Mooring equipment guidelines (MEG4) 4ED 2018 Thuyền Viên Hàng Hải

Mooring equipment guidelines (MEG4) 4ED 2018 dành cho các thủy thủ sinh viên thuyền viên hàng hải tham khảo về các tài liệu cũng như trong học tập đi tàu biển Mooring equipment guidelines (MEG4) 4ED 2018 dành cho các thủy thủ sinh viên thuyền viên hàng hải tham khảo về các tài liệu cũng như trong học tập đi tàu biển

Mooring Equipment Guidelines (MEG4) Fourth Edition 2018 OCIMF OCIMF Mooring Equipment Guidelines (MEG4) Fourth Edition 2018 The OCIMF mission is to be the foremost authority on the safe and environmentally responsible operation of oil tankers, terminals and offshore support vessels, promoting continuous improvement in standards of design and operation © Copyright OCIMF 2018 Issued by the Oil Companies International Marine Forum 29 Queen Anne's Gate London SWlH 9BU United Kingdom First Edition Published1992 Second Edition Published1997 Third Edition Published2008 Fourth Edition Published2018 Book ISBN: 978-1-85609-771-0 © Oil Companies International Marine Forum, Bermuda British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library The Oil Companies International Marine Forum (OCIMF) is a voluntary association of oil companies with an interest in the shipment and terminalling of crude oil, oil products, petrochemicals and gas Our mission is to be the foremost authority on the safe and environmentally responsible operation of oil tankers, terminals and offshore support vessels, promoting continuous improvement in standards of design and operation Terms of Use The advice and information given in 'Mooring Equipment Guidelines (MEG4)' (the Publication) is intended to be used at the user's own risk Acceptance or otherwise of recommendations and/or guidance in this Publication is entirely voluntary The use of the terms 'will', 'shall', 'must' and other similar such words is for convenience only, and nothing in this Publication is intended or should be construed as establishing standards or requirements No warranties or representations are given nor is any duty of care or responsibility accepted by the Oil Companies International Marine Forum (OCIMF), the membership or employees of OCIMF or by any person, firm, corporation or organisation (who or which has been in any way concerned with the furnishing of information or data, the compilation or any translation, publishing, supply or sale of the Publication) for the accuracy of any information or advice given in the Publication or any omission from the Publication or for any consequence whatsoever resulting directly or indirectly from compliance with, adoption of or reliance on guidance contained in the Publication even if caused by a failure to exercise reasonable care on the part of any of the aforementioned parties Published in2018by Witherby Publishing Group Ltd Dunlop Square, Livingston EH54 8SB, Scotland, UK +44(0)1506 463 227 info@witherbys.com witherbys.com Printed and bound by Trade Colour Printing, Penrith, UK ii Foreword Foreword Each year too many seafarers and terminal operators are injured, or worse, when mooring lines fail under tension In the ten years between 2007 and 2016 the Marine Accident Investigation Branch (MAIB) received 37 such reports In the five years between 2009 and 2014, another major maritime nation recorded more than 90 accidents in its ports involving broken mooring lines, with two lives lost That these statistics are reported by just two of the many maritime authorities around the world suggests a much larger problem, which has been reflected by recent extensive discussions within the industry and at the International Maritime Organization (IMO) The MAIB recently investigated an accident involving the failure of an HMSF mooring line on board a large LNG carrier Our investigation revealed widespread misunderstanding over the properties, use and maintenance of this type of line I was therefore delighted to have been asked by the Oil Companies International Marine Forum (OCIMF) to write the foreword for this, the fourth edition of their Mooring Equipment Guidelines (MEG4} This publication represents best known mooring technology and practice Importantly, it also reflects the move by industry and regulators towards Human-Centred Design principles, a systems approach to mooring equipment in general as well as a more holistic application to the selection, inspection and maintenance of mooring lines The overarching result of such measures will be to ensure that mooring equipment is properly selected for the type, size and expected trading pattern of the ship and its mooring lines are retired from use before they fail This will undoubtedly reduce