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Because of the August Revolution, Vietnam was freed from colonialism and feudalism.... Although he is rich, he is extremely mean.[r]
(1)LESSONSENTENCE TRANSFORMATION ( Biến đổi câu) khoảng TG + ago S + started /began + Ving / to V1… + (prep.+) moác TG 1/ S + has / have + V3 for + khoảng TG + been +Ving Ex: since + moác TG We started studying English half an hour ago We’ve been studying English for half an hour khoảng TG + ago The last time + S + V2 + … was + (prep.+) moác TG 2a/ S + has / have not + V3 … + Ex: since + moác TG The last time she had a swim was five years ago She has not had a swim for five years S + last + V2 + … when S + 2b/ S + has / have not Ex: 3/ for + khoảng TG V2 since + S + V2 + V3 … + I last went to the football match when I was a student I haven’t gone to the football match since I was a student S + has / have not + V3 … + It + is + khoảng TG + for + 01 khoảng TG since + S + V2 Ex: She hasn’t had a swim for five years It is five years since she had a swim S + has /have + never/not + V … (+before) (2) 4/ 5/ This / it is the first time + (that) + S + has /have + ever + V 3… Ex: I’ve never visited Paris before This is the first time (that) I’ve (ever) visited Paris S + V2 … and then (S) + After + S + had + V3 … V2 , S + V2 … I had breakfast and then went to school After I had had breakfast, I went to school Ex: 6/ The formal subject “IT”: Ving / To V1 … + be + adj /n (+for O) To V1… IT + be + adj / n (+for O) + Ex: Knowing English is useful It is useful to know English 7/ The formal object “IT”: Ving / To V1 … + be + adj /n S + V* + IT + adj / n + to V1… V* : find, make, think consider, believe, feel,… Ex: Living in the city is exciting Some people find it exciting to live in the city 8/ be accustomed to = be used to become accustomed to = get used to Ex: 9/ + V ing We often go to school by bus We are used to going to school by bus used to + V Ex: My grandfather often played tennis when he was young My grandfather used to play tennis when he was young (3) 10/ S + spend(s) / spent + time + V ing It + takes / took (+ O) + time + To V1 We spent five hours getting to London I t took us five hours to get to London Ex: can S + not could 11/ + V1 … because of + n prevent(s) / stop(s) S + _ + O + from + prevented / stopped Ex: We can’t drive because of fog The fog prevents us from driving Ving 12/ Inversion: Đảo ngữ Adv* + V + S… Adv*: No longer, Never, Rarely, Seldom, Only, No sooner, Hardly … She no longer gets up early No longer does she get up early 13/ Who + /does + S + belong to? Who own(s) …….? Whose + V + S… ? Whose + n + V + S … ? Ex: Who does this bicycle belong to? Who owns this bicycle? Whose is this bicycle? Whose bicycle is this? Ex: 14/ Causative Form: S + have / get + O (Người) +V1 O (vaät) + V3 nhờ đó làm việc gì ( Chủ động) (bị động) Ex : a) Tom is going to repair my T.V tomorrow (4) I am going to have Tom repair my T.V tomorrow I am going to have my T.V repaired by Tom tomorrow b) He’s getting someone to mend the window He’s having the window mended Because + S + V Because of + n / Ving 15/ a) Example: a) Because she walked in the sun, she was sick Because of walking in the sun, she was sick b) Because the + n + be + adj Because of the + adj + n b) Because the weather was bad,the train was delayed for twenty minutes Because of the bad weather, the train was delayed for twenty minutes c) Because S Because of + be poss adj + adj n + c) Because he is ill, he can’t go there Because of his illness, he can’t go there d) Because S + V*ord Because of Poss Adj + adj + adv + n d) Because she behaves well, everybody loves her Because of her good behavior, everybody loves her V* : develop, invent, liberate, discover, (n) : development, invention, liberation, discovery, behave, rain… behavior, rain, … e) Because Because of + there + be + n… + n… e) Because there was the August Revolution, Vietnam was freed from colonialism and feudalism Because of the August Revolution, Vietnam was freed from colonialism and feudalism (5) 16/ Although / Though Ex: + In spite of / Despite + S + V n /Ving … Although he is rich, he is extremely mean In spite of his richness, he is extremely mean 17 Styles: 1) 2) 3) 4) 5) Using N There + be a determination There + be a tendency show a desire give thought to have knowledge of Using V S + be determined S + tend desire think about/of know about Ex: There is a determination to overcome problems Children are determined to overcome problems CÔNG THỨC CHUYỂN ĐỔI CÂU S + be + adj + prep S + V + adv Eg: My students are very good at Mathematics -> My students study Mathematics well S + remember + to Sth S + don’t forget + to Sth -> I remember to have a Maths test tomorrow I don't forget to have a Maths test