coalescing filter/separator, 17.26 component selection and sizing, 17.28 contaminants, 17.25 carbon dioxide, 17.25 carbon monoxide, 17.25 odor, 17.28 solid particles, 17.25 water and water vapor, 17.28 cylinder storage, 17.29 desiccant dryers, 17.30 dew point monitor, 17.32 failure to shift monitor, 17.32 generation, 17.28 high pressure cylinder storage, 17.29 high temperature air monitor, 17.32 humidifiers, 17.30 low air pressure monitor, 17.31 moisture separator, 17.20 odor removal, 17.28 oxygen deficiency monitor, 17.31 pipe sizing and materials, 17.31 pressure reducer, 17.29 purification methods, 17.23 purity, 17.23 refrigerated dryers, 17.29 respirators, 16.22 respirator hose, 17.28 respirator manifold, 17.28 selection of purification components, 17.28 system operating range, 17.20 systems, 17.19 Breathing hazard levels, 17.21 British thermal unit (Btu), 5.2 Building classes, 5.1 Building house sewer, 9.18 Building officials code authority, 1.6 Buoyant tank force, 12.45 Buried piping design, 6.47 in embankment, 6.49 negative projection, 6.49 positive projection, 6.49 restraint for underground pipe: clamps and tie rods, 6.113 integral joint restraint, 6.113 thrust blocks, 6.116 in trench, 6.147 in tunnel, 6.147 Cable tool well drilling, 6.128 Calcium silicate insulation, 5.8 Cantilever pumps, 9.16 Capacitance vacuum gauge, 15.16 www.elsolucionario.net INDEX Cartridge depth filter, 3.16 housings, 3.17 media, 3.16 acrylic copolymer, 3.17 depth filters, 3.16 glass, 3.17 nylon, 3.17 polypropylene, 3.17 polysulfone, 3.17 PTFE, 3.17 filter seals, 3.17 Catch basins, 6.10 Cations, 4.7 Cellular glass insulation, 5.7 Centistrokes, 12.2 Centrifugal air compressors, 14.15 Centrifugal vacuum pump, 15.11 Chlorides, 4.10 Chlorination of animal drinking water, 16.4 Circuit and loop vents, 9.35 Clarification, 4.17 Clay, 7.2 Cleanouts, 9.6 Coaxial liquid fuel fill hose, 12.12 Code of federal regulations, 1.4 Cold Region Research and Engineering Laboratory (CRREL), U.S Army, 5.21 Colloids, 4.10 Colony forming units, 4.4 Color, 4.10 Combination type grate, 6.11 Combination vacuum cleaning system, 15.43 Combustible liquid, 12.2 Compound type water meter, 9.51 Compressed air: activated carbon filters, 14.18 after-filters, 14.18 automatic bucket traps, 14.21 automatic electronic trap, 14.21 automatic float traps, 14.21 coalescing filter, 14.18 combination filters, 14.18 compressors, 14.11 drain traps, 14.21 dryer selection, 14.26 dryers, 14.21 absorption, 14.22 adsorption, 14.23 high pressure, 14.21 refrigerant, 14.22 elevation correction factor, 14.4 filter selection, 14.20 filters, 14.18 flow rate measurement, 14.3 I.3 Compressed air (Cont.): for health care facilities, 14.90 hose and fittings, 14.29 impurities, 14.9 gas, 14.10 liquids, 14.10 particulates, 14.10 vapor, 14.10 inlet filters, 14.19 instrumentation, 14.56 intake air filters, 14.19 lubricators, 14.26 mechanical separation, 14.18 oil removal filters, 14.18 piping system design, 14.79 point of use filters, 14.18 prefilters, 14.18 pressure measurement, 14.2 receivers, 14.27 relative humidity, 14.5 separators, 14.20 active, 14.20 passive, 14.20 silencers, 14.16 temperature correction factor, 14.5 use factor, 14.32 water vapor, 14.5 Compressed gas, 14.2 corrosive, 14.60 cryogenic, 14.60 cylinder storage, 14.60 flammable, 14.60 flow meters, 14.68 for health care facilities, 14.90 inert gases, 14.59 low-temperature cutoff, 14.72 oxidizers, 14.59 pyrophoric, 14.60 toxic and poisonous, 14.60 Compressed gas association, 1.4 Condensation prevention by insulation, 5.13 Conductance, 5.2 Conduction, 5.3 Conductivity, 5.3 Confined aquifer, 6.4 Consolidated rocks, 6.3 Constant flow breathing air system, 17.20 Containment sump, 12.17 Continuous deionization, 4.29 Convection, 5.3 Conventional large roof storm water drainage, 9.42 Conventional small roof storm water drainage, 9.40 www.elsolucionario.net I.4 INDEX Cooling water conditioning, 4.12 Cooling water for air compressors, 14.12 Corrosion, 4.13 Corrosion protection for USTs, 12.7 Cosmic radiation, 10.11 Crevice attack corrosion, 4.12 Critical inlet, 6.29 Crown vented traps, 9.9 Cryogenic dewers, 8.4 Cryogenic gas, 8.1 Cryogenic, 8.1 adiabatic compression, 8.11 codes, 8.2 engineering materials, 8.13 flow