the number of accidents to seafarers and terminal staff during mooring and unmooring operations On behalf of all mariners, I would like to take this opportunity to thank OCIMF for its excellent work and ongoing commitment to updating and improving what is universally held to be the most important reference book on mooring equipment and best mooring practice I recommend MEG4 as an essential read, not only to the hydrocarbon and chemical industry sectors but to all ship and terminal operators, regulators, ship designers and Classification Societies throughout our maritime industry Steve Clinch MNM Chief Inspector of Marine Accidents UK Marine Accident Investigation Branch iii Mooring Equipment Guidelines (MEG4) Introduction The Oil Companies International Marine Forum (OCIMF) first published Mooring Equipment Guidelines in 1992, with revised editions in 1997 and 2008 The revisions addressed changes in the design of terminals and ships, advances in mooring line or equipment technology and concerns arising from incidents or operating experience Mooring a ship to a berth remains a basic function for the maritime industry A wide range of standards, guidelines and recommendations are available for mooring systems, from mooring equipment and arrangements to mooring practices However, incidents that harm ship and terminal personnel still occur during mooring OCIMF has undertaken a major revision of the Mooring Equipment Guidelines in this fourth edition, with a focus on the safety of ship and terminal personnel It addresses four significant areas of interest: • Lessons learned from incidents, most notably from failures of HMSF mooring lines • Human-centred mooring designs and human factors in mooring operations • New and in-development regulations and guidance from the IMO on the safety of mooring • Alternative mooring technologies and how they can be incorporated safely into the design of mooring systems both for ships and terminals OCIMF is grateful for the support and contribution made by other shipping industry associations, equipment manufacturers, port and terminal associations and pilot associations OCIMF would also like to extend a special thank you to the following organisations that played a significant role in the sections with the largest changes and new content: Cordage Institute, Eurocord, International Association of Classification Societies (IACS) and Ship Builders Association of Japan OCIMF would also like to thank the Marine Accident Investigation Bureau (MAIB) for input and feedback during the development of this publication The main changes from the third edition include: • Four new sections: - Section two: Human factors - Section nine: Berth design and fittings - Section ten: Ship/shore interface - Section eleven: Alternative mooring technology • One new appendix: - Appendix B: Guidelines for the purchasing and testing of mooring lines and tails • New tools to help operators manage equipment and lines from design to retirement: - Line Management Plan (LMP) - Mooring System Management Plan (MSMP) • Updated and expanded guidance on mooring lines • New terminology to describe the strength of mooring lines and equipment (see A note on new terminology) • Updated wind and current drag coefficients (appendix A), which have been re-validated by a leading Classification Society from IACS These are now considered the most up-to-date coefficients covering tankers in the size range from 16,000 DWT and above It is recommended that onboard mooring equipment and fittings, including mooring lines, are identified as critical equipment or systems OCIMF defines safety critical equipment as an individual piece of equipment, a control system or an individual protection device which in the event of a single point failure may: • Result in a hazardous situation which could lead to an accident Or • Directly cause an accident that results in harm to people or the environment iv Introduction Alternatives to the recommendations in this publication should only be introduced on the basis of a risk assessment and should be implemented through a proper management of change process Any mitigation measures or contingency plans should take into account the environmental limits for mooring, stopping cargo transfer and departing the berth This publication establishes recommended minimum requirements that will help ship designers, terminal designers, ship operators and mooring line manufacturers improve the design, performance and safety of mooring systems To make sure improvements in mooring system design are implemented as soon as possible in the industry, it is recommended that: • New ships and terminals are designed