Main Clause Mđề chính Adverbial Clauses of Time Mđề Trạng từ chỉ TG... AFTER BY THE TIME BEFORE AS SOON AS UNTILL = TILL.[r]
(1)TENSES ( Caùc thì ) LESSON : SIMPLE PRESENT: (HTÑ) Affir : Neg: S+V1 /Vs, es S+ do/ does + not+ V1 Ex : Water boils at 100o c Inter: Do/ does+ S + V1 …? Ex : How often you go to school? Ex : Tom doesn’t feel hungry *(Be):am, is, are not ; (have):has/ have not +got = / does + not + have Dieãn taû : Tình cảm, cảm giác, nhận thức hđộng Thoùi quen, phong tuïc, taäp quaùn Chân lí, thật hiển nhiên Với : EVERY (day, year…), ALWAYS, OFTEN, USUALLY, SOMETIME, SELDOM, RARELY, NEVER, EVER, ONCE / TWICE / THREE TIMES + ( a day/ week/ month…), all the time, now and then Notes : Qui tắc thêm es động từ có S số ít : - Các động từ tận cùng là : o, sh, ch, x, s, và z - Các động từ tận cùng là y mà đứng trước y là phụ âm ta đổi y i + es ( She studies, Tom tries, He plays ) PRESENT CONTINUOUS ( HTTD) S + am/ is/ are + Ving S + am/ is/ are + not + Ving Am/ Is/ Are + S + Ving ? Dieãn taû : Với : Ex: We are studying English now Ex: She isn’t writing when he comes Ex: What are you doing while I am doing? Hđộng xảy Htại vào lúc nói viết hđộng kéo dài // Htại (while: khi) hđộng kéo dài Htại thì có hđộng ngắn đột ngột xảy ra(S+ V 1/ Vs, es) ! AT PRESENT , AT THE MOMENT , NOW, RIGHT NOW, JUST NOW, ,… PRESENT PERFECT: (HTHT) S + has/ have + V3ed S + has/ have + not + V3ed Has/ Have + S + V3ed? Dieãn taû: Ex: I’ve just opened the door Ex: We have studied English for many years Ex: Jack hasn’t come recently Ex: How long have you studied English? Hđộng Qk ko rõ tg Hđộng vừa xảy Hđộng bắt đầu Qk, còn tiếp tục Htại & có thể tiếp tục Tlai Với: BEFORE, ALREADY, RECENTLY= LATELY, EVER, NEVER, YET , JUST, TWICE, SEVERAL TIMES, SINCE + mốc TG, FOR + khoảng TG, UP TO NOW=UP TILL NOW=SO FAR… PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS: (HTHTTD) S + has/ have + been + Ving S + has/ have + not + been + Ving Ex: We have been studying English for many years (2) Has/ Have + S + been + Ving? Dieãn taû: - Hđộng bắt đầu Qkhứ, tiếp tục Htại & có thể đến Tlai ( nhấn mạnh tính liên tục) - since + mốc TG ; for + khoảng TG SIMPLE PAST (QKÑ) S + V2ed S + did + not + V1 Did + S + V1 ? Ex: I saw him yesterday Ex: She didn’t come last week Ex: Did Mr Lee phone an hour ago? *(Be) : was / were wasn’t, weren’t Dieãn taû: - Hđộng đã xảy & chấm dứt hoàn toàn Qk ( xác định rõ TG) Với: - YESTERDAY, AGO ,LAST (night, week, year…) PAST CONTINUOUS (QKTD) S + was/ were + Ving Ex: We were watching TV at pm yesterday S + was/ were + not + Ving Ex:I was writing while my father was reading Was / were + S + Ving ? Ex: She was sleeping as the telephone rang Dieãn taû: Hđộng xảy / khoảng Qk xác định ( at 7pm, from to 7, …) hđộng diễn // Qk (while: khi) hđộng Qk kéo dài thì hđ ngắn đngột xảy (S + V2ed) Với: AT THAT TIME, AT THAT MOMENT… PAST PERFECT (QKTD) S + had + V3ed Ex: Last night I went to bed after I dad done my homework ed S + had + not + V3 Had + S + V3ed ? Dieãn taû: - Hđộng xảy trước mốc TG Qk trước hđ Qk Với : ( trước: S+ had +V3ed ; sau: S + V2) SIMPLE FUTURE (TLÑ) S + will / shall + V1 Ex: I’ll buy it tomorrow S + will / shall + not + V1 Will / Shall + S + V1? *Note: will not =won’t ; shall not =shan’t Dieãn taû: Hñ seõ xaûy tlai Lời yêu cầu (Will you + V1…? ); Đề nghị ( Shall I / we + V1 …?) Với: TOMORROW, SOON, NEXT (week, month,…) FUTURE PERFECT (TLHT) S + will / shall + have + V3ed Ex: We’ll have already finished the work by the time you get back tomorrow Dieãn taû: Hđộng hoàn tất tlai * Notes: 1) Near future: (Tlai gaàn) S + am/ is / are + going to + V1 : sẽ, sửa, dự định… Ex: I’m going to buy it tomorrow (3) 2)Một số động từ sau đây thường không dùng với thì tiếp diễn Be : Ex: I am a student now Những động từ giác quan: see, hear, feel, look (trông có vẻ), smell, taste, recognize Những động từ cảm xúc: like, dislike love, hate, want wish, desire, refuse, forgive Những động từ lí trí: understand, know, think, realize, suppose, believe, remember, forget, mind, expect, recollect Những động từ bắt đầu, tiếp tục, kết thúc: begin, continue, finish… LESSON 2: PREPOSITIONS ( Giới từ) A COMMON PREPOSITION: I Prep Of Place: IN: ( nơi/ vùng/ khu vực/ quốc gia/ thành phố/ …) Ex: in the room/ Asia/ Britain/ London/ … in bed/ newspaper/ magazines/ the world/… ON: trên Ex: on the table/ the board/ the floor/ … on TV/ the radio/ telephone/ the way/ the street/ horse back/ … AT : (địa điểm nhỏ) Ex: at the desk/ the station/ the airport/ 72 Pham Ngu Lao street… at home/ school/ work… FROM : từ (nơi xuất phát) Ex: Mr Mac Donald is from Scotland TO: đến (đích) Ex: Elizabeth went to the store BETWEEN : (2 người / vật) Ex: Mai is sitting between Nam and Nga AMONG: , số Ex : The letter is somewhere among these papers II Prep Of Time IN: 1977( 1890, 2008…) the summer (winter…) April (May, August…) the morning (afternoon, evening…) time: kòp luùc an hour - Ex : I will arrive in an hour (4) ON : AT: holiday weekend Monday 15, October October 15th 1977 Monday morning Christmas day