measurement, 8.14 insulation, 8.12 physical properties, 8.6 pipe material, 8.12 pipe sizing, 8.13 pressure reducing valve, 8.11 sizing tanks, 8.4 storage, 8.3 Curb type grate, 6.17 Curb valve, 6.108 Current good manufacturing practice, 1.4 Cylinder bank, 14.60 Cylinder manifold, 14.65 differential, 14.66 fully automatic, 14.66 manual, 14.66 materials, 14.65 semiautomatic, 14.66 Deaeration, 4.17 Dealkalizing, 4.18 Decarbonation, 4.18 Deep bed sand filters, 3.12 Deformation of pipe at structures, 6.62 Degrees Celsius, 5.2 Degrees Fahrenheit, 5.2 Degrees Kelvin, 5.2 Degrees Rankine, 5.2 Deliquescent compressed air dryer, 14.23 Demand flow breathing air system, 17.20 Dendritic ice, 5.22 Dental air compressor assembly, 14.100 Dental compressed air, 14.100 pressure and flow rate, 14.114 Dental vacuum system, 15.31 diversity factor, 15.33 exhaust, 15.35 flow rates, 15.33 pipe material, 15.37 pressure, 15.33 Dental vacuum system (Cont.): pumps, 15.32 separators, 15.32 sizing, 15.37 Depression storage, 6.32 Depth filter, 3.3 Depth of freeze in soils, 5.32 Desiccant compressed air dryer, 14.23 Desiccant dryers, 14.23 heat activated, 14.23 pressure swing, 14.23 Design storm, 6.19 Dew point of compressed air, 14.5 Diaphragm air compressors, 14.12 Diaphragm type vacuum pump, 15.11 Diaphragm vacuum gauge, 15.16 Diatomaceous earth filters, 3.15 Direct fill port, 12.12 Direct operated PRV, 9.61 Disk type water meter, 9.51 Dispenser pan, 12.26 Displacement type air compressors, 14.11 Display fountain: fill and drain, 18.1 filters, 18.3 flow through, 18.1 lights, 18.2 pool recirculation system, 18.2 recirculation type, 18.2 Display pool: heater, 18.5 overflows, 18.5 vacuum cleaning, 18.4 water makeup, 18.4 water treatment, 18.5 Dissolved gases, 4.6 Dissolved iron, 4.5 Dissolved magnesium, 4.5 Dissolved minerals, 4.5 Dissolved organics, 4.4 Dissolved silica, 4.5 Dissolved trace elements, 4.6 Distillation, 4.19 multieffect, 4.19 single-stage, 4.19 vapor compression, 4.20 Domestic water supply, 6.151 Double check valve backflow preventer, 9.51 Double-wall shell and tube heat exchangers, 9.83 Downfeed water supply systems, 9.55 Drainage: fixture units, 9.2 inlets, 6.10 www.elsolucionario.net INDEX Drainage (Cont.): pipe sizing, 6.32, 6.89, 6.96 structures, 6.9 system pitch, 9.10 Drinking water systems, 20.1 chiller, 20.2 droop, 9.68 fixtures, 20.2 installation, 20.3 pipe and insulation sizing, 20.5 system design, 20.5 Drop manhole, 6.14 Drop tube, 12.11 Drum traps, 9.9 Dry air, 14.3 Dry disconnect coupling, 12.12 Dry interstitial monitoring, 12.15 Dry vacuum cleaning system, 15.43 Dual air compressor regulation, 14.26 Earth load, 6.49 Effective filtration area, 3.3 Elastomeric plastic insulation, 5.7 Electric heat tracing, 5.44 Electrolytes, 4.2 Electronic tank gauging: magnetostrictive, 12.17 ultrasonic, 12.17 Electropolishing decontamination, 10.17 Elevated water tank, 9.55 water supply system, 9.54 Emergency drench combination equipment, 17.8 Emergency drench equipment, 17.1 alarms, 17.15 controls, 17.14 dimensional requirements, 17.9 extreme temperature protection, 17.12 flow control, 17.17 flushing water disposal, 17.17 installation requirements, 17.8 location, 17.9 pipe sizing and material, 17.17 plumbed systems, 17.3 self-contained, 17.2 stations, 17.11 system selection, 17.18 visibility, 17.17 water supply pressure and flow rates, 17.18 water temperature, 17.11 Emergency drench hoses, 17.6 Emergency eyewash, 17.4 Emergency facewash, 17.5 Emergency generator fuel storage, 12.23 Emergency showers, 17.3 Endotoxins, 4.4 Environmental Protection Agency, 1.4 Equipment decontamination, 10.17 Equivalent insulation thickness, 5.19 Equivalent length of piping, 9.4 Equivalent weight, 4.7 Erosion corrosion of piping, 4.12 Evaporation of water from soil, 7.3 Evapotranspiration, 7.3 Excessive water pressure adjustment, 9.60 Exfiltration, 6.31 Expansion loops, 12.81 Expansion tanks, 9.83 Factions, 7.2 Fall-off, 9.62 Feedwater, 4.6 Fiberglass insulation, 5.6 Field supporting strength, 6.70 Fill hose connection, 12.12 Fill port assembly, 12.29 Filter, 3.11 classifications, 3.11 deep bed sand, 3.2 efficiency, 3.3 extractables, 3.3 mechanical capture, 3.2 ratings, 3.3 Fire hydrants, 6.115 Fire protection monitors, 6.119 Fire