and built using the recommendations in this publication • New ships already under construction and existing ships consider making changes that will use the recommendations in this publication • If new build ships under construction or existing ships are unable to follow the recommendations in this publication, they should, as a minimum, develop a Mooring System Management Plan (MSMP) and a Line Management Plan (LMP) that will: - Remain on the ship throughout its life as part of the management of change records - Identify a timeline and measures needed to follow the recommendations of this publication - Detail interim measures taken to address the recommendations in this publication, with reasons given for why the changes have not been implemented yet • Where a terminal is already in service, the terminal management should perform a gap assessment with the recommendations in this fourth edition of the Mooring Equipment Guidelines and, where there are gaps, perform a documented risk assessment to ensure these gaps are appropriately managed in accordance with the site's risk management guidelines to reduce risk and enhance safety For new build terminals under consideration, or engineering not yet completed, where applicable, consider and implement the recommendations in the fourth edition of MEG This publication is primarily aimed at the hydrocarbon and chemical industry sectors, conventional tankers, gas carriers and the terminals they visit Many of the guidelines and recommendations in this publication could also be applied to non-conventional tankers and terminals such as Floating (Production) Storage and Offloading units (F(P)SOs) and Floating Storage and Regasification Units (FSUs), particularly where they interface with conventional tankers In addition, some of the guidance and recommendations can be considered to be equally applicable to other industry sectors and non-tanker ship types With the publication of this edition, the following documents have been superseded and are removed from distribution: • Books: - Mooring Equipment Guidelines, Third Edition (MEG3} - Effective Mooring, Third Edition • Information papers: - Potential Hazards Associated with Requests for Additional Mooring Lines by Terminal Operators - Winch Brake Bands Design Considerations Impacting on Reeling Direction Guidelines for Specification of Manufacture, Testing and Procurement of High Modulus Polyethylene Ropes - Summary of the Results of the MARIN Study to Validate the Adequacy of SPM Mooring Equipment Recommendations - Lloyd's Register Risk Assessment of Emergency Tow-off Pennant Systems (ETOPS) Onboard Tank Vessels OCIMF: enquiries@ocimf.org - Recommendations for Alternatives to Traditional Emergency Tow-off Pennants V Contents Contents Foreword Introduction Contents Glossary Abbreviations Bibliography A note on new terminology Introduction to the Mooring System Management Plan and the Line Management Plan Section one 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.8 1.9 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 General Objectives Forces acting on the ship Mooring system design principles Stiffness of lines General mooring guidelines Operational considerations Ship mooring management Mooring System Management Plan 4.2 4.3 4.4 4.5 4.6 4.7 3 14 17 19 20 21 Human factors 30 Introduction Safety critical task analysis Human-Centred Design Operations and maintenance Competence and training Health and wellbeing 32 35 37 41 42 43 Mooring forces and environmental criteria 46 Introduction Standard environmental criteria Calculation of forces Mooring restraint requirements Site-specific environmental data and mooring line loads 48 Section four 4.1 xx Section three 3.1 X xvi xviii xix Introduction to mooring Section two 2.1 iii iv vii 48 50 50 54 Mooring arrangements and layouts 58 Introduction Piers and sea islands Bow mooring at offshore terminals Multi Buoy Moorings Towing Transits of canals and waterways Emergency tow-off pennants 60 61 70 76 78 82 83 vii Mooring Equipment Guidelines (MEG4) 4.8 4.9 4.10 4.11 4.12 4.13 Barge and small ship mooring Ship to ship transfers Arrangements at cargo manifolds Mooring augmentation in exceptional conditions Combination of various requirements Equipment and fitting line-up with operational considerations Section five Mooring lines 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4 5.5 5.6 5.7 5.8 Introduction Mooring system design and line selection Factors influencing mooring line performance Maintenance, inspection and retirement Steel wire ropes High Modulus Synthetic Fibre lines Conventional fibre lines Synthetic mooring tails Section six Mooring winches 6.1 