time : đúng lúc fire : ñang chaùy o’clock night midnight noon (the) weekend Christmas the end of the moment SINCE (+ mốc TG): kể từ … Ex: He has studied English since 1900 FOR (+ khoảng TG) : được… Ex: _ for 17 years FROM: từ TO : đến Ex: I lived in village from 1977 to 1992 III Some Other Prep : By : ,bởi Ex: They can enrich the soil by using fertilizers * by bus/ car/ train/ plane/ … On foot: ñi boä For : cho , vì, để (chỉ mục đích) Ex: What would you like for breakfast? Ex: Some people read for pleasure With : với , Ex: He went with her Ex: I can write better with my own pen About : veà Ex: What you think about her? Of : cuûa Ex: The window of the living room B PREPOSITIONS FOLLOWING ADJECTIVES: Adj + TO : acceptable, accustomed, agreeable, contrary, harmful, important, kind, likely, lucky, open, pleasant, similar, familiar, helpful, (but: it’s very kind of you.) Adj + IN : interested, rich, successful Adj + OF : afraid, ahead, aware, capable,confident, full, tired, sure, proud Adj + FOR : available, difficult, late, perfect, useful, famous, responsible, sorry (S.O) Adj + FROM : absent, different, safe, far Adj + AT : clever, present, quick, skilful, good, bad, (angry at something/ with someone) Adj + WITH : acquainted, crowed, friendly, popular, busy, bored, pleased, fed up Adj + ABOUT : confused, sad, serious, worried, sorry (S.T) (5) C VERB + NOUN ( PHRASE) + PREPOSITION: catch sight of : troâng thaáy give place to : nhường chỗ cho give way to : nhượng ,tránh đường cho keep pace with : theo kịp, sánh bước lose sight of : maát huùt, khoâng thaáy lose touch with : liên lạc với lose track of : maát daáu veát cuûa make allowance for: chieáu coá ñaëc bieät make fun of : cheá nhaïo 10.make a fuss over/ about : cuoáng quyùt veà vieäc gì 11 make room for : doïn choã cho 12 make use of : sử dụng 13 pay attention to : chú ý đến 14 put a stop to : làm dừng lại 15 put an end to : chấm dứt 16 set fire to : châm lửa, đốt 17 take account of : chú ý đến 18 take advantage of : lợi dụng 19 take care of : chaêm soùc 20 take note of : chú ý đến 21 take notice of : chú ý tới D GO + PREPOSITION: after: ñuoåi theo ahead: tiến hành along: tieán trieån away: đi, rời khỏi nơi nào back: trở by: trôi qua( thời gian) E CÁC TRƯỜNG HỢP KHÁC belong to : thuoäc veà on the contrary : ngược lại on the whole : noùi chung be up to = depend on : tuyø thuoäc vaøo listen to : laéng nghe suffer from : bò, chòu free from : giaûi phoùng khoûi write …to : vieát … cho… wait for : chờ 10 ask …for : hoûi xin 11 look at : nhìn 12 look after : chaêm soùc 13 look up : tra từ điển 14 look out : nhìn ngoài 15 look for : tìm kieám 16 laugh at : cười nhạo 17 good at : gioûi veà caùi gì down: giaûm giaù up: taêng giaù on: tieáp tuïc off: noå 10 out: taét 11 over: xem xeùt kyõ (6) 18 good for 19 prevent… from 20 be in bed 21 regard … as 22 be divided into 23 take part in : toát cho caùi gì : ngaên … khoâng cho : nằm trên giường : xem nhö : chia thành : tham gia vaøo (7) WORD FORM LESSON 3: ( Từ Loại ) A PARTS OF SPEECH: I Noun (n) 1) n + V : laøm S cho V 2) V + n : laøm O cho V 3) prep + n : laøm O cho prep 4) be (là) + n : làm C ( C : complement: bổ ngữ) 5) adj + n Ex: People can see new film at the cinema S O O He is a scientist C * Notes: - this, that, these, those some, any, many, … my, your, Tom’s, … a, an ,the + n II Adjective (adj.): 1) adj + n 2) adv + adj 3) be (thì, laø ), look coù veû), feel, become, taste (coù muøi), smell ( coù vò), get, grow,remain, stay, turn, seem, appear, sound, … + adj Ex: That young girl is very beautiful III Adverb (adv): 1) S + Vi + adv Ex: They arrived safely 2) S + Vt + O + adv Ex: She did the housework disappointedly 3) S + Vaux + adv + Vmain 4) adv + adj 5) adv + adv 6) S + V + adv ( or: adv + S + V + … ) Ex: He can surely it Ex: He is reasonably right Ex: Jack runs very quickly Ex: We have bought it at that store recently (or: Recently we have bought it at that store.) IV Verb (v) : V đứng sau S Các hình thức V còn dùng nhiều vị trí khác Participle: Present participle ( Ving) ed Past participle ( V3 ) 1) Used in Continuous tenses ( Ving) ed 2) Used in Perfect tenses & Passive voice (V3 ) 3) Used as Adj: Ving Active meaning ed Ex: a/ b/ V3 Passive meaning The match excites the fans The match is exciting The fans are excited The children have seen an interesting film The children are interested in the film (8) B FORMATION OF N, ADJ, V: I V + suffix n : V + -tion, ation -ment -er -ing - age -0 : conservation, preservation, prevention : development : fertilizer : poisoning, dirtying : drainage : safeguard II n + suffix adj : - ful : harmful, useful, delightful, successful,hopeful, helpful, peaceful - less : childless, odourless, speechless, restless, careless, harmless, treeless - ly : manly, brotherly, worldly, hourly, yearly, daily n+ - like : childlike, godlike, lifelike, statesmanlike - y : dusty, snowy, rainy, sandy, dirty, healthy - ish : foolish, selfish, childish - al : magical, agricultural, industrial, natural III OUT + Vi Vt (toát