pump fuel storage, 12.31 Fire suppression water drainage, 10.23 Firesafe valves, 2.53 Fittings, 2.34 acid resistant, 2.35 bronze, 2.36 cast copper alloy, 2.36 cast iron, 2.35 dielectric, 2.36 glass, 2.36 malleable iron, 2.35 plastic, 2.36 stainless steel, 2.36 unions, 2.37 wrought copper and copper alloy, 2.36 Fixture units, 9.2 Fixture mounting height, 9.98 Fixture pipe space requirements, 9.103 Flammable liquid, 12.1 Flash point, 12.1 Flexible pipe: longitudinal deformation, 6.62 radial deflection, 6.62 www.elsolucionario.net I.5 I.6 INDEX Flexible piping, 6.99 Floor drains, 9.6 Flotation, 12.48 Fluoroplastics, 2.14 Foamed plastic insulation, 5.7 Food and Drug Administration, 1.5 Force main pipe material, 6.95 Formazin turbidity unit, 4.10 Free air, 14.3 delivered, 14.3 Freeze protection safety factors, 5.49 Freezing of sewer and water lines, 5.30 Freezing of water, 5.23 in atmospheric vessels, 5.24 Frost closure of vents, 5.32 Frost depth calculation, 5.32 Fuel gas, physical properties, 13.2 Fuel gas system, 13.1 operating pressures, 13.3 Full facepiece respirators, 17.22 Full pressure suits, 17.23 Fully instantaneous type water heaters, 9.73 Fungi, 4.11 Fusion parameter, 5.39 Galvanic corrosion, 4.12 Gamma radiation, 10.12 Gas booster pump: heat exchangers, 13.44 system safety devices, 13.44 Gas transfer vacuum pumps, 15.11 Gas warmers, 14.72 Gauge pressure, 14.3 General pipe corrosion, 4.12 Granular filters, 3.12 Granular sand filter media, 3.12 Grates for storm water: combination grate, 6.11 curb grate, 6.11 plain grate, 6.11 Gratings, 6.11 Gravel packing, 6.128 Gravimetric measurement, 4.10 Gravity drainage pipe sizing, 9.11 Gravity drainage system design, 9.11 Gravity drop, 12.11 Gravity sand filter, 3.13 Gray water: design flow, 19.3 system, 19.2 treatment systems, 19.3 Grease interceptor, 3.20 Groundwater, 6.2 monitoring, 12.16 wells, 6.141 Hair interceptor, 3.29 Half-faceplece respirators, 17.22 Hangers and supports, 2.78 Hardiness zones, 7.6 Hardness of water, 4.23 Heat, 5.2 Heat exchangers, 21.1 air cooled type, 21.13 choosing off-the-shelf heat exchangers, 21.8 codes, 21.1 copper tube properties, 21.16 design, 21.15 fouling factor, 21.18 heat transfer coefficients, 21.17 immersion type, 21.12 plate type, 21.11 plate and frame type, 21.9 pressure & temperature, 21.17 prime surface, 21.9 relief valve, 21.17 selection, 21.14 shell and tube, 21.3 straight tube, 21.4 Heat flow, 5.4 Heat flux, 5.4 Heat loss from elevated tanks, 5.25 Heat tracing, 5.41 for indoor tanks, 5.49 steam: pipe materials, 5.49 pipe size, 5.49 system pressure, 5.54 temperature control, 5.57 Heat transfer, 5.2 High-pressure cylinder, ultraclean, 15.60 High-pressure gas cylinders: aluminum, 14.64 carbon steel, 14.64 categories, 14.64 stainless steel, 14.64 High nuclear radiation area, 10.13 Hood and helmet respirators, 17.22 Hot water temperature, 9.72 maintenance, 9.83 Hunter curve, 9.3 Hybrid system, 9.65 Hydraulic length modified, 6.43 Hydraulic rotary well drilling, 6.127 Hydrocarbon fuel gas compounds, 13.1 Hydrologic soil groups, 6.33 Hydrological cycle, 6.2 Hydrophobic filter, 3.5 Hydropneumatic tank system, 9.68 Hydrostatic tank monitoring, 12.16 www.elsolucionario.net INDEX Immiscible liquids, 4.2 Imperviousness factor, 6.22 Impurity measurement for water, 4.7 In-ground vapor monitoring for USTs, 12.16 Inches of mercury pressure measurement, 15.2 Industrial specialty gases, 14.122 Industrial liquid waste systems, 10.21 Infectious waste drainage systems, 10.17 Infectious waste system vents, 10.21 Infiltration, 6.33, 6.80 Inlet cubic feet per minute, 14.3 Inlet filters, 14.20 Inlet time, 6.26 Installation comparison, AST or UST, 12.43 Instrument and control compressed air, 14.57 Insulating cement, 5.8 Insulation: adhesives, 5.11 coatings, 5.11 fire ratings: flame spread, 5.5 smoke developed, 5.5 tunnel test, 5.5 jackets, 5.8 sealant, 5.11 selection, 5.12 Intake compressed air filters: felt filters, 14.18 oil bath filters, 14.18 oil wetted labyrinth filters, 14.18 paper filters, 14.18 Interceptor, 3.19 Intensity duration frequency, 6.22 Intergranular piping corrosion, 4.12 Interstitial tank monitoring, 12.16 Ion exchange resins, 4.23 Ions, 4.2 ISO 9000, 1.5 Isobaric compression process, 14.2 Isochoric