tomorrow It + be + adj What + a + adj + N! -> It was an interesting film What an interesting film S + V + adv How + adj + S + be -> She washes clothes quickly How quick she is to wash clothes S + be + ing-adj S + be +ed-adj S + V S + be + ed-adj (6) S + V + Khoảng thời gian It + take + (sb) + Khoảng thời gian + to + V She have learned English for years -> It takes her years to learn English S + be + too + adj + (for s.o) + to + V S + be + so + adj + that + S + can’t + V -> The water is too hot for Peter to drink The water is so hot that Peter can't drink S + V + too + adv + to + V S + V + so + adv + that + S + can’t + V 10 S + be + so + adj + that + S + V S + be + not + adj + enough + to + V 11 S + be + too + adj + to + V S + be + not + adj + enough + to + V 12 S + V + so + adv + that + S + V It + V + such + (a/an) + N(s) + that + S +V -> He speaks so soft that we can’t hear anything He does not speak soft 13 Because + clause Because of + noun/gerund Because she is absent her from In spite of + Nound/gerund 15 Although + clause Despite + Nound/gerund 16 S + V + N S + be + adj 17 S + be + adj S + V + O *18 S + be accustomed to + Ving S + be used to +Ving /N *19 S + often + V S + be used to +Ving /N -> Nana often cried when she meets with difficulties Nana is used to crying when she meets with difficulties *20 This is the first time + S + have + PII = S+be + not used to + Ving/N -> This is the first time I have seen so many people crying at the end of the movie I was not used to seeing so many people crying at the end of the movie *21 S + would prefer = S + would rather S + Past subjunctive (lối cầu khẩn) *24 S + like sth/doing sth better than sth/doing sth = S + would rather + V + than + V = S + prefer sth/doing sth to sth/doing sth (7) -> I prefer going shoping to playing volleyball I would rather go shoping than play volleyball 22 S + V + O = S + find + it (unreal objective) + adj + to + V *23 It’s one’s duty to sth = S + be + supposed to sth 24 S + be + PII + to + V = S + be + supposed to sth *25 Imperative verb (mệnh lệnh)= S + should (not) + be + PII *26 Imperative verb (mệnh lệnh)= S + should (not) + sth 27 S + like sth = S + be + fond of + sth -> I like collecting stamps I'm fond of collecting stamps *28 S + let + O + sth = S + allow + S.O + to Sth -> My boss let him be on leave for wedding My boss allow him to be on leave for wedding *29 S + once + past verb = S + would to + sth 30 S + present verb (negative) any more = S + would to + sth *31 S + V + because + S + V = S + V + to + infinitive -> She studies hard because she wants to pass the final examination She studies hard to pass the final examination *32 S + V + so that/ in order that+ S + V = S + V + to + infinitive 33 To infinitive or gerund + be + adj = It + be + adj + to + V *34 S + V + and + S + V = S + V + both and *35 S + V + not only + but also = S + V + both and 36 S + V + both and = S + V + not only but also -> He translated fast and correctly He translated not only fast but also correctly 37 S1+simple present+and+S2+simple futher =If+S1 + simple present + S2 + simple futher (8) 38 S1+didn’t + V1 + Because + S2 + didn’t + V2 = If Clause 39 Various facts given = Mệnh đề if thể điều trái ngược thực tế 40 S1 + V1 + if + S2 + V2(phủ định)= S1 + V1 + Unless + S2 + V2 (khẳng định) 41 S + V + O = S + be + noun + when + adj clause 42 S + V + O = S + be + noun + where + adj clause 43 S + V + O = S + be + noun + whom + adj clause 44 S + V + O = S + be + noun + which + adj clause 45 S + V + O = S + be + noun + that + adj clause 46 S + V + if + S + V (phu dinh) = S + V + unless + S + V (khang dinh) *47 S + be + scared of sth = S + be + afraid of + sth 48 Let’s + V = S + suggest + that + S + present subjunctive 49 In my opinion = S + suggest + that + S + present subjunctive (quan điểm tôi) 50 S + advise = S + suggest + that + S + present subjunctive 51 Why don’t you sth? = S + suggest + that + S + present subjunctive *52 S + get + sb + to sth = S + have + sb + sth -> She gets him to spend more time with her She have him spend more time with her *53 S + aks + sb + to sth = S + have + sb + sth -> Police asked him to identify the other man in the next room Police have him identify the other man in the next room 54 S + request + sb + to sth= S + have + sb + sth -> The teacher request students to learn by heart this poem The teacher have students laern by heart this poem 55 S + want + sb + to sth = S + have + sb + sth -> I want her to lend me I have her lend me (9) *56 S + V + no + N = S + be + N-less -> She always speaks no care She is always careless about her words 57 S + be + adj + that + S + V = S + be + adj + to + V -> Study is necessary that you will get a good life in the future Study is necessary to get a good life in the future (10)