hôn, nhanh hôn, laâu hôn) : outnumber, outgrow, outlive, outrun, outweigh IV UNDER + n / V n / V( thấp hơn, bên dưới, kém hơn) : undergrowth, undercharge V OVER + n/ Adj /V n/ Adj / V ( quá giới hạn, vượt, quá nhiều) overcoat, overanxious, overact C WORD FORM CHARTS: satisfy (v) satisfied( past Part) satisfying (pres part) satisfactory (adj) satisfactorily (adv) satisfaction (n) tolerate(v) tolerated( past Part) tolerant(adj) tolerable(adj) tolerably(adv) tolerance(n) important (adj) importance(n) disappoint(v) disappointed(past Part) disappointing(pres part) disappointedly(adv) disappointment(n) occupy (v) occupied (past Part) occupation(n) occupational (adj) potential (adj) / (n) 10 expect(v) expected (past Part) expecting(pres part) expectant(adj) expectantly(adv) expectation(n) 11 prefer(v) preferential(adj) difficult(adj) difficulty(n) determine (v) determination (n) tend (v) tendency(n) = adj (9) preferentially(adv) preference(n) 12 13 attract(v) attracted(past Part) attractive(adj) attractively(adv) attraction(n) reason(v) reasonable(adj) reasonably(adv) reason(n) 14 absorb(v) absorbed(past Part) absorbent(adj) / (n) absorptive(adj) absorption(n) 15 deafen(v) deaf(adj) / (n) deafness(n) 16 militarize(v) militaristic(adj) military(adj) / (n) militarily(adv) militarism(n) (10) LESSON : ADVERBIAL CLAUSES OF TIME ( Mệnh Đề Trạng Từ Chỉ Thời Gian) I PRESENT TENSES IN THE MAIN CLAUSE: Ex: 1/ a We always take our umbrellas when it rains b We are singing as she comes 2/ a I usually read a newspaper while I am waiting for the bus b I’m writing while they are talking 3./ He goes home after he has finished his work 4/ a She has played the piano since she was five b I’ve felt much better since I’ve been here 5/ a She greets me as soon as she sees me b He continues his journey as soon as he has finished his meal Main Clause (Mđề chính) Adverbial Clauses of Time (Mđề Trạng từ TG) S + V1 / s / es S + AM / IS / ARE + Ving (ñang…) S+ V1 / s / es WHEN = AS WHENEVER S + V1 / s / es WHILE =AS S + AM / IS / ARE + Ving (ñang…) S + AM / IS / ARE + Ving(ñang…) S+ V1 / s / es ed S + HAS / HAVE + V3 AFTER S + HAS / HAVE + V3 SINCE S + V2 ĐÃ CHẤM DỨT ed ed ed S + HAS / HAVE + V3 Vaãn coøn S + V1 / s / es AS SOON AS S + V1 / s / es UNTILL = TILL S + HAS / HAVE + V ed Hoàn tất II PAST TENSES IN THE MAIN CLAUSE: EX: 1/ a I sat near the window whenever I took a bus b It was raining hard when I got there 2/ a I met him while I was walking down the street b I was writing while he was reading 3/ He smoked after he had finished his meal 4/ He had finished his meal before he smoked 5/ a He left as soon as I told him b He left as soon as he had finished his work Main Clause (Mđề chính) Adverbial Clauses of Time (Mđề Trạng từ TG) (11) S + V2 S + WAS / WERE + Ving (ñang…) S + V2 S + WAS / WERE + Ving (ñang…) S + V2 S + HAD + V3ED S + V2 WHEN = AS WHENEVER S + V2 WHILE =AS S + WAS / WERE + Ving (ñang…) AFTER BY THE TIME BEFORE AS SOON AS UNTILL = TILL S + HAD + V3ED S + V2 S + V2 S + HAD + V3ED Hoàn tất II FUTURE TENSES IN THE MAIN CLAUSE: EX: 1/ a We’ ll go when we want b I’m goint to wait until you have finished your homework 2/ We will have finished the work by the time you get back tomorrow Main Clause (Mđề chính) Adverbial Clauses of Time (Mđề Trạng từ TG) WHEN =AS S + V1 / s / es ed OR: AS SOON AS S + AM / IS / ARE GOING TO + V1 S + HAS / HAVE + V3 Hoàn tất UNTILL = TILL ed BY THE TIME S+ V1 / s / es S + WILL / SHALL + HAVE + V3 BEFORE Hoàn tất Note: Không dùng thì Tlai Mđề Trạng từ TG Dùng các thì Htại thay S + WILL / SHALL + V1 LESSON : MAKING & ANSWERING QUESTIONS ( Dựng & Trả Lời Câu Hỏi) Types Questions Answers Yes, Spron + Vpreceding Q Yes - No Inter form? Or Inter form + A or B? Affir form + A/B Wh Wh + Inter form? Affir form No, Spron + Vpreceding Q + NOT Ex: Uncle Ho / die / 1969? - Did Uncle Ho die in 1969? Yes, he did Faraday / writer or scientist? - Was Faraday a writer or a scientist? He / Faraday was a scientist When / Tom / go / school? - When does Tom often go to school? He/Tom often goes to school in the morning Notes: When “Wh” is the Subject or Modifies the Subject Affir form is used in the Q Ex: a/ Who can swim? Nam can swim b/ How many students are absent today? (12) Two students are absent today Tag Question: Ex: The weather is nice , isn’t it ? Yes, it is Commands: V1…( Haõy…): List/ Mention/ Name/ Give… They are / It is … Ex: Name some English scientists They / Some E scientists are Newton, Faraday, … ACTIVE or PASSIVE VOICE LESSON 6: ( Chủ Động và Thụ Động Cách) A: P: S + V + S + BE O ed + V3 + by O (chia thì theo động từ câu Active) (A : Active P : Passive) Ex: 1/ A: Tom eats apples every day P: Apples are eaten by Tom every day 2/ A: They saw him in the shop P: He was seen in the shop ( by them ) ACTIVE PASSIVE Am/ is /are V1 / Vs/es ed V2 Was / were Am/ is /are Am/ is /are + Was / were Ving Has / have Had Will (would) Shall (should) Can(could) May (might) Must Be going to Be able to Have to Ought to Used to Was / were Has / have + + V3 ed