compression process, 14.2 Isothermal compression process, 14.2 Jackson turbidity unit, 4.10 Jet type display fountain nozzles, 18.2 Joints, 2.37 brazed, 2.40 burned, 2.43 caulked, 2.37 compression couplings, 2.38 compression sleeve coupling, 2.49 compression gasket, 2.40 flanged, 2.46 flared, 2.40 for FRP piping, 2.42 grooved, 2.34 Joints (Cont.): heat fusion, 2.42 hinged clamp, 2.47 mechanical joint, 2.41 mechanically pressed, 2.47 memory metal, 2.41 mechanically formed, 2.49 for plastic and FRP piping, 2.50 screwed, 2.39 soldered, 2.39 solvent welding, 2.42 welded, 2.43 wiped, 2.42 adaptors, 2.49 k factor, 5.3 Kill tank for infectious wastes, 10.20 Kilocalorie, 5.2 Kinematic viscosity, 12.2 Knock-out pot vacuum filter, 15.16 Laboratory drainage and vent systems, 10.6 Laboratory vacuum pump sizing, 15.39 Laboratory vacuum systems, 15.39 allowable friction loss, 15.41 diversity factor, 15.41 flow rate, 15.41 inlets, 15.41 pipe material and joints, 15.41 pipe sizing, 15.41 pumps, 15.39 Laboratory waste treatment, 10.9 Lagging, 5.9 Land use, 6.33 Langelier saturation index, 4.13 Lawn sprinkler: bubbler and drip heads, 7.5 rotating heads, 7.5 spray heads, 7.4 Leakage from AST piping, 12.16 Leakage from ASTs, 12.16 Leakage from USTs, 12.15 Leakage into sumps, 12.16 Limited discharge roof drainage systems, 9.45 Limulus amoebocyte lysate water test, 4.4 Liquefied petroleum gas, 13.23 excess flow valve, 13.32 filler valves, 13.33 gas pipe sizing, 13.39 liquid level gauges, 13.33 mixers, 13.34 pressure relief devices, 13.30 pumps, 13.41 regulators, 13.30 www.elsolucionario.net I.7 I.8 INDEX Liquefied petroleum gas (Cont.): service line valves, 13.32 system design, 13.36 vapor equalizing valves, 13.33 vapor pressure, 13.26 vaporizer, 13.33 Liquid fuel, 12.2 definitions, 12.1 flow rate, 12.23 piping materials, 12.36 pressure dispensing system, 12.30 product dispenser, 12.30 product dispensing systems, 12.31 simultaneous use factor, 12.37 submersible pump sizing, 12.38 vacuum dispensing system, 12.30 vacuum pump sizing, 12.41 Liquid fuel pipe sizing, 12.37 Liquid monitoring, 12.14 Liquid petroleum, 12.2 Liquid ring: air compressors, 15.18 vacuum pump, 15.18 medical/surgical, 15.18 Liquid infectious waste decontamination system, 10.20 Lithosphere, 6.2 Live loads for underground piping, 6.52 Load factor for underground piping, 6.52 Local barometric pressure, 14.3 Localized pipe corrosion, 4.12 LPG (see Liquefied petroleum gas) McLeod vacuum gauge, 15.14 Manhole, 6.74 construction, 6.75 frame and cover, 6.77 grating, 6.9 repair, 6.71 spacing, 6.91 steps, 6.76 Manifold and regulator pure gas purge devices, 14.72 Manometer vacuum gauge, 15.15 Manufacturers’ standardization of valve and fittings industry, 1.7 Manway tank risers, 12.20 Medical/surgical compressed air, 14.90 air compressor assembly, 14.97 air dryers, 14.99 central supply, 14.105 dental air compressor, 14.100 flow rate and diversity factor, 14.109 filters and other devices, 14.90 Medical/surgical compressed air (Cont.): intakes, 14.97 pipe sizing-low pressure, 14.114 pipe sizing high pressure, 14.117 preliminary system sizing, 14.98 receivers, 14.99 valves and valve locations, 14.102 Medical/surgical vacuum: flow rate, 15.28 fluid filter traps, 15.19 inlets, 15.21 interconnecting piping, 15.20 pipe material, 15.21 pipe sizing, 15.26 preliminary sizing, 15.23 pump exhaust, 15.20 pump sizing, 15.22 pumps, 15.18 receiver drains, 15.20 receivers, 15.19 separators, 15.20 system alarms, 15.20 system diversity factor, 15.24 system tests, 15.28 systems, 15.22 valves and valve locations, 15.21 Medication of animal drinking water, 16.4 Megohms water purity measurement, 4.11 Membrane filter test: air permeability test, 3.4 bubble point test, 3.4 diffusion test, 3.5 water breakthrough test, 3.5 water intrusion test, 3.5 water pressure integrity test, 3.5 Membrane filtration, 4.31 Membrane selection, 4.39 Mesh, 3.9 Metallic alloy designations, 2.76 Metric pipe sizes, 2.78 Microbial control for water, 4.35 chemicals, 4.35 filtering, 4.36 heat, 4.36 ozone, 4.36 ultraviolet radiation, 4.35 Micromhos water purity measurement, 4.8 Microorganisms, 4.34 measurement, 4.4 Millibar, 15.2 Mineral fiber insulation, 5.9 Minimum allowable water pressure, 9.63 Minimum