6.2 6.3 6.4 Introduction Selection and specification of mooring winches Design and construction of mooring winches Operation and maintenance of mooring winches Section seven Mooring and towing fittings 7.1 7.2 7.3 Introduction Selection and specification of mooring and towing fittings Design and construction of mooring and towing fittings Section eight Structural reinforcements 8.1 8.2 8.3 8.4 8.5 8.6 8.7 8.8 8.9 9.1 9.2 9.3 viii 83 84 91 91 92 92 94 96 96 106 109 117 122 132 136 144 146 146 152 160 166 168 169 175 184 Introduction Design considerations Mooring winches Fairleads Pedestal fairleads Bitts Recessed bitts Bow chain stopper fittings and Smit towing brackets Special considerations for installation 196 Section nine Berth design and fittings 198 Introduction Berth mooring structure layout considerations Performing mooring evaluations and assumptions 186 186 187 188 192 195 195 195 200 201 204 Contents 9.4 9.5 9.6 9.7 10.1 10.2 10.3 10.4 10.5 10.6 10.7 10.8 10.9 11.1 11.2 11.3 Al Al A3 A4 AS Bl B2 B3 B4 BS B6 B7 88 89 B10 B11 B12 Establishing environmental operating limits Types and application of berth mooring equipment Operational considerations for design of berth mooring equipment Berth mooring equipment and structural inspection and maintenance 208 209 211 212 Section ten Ship/shore interface 214 Introduction Ship operator responsibility Terminal operator responsibility Ship responsibility Berth operator responsibility Ship mooring personnel responsibility Joint ship/shore meeting and inspection Tug and line boat operations Records of mooring operations 216 217 218 223 223 224 224 225 225 Section eleven Alternative mooring technology 226 Introduction Examples of alternative and emerging technologies Due diligence process 228 228 228 Appendices Appendix A: Wind and current drag coefficients 234 Introduction Symbols and notations Wind and current drag coefficients for large tankers Wind and current drag coefficients for gas carriers Example force calculations for VLCC 234 235 236 244 249 Appendix B: Guidelines for the purchasing and testing of mooring lines and tails 252 Introduction How to use these guidelines Stakeholders Documentation Base design process Purchasing process Base design manufacture Base design testing Product supply manufacture Product supply quality assurance testing Nonstandard testing Example documents 252 252 253 255 257 261 263 264 271 272 272 273 ix Mooring Equipment Guidelines (MEG4) A Glossary Abrasion resistance The ability of a fibre or rope to withstand surface wear and rubbing due to motion against other fibres of rope components (internal abrasion) or a contact surface such as a fairlead (external abrasion) Angled break force The break force of a mooring line when bent at 180 degrees around a pin (see also table B12: Guidance on performance indicator interpretation for mooring lines) Angled endurance The residual break force (or cycles to failure) of a mooring line when bent at 180 degrees around a pin and then pulled to destruction (see also table B12: Guidance on performance indicator interpretation for mooring lines) Aramid A manufactured fibre consisting of very long molecular chains formed by rearranging the structure of aromatic polyamides As Low As Reasonably Practicable (ALARP) Each company should develop their own definition of ALARP OCIMF uses the UK Health and Safety Executive (UK HSE) definition in this publication: Making sure a risk has been reduced to ALARP is about weighing the risk against the sacrifice needed to further reduce it The decision is weighted in favour of health and safety and against commercial interest because the presumption is that the duty-holder (e.g the ship operator) should implement the risk reduction measure To avoid having to make this sacrifice, the duty-holder must be able to show that it would be grossly disproportionate to the benefits of risk reduction that would be achieved Thus, the process is not one of balancing the costs and benefits of measures but, rather, of adopting measures except where they can be ignored because they involve grossly disproportionate sacrifices Axial compression fatigue The tendency of a fibre to fail when it is subjected to cyclic loading which exerts compression along its axis B Base design The manufacturer demonstrates the typical performance of their designs by making and testing base design mooring lines or tails Base design samples are identical in every respect, including material, structure, manufacturing methods and splicing technique to the lines or tails offered for sale Base design certificate Completed by the manufacturer and verified by an independent inspector at the