V1 + being + V3 ed + been Had Will (would) Shall (should) Can(could) May (might) Must Be going to Be able to Have to Ought to Used to + be + V3 ed (13) Notes: 1/ A: S + V + P: S + OI + ed BE + V3 + OD OD + by + O OR: Ex: A: ( S + BE + V3ED + for/ to + OI + by + O) Lan gave Mary some books P: OI OD Mary was given some books by Lan OR: (Some books were given to Mary by Lan.) 2/ A: S + V + (THAT) + S + V … P: OR: S+ BE IT + BE + V: SAY Ex : BELIEVE TELL CONSIDER… ed + V3 ed V3 + TO + V1 + by + O + (THAT) S + V KNOW REPORT CLAIM THINK RUMOUR PROVE A : They say that they has been ill P : He is said to have been ill (or : It is said that he has been ill.) *CLEFT SENTENCES: S1 + VA (PRESENT) + that + S2 + VB (PRESENT) IT + IS + V3 (A) + that + S2 + VB (PRESENT) S2 + IS/ ARE + V3 (A) + TO + inf ( of V B) Ex: - People say that prevention is better than cure It’s said that prevention is better than cure Prevention is said to be better than cure - People say that he is a good student It’s said that he is a good student He is said to be a good student S1 + VA( PRESENT) + that + S2 + VB( PAST) IT + IS + V3 (A) + that + S2 + VB (PAST) S2 + IS/ ARE + V3 (A) + to have +V3 (B) Ex: - They say that three men were arrested after the murder It’s said that three men were arrested after the murder Three men are said to have been arrested after the murder S1 + VA ( PAST) + that + S2 + VB ( PAST) IT + WAS + V3 (A) + that + S2 + VB (PAST) S2 + WAS/ WERE + V3 (A) + to have +V3 (B) Ex: (14) -Everybody believed that he had died of AIDS It’s was believed that he had died of AIDS He was believed to have died of AIDS LESSON 7: CONDITIONAL SENTENCES ( Caâu Ñieàu Kieän) If Clause ( Mđề IF) Types and Use (Loại và Cách dùng ) Future Possible V1 /s /es ĐK có thể xảy IF + S + /does +not + V HT&TL *BE: am, is ,are Present Unreal: ÑK khoâng theå xaûy IF HT&TL will S+ + S+ shall can may + V1 would ed V2 did not + V1 *BE: were Past Unreal: ÑK khoâng theå xaûy IF + S + had + V3ed QK Ex: Main Clause ( Mđề chính) S+ should could might + V1 would S+ should could might ed + have + V3 If it is fine, we will go I’d fly everywhere if I were a bird If you had met the president yesterday, what would you have done? Sentence A/ UNLESS Transformation: = IF … NOT If + Neg form am /is/ are not = Unless + Affir form am /is/ are /does not + V1 If + S + did not+V1 were not had not+ V3 V1/s /es = UNLESS + S + ed ed V2 were ed had + V3 Ex: If you didn’t study hard, you’d get bad marks = Unless you studied hard, you’d get bad marks Note: Nếu câu với Mđề IF Kđịnh, Mđề chính thể Pûđịnh , ta có thể chuyển sang UNLESS = cách đổi Mđề chính thành thể Kđịnh Ex: If you are lazy, you can’t be successful = Unless you are lazy, you can be successful (15) B/ CÁCH VIẾT CÂU ĐIỀU KIỆN TỪ TÌNH HUỐNG T HUOÁNG CHO: 1.Có từ “OR” : viết đk loại H.taïi 3.Q khưÙ : : loại loại 4.Có từ “SO”: viết xuôi S+V IF + S + V 5.Có từ “BECAUSE”: viết ngược S +V SO S + V , S +V because S +V IF + S + V Phủ định viết khẳng định & ngược lại , S+V I am not clever, so I won’t be a doctor If I were clever, I would be a doctor John was sick because he ate much cake If John hadn’t eaten much cake, he’d not have been sick Examples: Trường hợp khác : S+ can /will+ V1 but S + must/ have to +V1 IF + S + V1/Vs,es , S + can/ will + V1 ( Ñk 1) Ex: I’ll let you borrow the book but you must promise to return it next week If you promise to return the book next week, I’ll let you borrow it V or S + will /can +V1 S + will/ can + V1 unless you + V1 Ex: Work hard or you’ll fail the exam You’ll fail the exam unless you work hard LESSON : UNREAL WISHES ( Ước Muốn Không Thể Xảy Ra) S + wish + (that) could + V1 : Tình Htại / Tlai , trái với khả would / should + V1 : Tình huoáng Tlai (16) + S + V2 / were; didn’t+ V1 / weren’t hadn’t + V3 If only Ex: a) b) c) d) : Tình huoáng Htaïi : Tình Qkhứ I wish I (can fly) could fly We wish it (be) would be sunny soon If only we (see) saw a UFO now He wishes he (meet) had met her yesterday Sentence Transformation: S+ be sorry What a pity It is a pity S + regret S + / does not like a S Note: - + wish + ( that) S + V + + Ving / S + Ving / to v1 + ( that ) + V S + V Theâm S ( neáu thieáu) Kđịnh Pđịnh ( và ngược lại) Htaïi Qkhứ; Qkhứ Qkhứ hoàn thành Ex: I’m sorry that I didn’t come yesterday I wish ( that) I had come yesterday Ex: Mr Taylor doesn’t like living in a small house Mr Taylor wishes he didn’t live in a small house S + would like / would love b S+ wish + to V1 / to have + + ( that) S + V2 / V3 ed S + had + V3 ed Ex: I’d like to have met her I wish I had met her LESSON 9: GERUND AND INFINITIVE ( Danh Động Từ & Động Từ Nguyên Mẫu) A GERUND (Ving) : đóng vai trò V & N cùng lúc Vai troø: S ( Ex: Learning English is easily.) (17) O - Sau prep (Ex: We are interested in studying English.) - Sau moät soá V (Ex: I enjoy swimming.) C (Ex: Conservation is the safeguarding and the preservation of natural resources.) Notes: The + Ving + of + n ( Ex: The reclaiming of land.) B GERUND OR INFINITIVE : I Các động từ theo sau động