velocity of sanitary drainage, 9.3 Mixed flow air compressors, 14.16 www.elsolucionario.net INDEX Model regional building codes, 1.6 Moisture content of compressed air, 14.6 Molecular sieve, 14.23 Molecular weight, 3.3 Mouthpiece respirators, 17.21 Multieffect distillation, 4.22 Mushroom type display fountain nozzles, 18.2 Nanofiltration for water, 4.35 National Electrical Manufacturers Association, 1.6 National Fire Protection Association, 1.6 National Institutes of Health, 1.7 National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, 1.7 National Sanitation Foundation, International, 1.8 Natural gas, 13.1 allowable friction loss, 13.10 appliance regulator, 13.7 atmospheric regulator, 13.7 backpressure regulator, 13.7 intermediate regulator, 13.7 line regulator, 13.7 maximum probable demand, 13.10 meters, 13.6 pipe materials, 13.21 pipe sizing, 13.11 pressure, 13.3 pressure booster system, 13.43 regulators, 13.6 regulator selection, 13.8 types of service, 13.4 Negative gauge pressure, 15.2 Nephelometric turbidity unit, 4.9 Nitrogen: for health care facilities, 14.96 storage for health care facilities, 14.96 Nitrous oxide: bulk storage, 14.93 for health care facilities, 14.93 Noise reduction by insulation, 5.13 Nominal filter: pore rating, 3.3 rating, 3.3 Nonpotable water systems, 19.1 Nuclear radiation, 10.10 Nuclear Regulatory Commission, 1.7 Nucleation, 5.22 Occupational Safety and Health Administration, 1.5 Oil separator, 3.27 Oil Skimmer, 3.2 I.9 Overland flow time, 6.28 Oxygen: bulk storage, 14.92 for health care facilities, 14.92 Passivation, 2.9 Pathogenic organisms, 4.4 Perched aquifer, 6.1 Perched water, 6.1 Percolation, 7.3 Perm, 5.4 Personnel protection by insulation, 5.56 Personnel decontamination, 10.17 pH, 4.7 Pilot-operated PRV, 9.62 Pipe material: acid-resistant cast iron pipe, 2.14 acrylonitrile butadiene styrene, 2.30 aluminum, 2.12 asbestos cement, 2.32 brass, 2.12 carbon steel, 2.14 corrugated steel, 2.18 cast iron soil, 2.13 chlorinated polyvinyl chloride, 2.29 concrete, 2.33 cross-linked polyethylene, 2.22 copper tubing, 2.14 double-wall piping, 2.53 ductile iron, 2.14 expansion, 2.85 fiber reinforced plastic, 2.33 fluroplastics, 2.31 glass, 2.32 lead, 2.15 polybutylene, 2.30 polyethylene, 2.29 polypropylene, 2.29 polyvinyl chloride, 2.28 stainless steel, 2.16 vitrified clay, 2.33 Piston type air compressors, 14.12 Pitting, 4.12 Plastic jackets, 5.11 Plastic pipe, 2.20 Plastic pipe description and classification, 2.21 Plastic pipe standards and nomenclature, 2.22 Platinum cobalt unit, 4.9 Pleated filter, 3.16 Plumbing codes, 9.2 Plumbing fixtures, 9.3 Point-of-use water heaters, 9.70 Polytropic process, 14.2 Pores, 7.2 www.elsolucionario.net I.10 INDEX Potable water, 6.103 contamination prevention, 9.51 probable demand, 9.56 supply, 6.103 system, 9.55 velocity, 9.59 Potassium, 4.5 Potential evapotranspiration, 7.3 Precious metals interceptor, 3.27 Precoat (septum) filters, 3.16 Pressure demand breathing air system, 17.21 Pressure monitoring, 12.29 Pressure regulating valve, 9.62 Pressure sand filter, 3.13 Pressure type vacuum breaker, 9.51 bourdon gauge, 15.15 manometer, 15.16 McLeod gauge, 15.16 strain gauge, 15.16 Private sewage disposal, 9.18 Propane: equipment locations, 13.28 mixers, 13.34 storage tanks, 13.27 tank foundations, 13.28 Pure water: generation, 4.40 for laboratories, 4.43 standards: American Society for Testing and Materials, 4.43 Association for the Advancement of Medical Instrumentation, 4.43 College of American Pathologists, 4.43 electronics grade water, 4.40 National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards, 4.43 Pyrogens, 4.5 Quantities of sewage flow, 6.25 Rad, 10.11 Radiant heat, 5.4 Radiation dose, 10.11 Radiation equivalent to man, 10.12 Radiation measurement, 10.11 Radiation safety officer, 10.13 Radiation shielding, 10.13 Radioactive decontamination, 10.16 Radioactive drainage pipe selection, 10.15 Radioactive material, 10.13 approval for use, 10.13 Radioactive waste drainage and vent system, 10.10 Radioactivity, 10.10 Rainfall intensity, 6.20 Rainstorm duration, 6.25 Rate of rainfall, 6.20 Rational formula for storm water drainage, 6.17 Raw water, 3.2 Reciprocating air compressor, 14.11 Reciprocating vacuum pump, 15.18 Recycled water system, 19.2 Reduced pressure zone backflow preventer, 6.110 Reduction of heat loss by insulation, 5.12 Refrigerated compressed air dryers, 14.22 Regenerable ion exchange, 4.24 Regional building codes, 9.2 Regulated substance, 12.1 Regulator: double stage, 14.68 high pressure, 14.68 single stage, 14.68 Reinforced thermosetting resin pipe, 2.26 Relative humidity, 14.5 Relief vents, 9.35 Remote fill port, 12.35 Residual water supply, 6.120 Respirator hose, 17.28 Return period, 6.75 Reverse flange type manway for UST, 12.20 Reverse osmosis, 4.31 hollow fiber, 4.32 plate and frame, 4.33 spiral wound, 4.32 tubular, 4.33 Rigid pipe, 6.49 Roentgen, 10.11 Roof drainage systems, 9.39 Roof drains, 9.39 Roof storm water retention, 6.32 Rotary air compressor, 14.14 Rotary lobe vacuum pump, 15.18 Rotary screw air compressor, 14.14 Rotary well drilling, 6.127 Roughing type sand water filters, 3.13 Runoff curve number, 6.35 Ryznar stability index, 4.14 S-traps, 9.8 Sand granular filter: air scouring, 3.14 backwashing, 3.14 Sand interceptor, 3.27 Sanitary drainage, 9.6 system design, 9.10 Sanitary effluent disposal methods, 9.18 www.elsolucionario.net INDEX Sanitary gravity sewers, 6.74 Sanitary sewer: depth of burial, 6.90 pipe material, 6.81 quantity of sewage flow, 6.78 separation, 6.91 velocity, 6.81 Sanitary 3-A standard, 1.8 Sanitary vent, 9.32 sizing, 9.33 Saturated air, 14.5 Saturated zone, 6.3 Scale, 4.30 Screen filter, 3.2 Screw type air compressor, 14.15 Scrim, 5.9 Scuppers for roofs, 9.39 Seawater: equipment selection, 20.13 filters, 20.11 intake, 20.12 organisms attachment, 20.10 pipeline cleaning, 20.10 piping materials, 20.13 system, 20.13 Seconds Redwood viscosity, 12.2 Seconds Saybolt Fucol viscosity, 12.2 Seconds Saybolt Universal viscosity, 12.2 Seismic supports, 2.88 Semiconsolidated aquifer, 6.3 Semi-instantaneous type water heaters, 9.71 Semipermeable water filter membrane, 4.31 Separates of soil, 7.2 Septic system, 9.18 absorption field, 9.20 distribution boxes, 9.29 mound systems, 9.28 percoletion tests, 9.24 seepage beds, 9.28 septic tank, 9.22 serial distribution, 9.28 soil absorbtion, 9.22 system, 9.18 trenchs, 9.20 Service deionization, 4.28 Service hot water, 9.69 Sewage ejectors, 9.14 Sewage lift pumps, 6.92 discharge piping, 6.93 Sewage lift stations, 6.90 Sewage quantities, 9.21 Sewer cleaning and repair, 6.71 Sewer line clearance, 6.91 Sewer peak flow, 6.78 I.11 Sewer vacuum and pressure venting, 6.106 Shallow manhole, 6.74 Sidewall area, 9.40 Sieving, 3.2 Silt, 7.2 density index, 4.10 Site storm water retention, 6.32 Sliding vane: air compressors, 14.13 vacuum pumps, 15.18 Sludge, 4.11 Snow melt, 9.45 Sodium, 4.24 Soil, 7.2 Soil and aggregate backfill classification, 6.66 Soil structure, 7.2 Source water, 3.2 Sovent system, 9.34 Special waste: pipe material and joint selection, 10.3 pipe sizing, 10.3 system approval, 10.2 Specialty compressed gases for laboratories, 14.58 Specialty gas: alarms, 14.72 check valves, 14.71 classification, 14.60 filters, 14.69 ceramic, 14.69 fiberglass, 14.69 housing, 14.69 molecular sieve, 14.69 sintered metal, 14.69 flash arresters, 14.71 flow limit valve, 14.71 gauges, 14.69 generators, 14.64 mixers, 14.73 pipe material selection, 14.73 pipe sizing, 14.73 relief valves, 14.69 system tests, 14.88 valves, 14.71 Specialty gas grades, 14.60 Specific gravity, 4.8 Specific conductance, 4.8 Specific resistance, 4.8 Spray type display fountain nozzles, 18.2 Stainless steel: finishes, 2.17 jackets, 5.10 Standard air, 14.3 Standard atmosphere, 14.3 www.elsolucionario.net I.12 INDEX Standard atmospheric pressure, 14.3 Standard atmospheric temperature, 14.3 Standard cubic feet per minute, 14.2 Static water pressure, 6.134 Steady state heat flow, 5.2 Stepped rotor air compressors, 14.15 Storage tank definitions, 12.1 Storage type water heaters, 9.71 Storm distribution, 6.31 Storm water: discharge regulations, 6.102 drainage, interior, 9.40 drywells, 9.50 recharge basins, 9.49 retention, 6.32 Straight lobe air compressors, 14.14 Strain vacuum gauge, 15.16 Strainer, 3.5 basket, 3.7 bodies, 3.7 “Y” type, 3.7 Straining, 3.5 Strength of pipe materials, 6.64 Stress-corrosion, 4.12 Subgrade drainage, 6.4 Submersible pumps, 9.15 Subsurface