từ nguyên mẫu ( To+V1) Theo qui luật thông thường, động từ nào đúng sau động từ khác thì phải dạng nguyeân maãu (TO +V1) Ex: a) I would like to speak to Mr Duran b) Mary asked John to help her c) My brother wants to become a pharmacist d) Every body is expecting her to come II Các động từ & cụm từ theo sau Ving : acknowledge admit appreciate avoid celebrate consider delay =postpone deny detest 10 discontinue 11 discuss 12 dislike 13 endure 14 enjoy 15 escape 16 explain 17 fancy = imagine 18 feel like 19 finish 20 forgive 21 include 22 involve 23 justify 24 keep(continue) 25 mention 26 mind 27 miss 28 practise 29 prevent 30 prohibit 31 propose 32 quit 33 recall 34 report 35 resent 36 resist 37 risk 38 suggest 39 support 40 tolerate 41 understand 42 be accustomed to = be used to 43 be busy 44 be worth 45 can’t help 46 can’t stand 47 get used to = become accustomed to 48 look forward to 49 it’s no good 50 it’s no use III Các động từ theo sau Ving / To V1 không dổi nghĩa: Ex: continue begin dread hate like love prefer start She started to learn English when she was years old (18) She started learning English when she was years old IV Các động từ theo sau Ving / To V1 dổi nghĩa: FORGET, REGET, + REMEMBER Ex: To V1 : seõ xaûy ( Tlai) Ving : đãõ xảy ( Qkhứ) a) Remember to sent John a present Today is his birthday b) I remember meeting you somewhere before but I’m sorry I forget your name TRY + To V1 : coá gaéng laøm Ving : thử làm Ex: a) She tries to pass the entrance exam to the college b) Try knocking at the back door if nobody hears you at the front door STOP + To V1 : dừng lại để làm việc gì khác Ving : dừng lại không làm việc gì (đang làm) Ex: a) Feeling sleepy, the driver stopped to drink a coffee b) That old man tried to stop smoking because of his bad cough NEED + To V1 : cần phải làm ( ý chủ động) Ving : cần phải làm ( ý bị động) Ex: a) Tom needs to work harder b) The grass in front of the house needs cutting V Một số trường hợp khác: ADVISE ALLOW PERMIT RECOMMEND + To V1 Ex: The police allow us to go there V ing Ex: The police allow going there (19) FEEL HEAR SEE WATCH HELP MAKE LET NOTICE BID + Vo / Ving ( ñang) Ex: We saw David jog jogging in the park +O + V1 WOULD RATHER HAD BETTER ( not ) LESSON10 : + V1 Ex: Please let me go Ex: I’d rather drink tea than coffee You’d better not go out CLAUSES & PHRASES OF CAUSES & EFFECTS (Mệnh Đề Và Cụm Từ Chỉ Nguyên Nhân Và Kết Quả) S + be / Vord + SO + adj / adv + THAT + S + V ( quaù… Ex: The tea is so hot that I can’t drink it He drove so badly that he couldn’t pass the driving test S + V + SUCH + (a/ an) + adj + n + ( quaù… Ex: đến nổi…) THAT + S + V… đến nổi…) It is such hot tea that I can’t drink He was such a bad driver that he couldn’t pass the driving test S + be / V ord + TOO + adj/adv + (for +O) + TO + V1 (+ O)* ( quaù * Bỏ ‘for O’ O này = S chung chung * Boû O cuûa ‘to V’ O naøy = S Ex: The tea is too hot for me to drink He drove too badly to pass the driving test 4/ be +adj S + + enough + (for +O) + To V1 ( + O ) neân khoâng theå…) (20) V ord + adv Ex: Sentence (đủ… để…) The tea is not warm enough for me to drink He didn’t drive well enough to pass the driving test Transformation: S(n) a/ + It /This /That He/ She/ They Ex: n + THAT… + SO + adv + THAT … n + THAT… He drove so badly that he couldn’t pass the driving test He was such a bad driver that S + V + SO c/ THAT… + be + SUCH + (a/ an) +adj + S + be + SUCH + (a/an) + adj + Ex: + The tea is so hot that I can’t drink it It is such hot tea that I can’t drink it S + Vord b/ be + SO + adj + adj / adv + THAT + S + V + (O )* S + V + TOO + adj/adv + (for +O) + TO + V1 (+ O)* * Bỏ ‘for O’ O này = S chung chung * Boû O cuûa ‘To V’ O naøy = S Ex: a) The tea is so hot that I can’t drink The tea is too hot for me to drink b) He drove so badly that he couldn’t pass the driving test He drove too badly to pass the driving test …TOO + d/ adj / adv … … NOT + adj /adv + ENOUGH… Ex: The tea is too hot for me to drink The tea is not warm enough for me to drink LESSON 11 : RELATIVE CLAUSES ( Mệnh Đề Quan Hệ) Relative Pronouns & Adverbs: (21) Functions Antecedents Things Subject Object Poss Which Which Who Whom Whose + n (of which) Whose + n People Place Time Reason Adv Where When Why Notes: *Where = prep + nplace *When = prep + ntime *Why = for + the reason *‘THAT’ thay cho “WHO, WHOM, WHICH” mệnh đề có giới hạn (không đứng sau dấu phẩy, prep) *Dùng dấu phẩy tách mệnh đề quan hệ khỏi mệnh đề chính tiền danh từ là: - Danh từ riêng - Danh từ bổ nghĩa = THIS, THAT, THESE, THOSE - Danh từ bổ nghĩa = sở hữu (MY, YOUR, …,TOM’S HOUSE,…) - Danh từ bổ nghĩa = nhóm từ ( EX: The man from Hanoi,…) Ex: They wanted to see my manager, who was away Relative Clauses: Rel Cl Ant Things People People/ things Place Time Reason Ex: a/ b/ c/ d/ e/ f/ Relative clause Relative pronoun / adverb The other parts + which / that + V ( + O) + S+V + who / that + V( + O) + whom /that + S+V V ( + O) + whose +n+ S+V + where + when + S + V (+ O) + why Could you iron the trousers? They’re hanging up behind the door Could you iron the trousers which/that are hanging up behind the door? She showed me the radio She had bought it She showed me the radio which/ that She had bought I don’t like the people People lose their temper easily I don’t like the people who /that lose their temper easily The man works here I saw him yesterday The man whom/ that I saw yesterday works here The house is very large Its door is green The house whose door is green is very large Have you seen the girl? I’m keeping her bicycle (22) Have you seen the girl whose bicycle I’m keeping? g/ Vietnam is beautiful We live in vietnam Vietnam, where we live, is beautiful REPORTED SPEECH LESSON 12: (Câu Tường Thuật) Phaùt bieåu: S + V (chia roài) … TOLD + O S+ (THAT) + S +V (luøi thì) SAID Ex1: They said to us, “These are snakes.” They told us (that) those were snakes Ex2 : “I came at o’clock,” he said He said (that) he had come at o’clock Caâu hoûi: a/ WH_ / How_ Questions: “WH + V + S… b/ YES _ NO Questions: “ V + S … ?” asked + (O) S + wanted to know wondered + WH + IF / WHETHER ?” S + V (luøi thì) Ex1: The stranger said, “ Where is Tra Vinh town school?” The stranger asked where Tra Vinh town school was Ex2: “ Did you see him?” she said to me She asked me if / whether I had seen him 3.Meänh Leänh &ø Yeâu Caàu: To+V1 … ( KĐ) Not + To + V1 ( PĐ) TOLD S+ ASKED +O+ To + V1 (MLKÑ) Not to + V1 (MLPÑ) Notes: Ex: He said to us, “ Keep silent here, please.” He told us to keep silent there Ex: “Don’t laugh at me” said Mary Mary asked me not to laugh at her Change of Adverbs of Time & Place: (23) Direct speech here this these now today Reported speech Direct speech Reported speech there that those then that day tonight yesterday ago tomorrow 10 next (week….) that night the previous day, the day before before the following day, the next day 10 the following (week…) Change of Pronoun & Poss Adj: Per Subj I We You They He She It 3 S + V Obj Me Us You Them Him Her It Poss Adj My Our Your Their His Her Its Poss Pro Mine Ours Yours Theirs His Hers its I YOU HE SHE IT WE YOU THEY + O, “ person 1…………………… person 2” (chuùng) toâi (caùc)baïn Changes of Tenses: Direct Speech V1 / Reported Speech Vs/es am V2 ed was is are +Ving has / have + V3 ed +Ving were had + V3ed ed V2 was / were + Ving will shall can may must had been + Ving would should +V1 could might had to +V1 Notes: 1/ Khi từ ‘WH’ làm S bổ nghĩa cho S O đổi thể Ex: “Who has broken this vase?” said my father My father asked who had broken that vase 2/ Khi câu trực tiếp diễn tả chân lí, thật hiển nhiên O đổi thì Ex: Our teacher said, “The sun rises in the East.” Our teacher said that the sun rises in the east 3/ Khi động từ tường thuật thì Htại or Tlai O đổi thì, không đổi thời gian & nơi chốn, đổi ngôi Ex: He says, “I’m hurry now.” He says that he is hungry now 4/ S + should / had better + (not) V1 S + advised + O + (not) To V1 Ex: You should eat a lot of fresh fruit He advised me to eat a lot of fresh fruit Tất các hình thức đổi sang câu tường thuật phải đổi ngôi : Ngôi đổi theo người nói (S) Ngôi đổi theo người nghe (O) Ngôi giữ nguyên (24) LESSON 13 : CLAUSES OF PURPOSE (Mệnh Đề Chỉ Mục Đích) SO THAT S + V + _ + S + IN ORDER THAT …để mà… can/could will/ would shall/ should may/ might + V1 Ex: a) We study hard We want to pass the exam We study hard so that we can pass the exam b) I helped Nam I wanted him to finish the work on time I helped Nam in order that he could finish the work on time Notes: Phrase of Purpose to S +V + in order to + V1 so as to in order for + O +TO … đeÅ… Ex: We study hard to pass the exam I helped Nam in order for him to finish the work on time COMPARISONS LESSON 14 : ( So Saùnh) Types Models 1/ Equal Degree (So saùnh baèng) AS NOT 2/Comparitive Degree (So saùnh hôn) adj / adv + AS (baèng, nhö) AS/SO + adj / adv + (khoâng baèng, khoâng nhö) + adj / adv(ngaén) MORE + + ER adj / adv(daøi) + + AS THAN THAN (25) 3/ Superlative Degree (So saùnh nhaát) THE + adj / adv(ngaén) THE MOST + adj + EST / adv(daøi) Examples: a) You are as tall as I am (=me) b) John doesn’t work as/so effectively as Tom (does) 2/ a) The letter will probably arrive sooner than you expect b) Mr Smith can drive more carefully than his wife (can) 3/ a) She works (the) hardest of anyone in the class b) That’s the most beautiful girl I’ve ever seen 1/ Notes: 1/ Short Adj / Adv (ngaén): - vaàn Ex: tall, soon Small… - vaàn taän cuøng = -y,-er, -le,-ow, -et, Ex: happy, clever, simple,… early 2/ Long Adj /Adv (daøi): - vần trở lên, trừ các trường hợp trên Ex: modern, carefully, comfortable… - vaàn taän cuøng = -ly Ex: quickly, loudly… 3/ So Sánh Nhất : Dùng cho đối tượng trở lên 4/ Khi theâm “-er ; -est” large larger largest big bigger biggest dry drier driest 5/ So Saùnh Baát Qui Taéc: good / well better best bad / badly worse worst many/much more most little less least far farther/further farthest/furthest Sentence 1/ Transformation: adj / adv + ER _ + MORE + adj /adv A + B + V not + SO / AS V + + adj /adv … AS THAN + + B A adj / adv(phaûn nghóa) + ER B + V + _ + THAN + A MORE + adj /adv(phaûn nghóa) Ex: Betty is younger than Susan Susan is not so young as Betty ( Susan is older than Betty.) (26) A 2/ + be B + V not adj + ER + a(an) + _ + n + MORE + adj + SO /AS + AS + adv + THAN + B A Ex: He is a more careful driver than I am I don’t drive so carefully as he does (=as him) S + has/have + never/not + V3 + such + a(an) + adj + 3/ n (before) adj + est This is the + _ + n most + adj Ex: 4/ + (that) + S + has/have + (ever) V3 He has never watched such an exciting match before This is the most exciting match he’s ever watched No one / Nobody adj + er + place + be + _ + than + A more + adj adj + est A + be + the + + place most + adj Ex: No one in the village is stronger than Tom Tom is the strongest in the village LESSON 15 : SENTENCE TRANSFORMATION ( Biến đổi câu) khoảng TG + ago S + started /began + Ving / to V1… + (prep.+) moác TG 1/ S + Ex: has / have + V3 been +Ving for + khoảng TG + since + moác TG We started studying English half an hour ago We’ve been studying English for half an hour (27) khoảng TG + ago The last time + S + V2 + … was + (prep.+) moác TG 2a/ for + khoảng TG S + has / have not + V3 … + Ex: since + moác TG The last time she had a swim was five years ago She has not had a swim for five years S + last + V2 + … when S + 2b/ S + has / have not Ex: since + S + V2 + V3 … + I last went to the football match when I was a student I haven’t gone to the football match since I was a student S + has / have not + 3/ V2 V3 … + for + 01 khoảng TG since + S + V2 It + is + khoảng TG + Ex: She hasn’t had a swim for five years It is five years since she had a swim S 4/ 5/ + has /have + never/not + V … (+before) This / it is the first time + (that) + S + has /have + ever + V … Ex: I’ve never visited Paris before This is the first time (that) I’ve (ever) visited Paris S + V2 … and then (S) + After + S + had + V3 … Ex: V2 , S + V2 … I had breakfast and then went to school After I had had breakfast, I went to school 6/ The formal subject “IT”: Ving / To V1 … + be + adj /n IT + be + adj / n (+for O) + To V1… Ex: Knowing English is useful It is useful to know English 7/ The formal object “IT”: Ving / To V1 … + be + adj /n S + V* + IT + adj / n + (+for O) to V1… (28) V* : find, make, think consider, believe, feel,… Ex: Living in the city is exciting Some people find it exciting to live in the city 8/ be accustomed to = be used to become accustomed to = get used to Ex: + V ing We often go to school by bus We are used to going to school by bus 9/ used to + V Ex: My grandfather often played tennis when he was young My grandfather used to play tennis when he was young 10/ S + spend(s) / spent + time + V ing It + takes / took (+ O) + time + To V1 We spent five hours getting to London I t took us five hours to get to London Ex: can S + not could 11/ + V1 … because of + n prevent(s) / stop(s) S + _ + O + from + prevented / stopped Ex: We can’t drive because of fog The fog prevents us from driving Ving 12/ Inversion: Đảo ngữ Adv* + V + S… Adv*: No longer, Never, Rarely, Seldom, Only, No sooner, Hardly … She no longer gets up early No longer does she get up early 13/ Who + /does + S + belong to? Who own(s) …….? Whose + V + S… ? Whose + n + V + S … ? Ex: Who does this bicycle belong to? Who owns this bicycle? Ex: (29) Whose is this bicycle? Whose bicycle is this? 14/ Causative Form: O (Người) +V1 S + have / get + ( Chủ động) O (vaät) + V3 nhờ đó làm việc gì (bị động) Ex : a) Tom is going to repair my T.V tomorrow I am going to have Tom repair my T.V tomorrow I am going to have my T.V repaired by Tom tomorrow b) He’s getting someone to mend the window He’s having the window mended 15/ Because + S + V Because of + n / Ving Example: a) Because she walked in the sun, she was sick Because of walking in the sun, she was sick b) Because the weather was bad,the train was delayed for twenty minutes Because of the bad weather, the train was delayed for twenty minutes b) Because the + n + be + adj Because of the + adj + n c) Because he is ill, he can’t go there Because of his illness, he can’t go there c) Because S Because of + be poss adj + adj n + d) Because she behaves well, everybody loves her Because of her good behavior, everybody loves her d) Because S + V*ord Because of Poss Adj + adj V* : develop, invent, liberate, + adv + n discover, (n) : development, invention, liberation, discovery, behave, rain… behavior, rain, … e) Because there was the August Revolution, Vietnam was freed from colonialism and feudalism Because of the August Revolution, Vietnam was freed from colonialism and feudalism (30) e) Because Because of 16/ + there + be Although / Though S + V n /Ving … In spite of / Despite + Ex: + + n… + n… Although he is rich, he is extremely mean In spite of his richness, he is extremely mean 17 Styles: Using N There + be a determination There + be a tendency show a desire give thought to have knowledge of 1) 2) 3) 4) 5) Using V S + be determined S + tend desire think about/of