drainage, 6.4 Subsurface water, 6.2 Suds pressure areas, 9.37 Suds relief vents, 9.36 Sulfates, 4.5 Sump and ejector control, 9.15 electrode type, 9.17 float type, 9.16 mercury switch, 9.18 pneumatic type, 9.16 Sump and ejector pump: receiver design, 9.17 types: cantilever type, 9.16 submersible type, 9.15 vertical lift type, 9.15 Sump and ejector vents, 9.37 Sump pumps, 9.14 Superimposed load, 6.52 Surface film factor, 5.18 Surface filter, 3.2 Surface storm water drainage, 6.17 Surgical/medical air compressor, 14.97 air dryers, 14.99 assembly, 14.99 filters, 14.99 intakes, 14.97 receivers, 14.99 Surgical/medical gas: alarms, 14.105 anesthetizing locations, 14.109 area alarms, 14.105 flow rate and diversity factor, 14.98 high gas pressure, 14.105 manual branch shutoff valve, 14.104 master alarm, 14.101 station outlets, 14.109 pressure gauges, 14.105 riser valve, 14.103 source shutoff valve, 14.104 system and equipment sizing, 14.108 system pipe sizing, 14.108 system testing, 14.105 valves and valve locations, 14.102 Surgical/medical low-pressure gas pressure losses, 14.116 Surgical/medical pipe materials, 14.108 Suspended solids, 4.9 Swimming pools, spas, and water attractions: codes, 11.2 definitions, 11.1 minimum number of plumbing fixtures, 11.2 spas, 11.25 filters, 11.26 jet design, 11.26 turnover rate, 11.25 swimming pools: backwash, 11.16 backwash pit, 11.6 chemical control, 11.18 circulation pump, 11.6 components, 11.5 drains, 11.7 filter media rate, 11.2 filters, 11.12 flow control, 11.6 flow meter, 11.7 flow rate, 11.2 gutters, 11.10 inlets, 11.11 level control, 11.10 make-up and fill, 11.7 pH control, 11.20 piping, 11.8 probes, 11.7 return piping, 11.7 sanitation, 11.19 skimmers, 11.11 stabilizers, 11.19 strainer, 11.6 www.elsolucionario.net INDEX Swimming pools, spas, and water attractions, swimming pools (Cont.): surge tank, 11.10 turnover, 11.5 water balance, 11.20 water heater and cooler, 1.22 water attractions, 11.26 water chemistry, 11.28 water use, 11.27 Swine cooling systems, 16.18 Tank connections and access for USTs, 12.7 Tank tightness with inventory control for USTs, 12.16 Temperature, 5.2 Temperature and pressure relief valves, 9.79 Testing of the underground piping network, 12.41 Testing of the underground storage tank, 12.41 Thermal conductivity, 5.3 Thermal resistance, 5.3 Thermal transmittance, 5.3 Thermostatic mixing valves, 9.79 3-A standard, 1.8 Tightness testing, 12.41 Time in pipe, 6.26 Time of concentration, 6.26 Torr, 15.2 Total dissolved solids, 4.10 Total heat flow, 5.4 Total organic carbon, 4.10 Total thermal resistance, 5.3 Toxic and flammable gas monitors, 14.73 Transition width, 6.51 Transpiration, 7.3 Trap arm, 9.8 Traps, 9.7 Trap seal, 9.9 Turbidity, 4.9 Turf irrigation, 7.1 design, 7.2 design area, 7.7 piping, 7.10 scheduling, 7.8 soil, 7.2 sprinkler heads, 7.4 system design, 7.4 water absorption, 7.2 water loss, 7.3 water supply, 7.6 Turbine type water meter, 9.112 Two-phase flow, 8.14 I.13 Ultrafiltration, 4.31 Ultrasonic decontamination, 10.17 Unconfined aquifers, 6.4 Unconsolidated aquifers, 6.4 Unconsolidated rock, 6.3 Underground liquid fuel piping installation, 12.46 Underground pressurized delivery system leakage, 12.20 Underground storage tank (UST), 12.6 bottom shield, 12.11 clad steel, 12.6 composite tank, 12.7 electronic tank gauging, 12.17 interstitial space, 12.7 leak detection and system monitoring, 12.14 manual tank gauging, 12.16 mechanical tank gauging, 12.17 overfill prevention, 12.12 secondary containment tank, 12.7 spill prevention, 12.12 tank containment system evaluation, 12.43 tank filling and spill prevention, 12.11 tank manway, 12.7 Underground suction delivery system leakage, 12.15 Underwriters Laboratories, 1.7 Uniformly distributed load, 6.60 Unions, 2.37 Units of radiation dose, 10.12 Unrestricted radiation area, 10.13 Unsaturated zone, 6.3 Upfeed water supply systems, 9.56 USP purified water, 4.41 UST (see Underground storage tank) Utility compressed air, 14.29 Utility water treatment, 4.38 Vacuum, 15.1 Vacuum capture pump, 15.13 Vacuum cleaning system, 15.43 air bleed control, 15.46 check valve, 15.46 control and check valves, 15.46 exhauster: discharge, 15.53 rating adjustments, 15.55 sizing, 15.55 filters, 15.50 hose flow rate, 15.50 inlets, 15.48 tool size, 15.48 location and spacing, 15.48 pipe and fittings, 15.47 www.elsolucionario.net I.14 INDEX Vacuum cleaning system (Cont.): pipe sizing, 15.50 recommended velocity, 15.49 separator, 15.45 sizing, 15.49 silencers, 15.45 simultaneous operators, 15.48 vacuum pressure, 15.45 valve and hose sizing, 15.48 Vacuum breaker, 9.51 Vacuum ejector pump, 15.12 Vacuum gas transfer pumps, 15.11 Vacuum leakage, 15.10 Vacuum level measurement, 15.1 reference points, 15.1 Vacuum pressure gauges, 15.11 Vacuum pressures, 15.1 Vacuum pump seal liquids, 15.13 Vacuum system force, 15.9 Valence, 4.2 Valves, 2.55 ball valve, 2.70 butterfly valve, 2.72 check valve, 2.74 conduit valve, 2.76 diaphragm valve, 2.73 flow control valve, 2.76 gate valve, 2.64 globe valve, 2.67 level control valve, 2.76 pinch valve, 2.73 plug valve, 2.69 pressure control valve, 2.76 pump control, 2.74 Valve actuators, 2.57 electric actuators, 2.59 hydraulic actuators, 2.60 manual, 2.57 pneumatic actuators, 2.60 Valve ratings, 2.62 Valve selection, 2.63 Vapor barrier, 5.8 Vapor density, 12.2 Vapor monitoring, 12.19 Vapor recovery: phase I, 12.22 coaxial recovery, 12.22 two-point system, 12.23 phase II, 12.23 balanced vapor recovery system, 12.23 vacuum vapor recovery system, 12.24 systems, 12.21 Vaporizer, 8.2 Velocity of gas stream under vacuum, 15.8 Vent headers, 9.37 Vent system design, 9.32 Vent terminals, 9.34 Vertical lift pumps, 9.14 Viscosity, 12.2 Void filter volume, 3.4 Volatile liquid interceptor, 3.24 Volatile organic hydrocarbons, 12.2 Volumetric latent heat of fusion, 5.22 Wafer butterfly valve, 2.65 Washing for nuclear decontamination, 10.17 Waste anesthetic gas disposal (WAGD) system, 15.28 high vacuum active, 15.31 low vacuum active, 15.30 passive, 15.29 room air changes, 15.29 sizing, 15.31 Water, air, and vacuum relief valve, 6.115 Water attractions, 11.26 Water booster pump systems, 9.55 Water chemistry, 11.28 Water display: fountain: custom design, 18.1 kit, 18.1 self-contained, 18.1 fountains and pools, 18.1 reflecting pool, 18.1 system, 18.3 Water fixture units, 9.4 Water for injection, 4.43 Water from surface water sources, 6.8 Water heater sizing, 9.72 Water heating methods and equipment, 9.70 Water impurity analysis, 4.9 Water main backflow prevention, 6.108 Water meters, 6.112 Water pressure: adjustment, 9.61 boosting systems, 9.62 regulating valve selection, 9.68 Water softening, 4.27 Water supply distribution system, 9.57 Water table, 6.1 Water treatment, 4.1 Water use, 11.27 Water vapor migration, 5.4 Water vapor transmission rate, 5.4 Watt-hour, 5.2 Wear plate, 12.11 www.elsolucionario.net INDEX Weight of water vapor, 14.7 Weld testing, 2.37 Welded joint types, 2.35 Welder qualification, 2.37 Welding, 2.35 gas metal arc welding, 2.36 gas tungsten arc welding, 2.36 orbital welding, 2.36 oxy-fuel torch welding, 2.36 shielded metal arc welding, 2.36 Well casing, 6.124 Well design and construction, 6.127 Well development: air lifting, 6.129 air surging, 6.129 high-velocity jetting, 6.129 overpumping, 6.129 rawhiding, 6.129 surging, 6.129 Well development and testing, 6.129 Well drawdown, 6.130 Well drilling, 6.127 Well grouting, 6.126 Well intakes, 6.126 Well points, 6.6 Well pumps, 6.122 Well screen, 6.128 Well testing for yield, 6.130 Well water: level measurement, 6.130 pumps, 6.122 yield, 6.130 Wells, 6.121 Wet vacuum cleaning system, 15.52 Wet vents, 9.36 Wet wells, 6.93 Wetted surface area of tanks, 13.27 Wire mesh jacket, 5.11 Wound filter, 3.20 X-rays, 10.11 Y strainer, 3.7 Zero governor fuel gas regulator, 13.7 Zone of aeration, 6.3 www.elsolucionario.net I.15 ... design profession, and is the author of several books www.elsolucionario.net FACILITY PIPING SYSTEMS HANDBOOK For Industrial, Commercial, and Healthcare Facilities Michael Frankel, CPD Third Edition... brass When used for drainage systems, it is obtained plain end Joints for this pipe can be either threaded, flanged, brazed, or soldered Brass pipe for utility piping systems shall conform to ASTM... www.elsolucionario.net CHAPTER PIPING This chapter will describe the materials used most often for piping networks and systems described in this handbook This chapter includes information on pipes, fittings,