know about Ex: There is a determination to overcome problems Children are determined to overcome problems LESSON 16 : SUBJECT AND VERB CONCORD *Special Cases: (Sự Hòa Hợp Giữa Chủ Từ Và Động Từ) prep 1/ n / pron + as well as + n / pron + V Ex: The teacher with his students is in the classroom 2/ N / Pron + or / nor + N / Pron + V Ex: Either he or you are the translator Each 3/ (of) Every + n / pron + V sing Ex: Each of us has books and pens Everybody 4/ Somebody Anybody = Everyone = Anyone Everything Something Ex: Everyone knows him = no one Anything None of + N/pron + V + Vsing Ex : None of the students have good mark None of the student has good mark (31) A number of + N + Vplural Ex : A number of students are absent from class today The number of + N + Vsingular This year, the number of accidents has risen S(thời gian, tiền, khoảng cách, trọng lượng) + Vsingular Ex : Twenty dollars is too much for that shirt S(Ving/To V) + Vsingular Ex : Smoking is bad for health To live is to struggle ( Sống là tranh đấu ) There + Be + N Ex : There is some sugar in the jar There are some books on the self 10 Phần trăm/phân số + of + Nkhông đếm + Vsingular Ex : Sixty percent of waste paper is recycled Phaàn traêm/phaân soá + of + Nplural + Vplural Ex : Half of the students in this school come from the country LESSON 17 : EXPRESSIONS OF QUANTITY I Expressions of quantity: 1) with plural, countable nouns: MOST A LARGE NUMBER OF MANY A LOT OF / LOTS OF SOME (A) FEW (Những Cụm Từ Chỉ Số Lượng) books are useful 2) With uncountable nouns: MOST A GREAT DEAL OF MUCH A LOT OF / LOTS OF SOME (A) LITTLE sugar is sold 3) With verbs: A GREAT DEAL OF They know MUCH about English literature A LOT (A) LITTLE * Notes: most them / us / … many + OF + the / this / that /these / those (a) few my / your /… /Tom’s/ … (a) little (32) Many / Much thường dùng : - in neg & inter Form - after TOO, SO, AS ,VERY here A little, a few some : positive Little , few o : negative Ex : He’s a man of few words II HOW MUCH, HOW MANY Questions : Ex: He can’t drink much Ex: There are too many night club Ex : Would you like a little tea? 1) How many + pl Count Noun + inter form? 2) How much + uncount noun + inter form? Ex: how much time does jane spend studying? 3) How much + inter form? Ex: how much did he drink last night? Notes: Ex: how many students are there in your class? how many / how much + S + affir form? Ex: How many English tourists have visited TV? Irregular verbs be:am/is/are beat become begin bind bite blow break bring 10 build 11 buy 12 catch 13 choose 14 come 15 cost 16 cut 17 18 draw 19 drink 20 drive 21 eat 22 fall 23 feed 24 feel 25 fight 26 find 27 fly 28 forbid 29 forget 30 freeze 31 get Was/were, Beat Became Began Bound Bit Blew Broke Brought Built Bought Caught Chose Came Cost Cut Did Drew Drank Drove Ate Fell Fed Felt Fought Found Flew Forbad(e) Forgot Froze Got Been Beaten Become Begun Bound Bitten Blown Broken Brought Built Bought Caught Chosen Come Cost Cut Done Drawn Drunk Driven Eaten Fallen Fed Felt Fought Found Flown Forbidden Forgetten Frozen Got/gotten Là,thì,ở,bị,được Đánh Trở nên Bắt đầu Troùi,buoäc,baùm Caén Thoåi Làm gãy,làm vỡ Mang laïi Xây dựng Mua Baét Chọn lựa Đến Trò giaù Chaët, caét Laøm Veõ Uoáng Laùi xe AÊn Rôi,teù Cho aên Caûm thaáy Chiến đấu Tìm thaáy Bay Caám Queân Ñoâng laïnh Bị,được,trở nên (33) 32 give 33 go 34 grow 35 hang 36 have 37 hear 38 hide 39 hit 40 hold 41 hurt 42 keep 43 know 44 lay 45 lead 46 leave 47 lend 48 let 49 lie 50 lose 51 make 52 meet 53 overcome 54 pay 55 put 56 read 57 ride 58 ring 59 rise 60 run 61 say 62 see 63 seek 64 sell 65 send 66 shake 67 shine 68 shoot 69 show 70 sing 71 sleep 72 speak 73 sit 74 spend 75 stand 76 steal 77 strike 78 swim 79 swing 80 take Gave Went Grew Hung Had Heard Hid Hit Held Hurt Kept Knew Laid Led Left Lent Let Lay Lost Made Met Overcame Paid Put Read Rode Rang Rose Ran Said Saw Sought Sold Sent Shook Shone Shot Showed Sang Slept Spoke Sat Spent Stood Stole Struke Swam Swung Took Given Gone Grown Hung Had Heard Hidden Hit Held Hurt Kept Known Laid Led Left Lent Let Lain Lost Made Met Overcome Paid Put Read Ridden Rung Risen Run Said Seen Sought Sold Sent Shaken Shone Shot Shown Sung Slept Spoken Sat Spent Stood Stolen Struke Swum Swung Taken Cho Ñi Troàng,moïc,phaùt trieån Treo,maéc Coù Nghe Che giaáu,aån naáp Đụng,đánh Cầm,nắm,giữ Laøm ñau Giữ Bieát Đặt,để Daãn,daét Rời khỏi,để lại Cho mượn Để cho Naèm Maát,thua,loã Laøm,cheá taïo Gaëp Khắc phục,vượt qua Traû tieàn Đặt,để Đọc Cươi(ngựa, xe đạp) Rung (chuoâng) Moïc Chaïy Noùi Thaáy Tìm đến Baùn Gửi Rung, laéc Chieáu saùng Baén Chæ,cho xem Haùt Nguû Noùi Ngoài Traõi qua, tieâu xaøi Đứng AÊn caép Đánh Bôi Ñung ñöa,luùc laéc Laáy,ñöa,daãn (34) 81 teach 82 tear 83 tell 84 think 85 throw 86 understand 87 wake 88 wear 89 win 90 write Taught Tore Told Thought Threw Understood Woke Wore Won Wrote Taught Torn Told Thought Thrown Understood Woken Worn Won Written Daïy Xeù Keå,baûo Suy nghó Neùm,lieäng Hieåu Thức giấc Mặc,mang,đội Thắng,đoạt vieát (35)