end of the base design process for mooring lines or tails Demonstrates that the product has been manufactured, tested and documented following the guidelines in appendix B The base design certificate includes guidance on the interpretation of mooring line performance indicators to help make sure that users and manufacturers are using the same definitions Batch The shortest of the following: • The length required to manufacture a total order of line or tail • The maximum continuous length without strand interchanges that can be produced on rope making machinery This is normally dictated by strand length Best practice OCIMF views this as a method of working or procedure to aspire to as part of continuous improvement Bitts Vertical steel posts or bollards, mounted in pairs, around which a line can be secured Bollard A vertical post ashore to which the eye of a mooring line can be attached Bow chain stopper A mechanical device for securing chafe chains on board a tanker Braided rope A rope produced by intertwining a number of strands Breaking strength For cordage, the nominal force (or load) that would be expected to break or rupture a single specimen in a tensile test conducted under a specified procedure On a group of like specimens, it may be expressed as an average or as a minimum based on statistical analysis X Appendix B: Guidelines for the purchasing and testing of mooring lines and tails B12.2 Example mooring tail acquisition form Mooring tail acquisition form Completed by the user for each order This form allows the user to provide information about their tail requirements so that the manufacturer can then propose mooring tails of the correct dimensions and appropriate performance Ship name(s): LNG Fair Winds Ship design MBL: 137t Tail Design Break Force (ship design MBL + 25%): l 72t Length: 22m I Number of tails: 24 Assembly type: Eye and eye/grom met Tail material and construction: Nylon, strand braided Sheltered dynamic stiffness (Ksh): Less than 5.0 Exposed dynamic stiffness ( Kex): Less than 14 Main mooring line material/construction: HMPE/44mm 12-strand braid Required mooring tail rotation characteristics: N eutral/rotating Order type/reason (select applicable): □ □ □ □ □ New b u i ld Existing s h i p re-o utfitting Existi ng s h i p re-o utfitti ng (ch a n g i n g wire to fi bre) Sched uled l i n e re p lacement(s) Replacement(s) due to l i n e fa i l u re Fabrication requirements: Details of eye sizes/term i n ation and chafe protection Supporting information: Add information that will help the tail manufacturer propose appropriate products, e.g additional detail on elongation/stiffness, buoyancy requiremen ts, life expectations, typical mechanical damage and post experience with similar/identical product Free text Additional quality assurance: The requirement for additional quality assurance measures will depend on a variety of factors including the size or complexity of a specific order, the user's own quality assurance procedures and experience with the selected product and the manufacturer Additional quality assurance testing (e.g NSBF) may be requested in this section and detailed guidance should be provided to line manufacturer Free text 275 Mooring Equipment Guidelines (MEG4) 812.3 Example mooring line proposal form Mooring line proposal form Completed by the manufacturer for each order This form contains details of the lines that satisfy the user requirements based on information provided in the mooring line acquisition form This form is supplied to the user along with the base design certificate and relevant product data sheet Ship design MBL Line Design Break Force Diameter Length Jacketed? Splice type Material type and grade Line design designation Rotating? Line construction M i nimum documentation to be included with this form: 137t 141t 44mm 280m y Oozlum H M P E K129 Mega Rope N strand braid • Base d esign certificate • Prod uct data sheet Comments: Provide comments and recommendations based on the supporting information supplied by the user in the mooring line acquisition form Free text 276 Appen dix B: G u i d elines for the p u rchasing a n d testing of mooring li nes a n d ta ils B12.4 Example mooring tail proposal form Mooring tail proposal form Completed by the manufacturer for each order This form contains details of the tails that satisfy the user requirements based on information provided in the mooring line acquisition form This form is supplied to the user along with the base design certificate and relevant product data sheet Ship design M BL Tail Design Break Force Length Tail assembly type Sheltered dynamic stiffness (Ksh) Exposed dynamic stiffness (Kex) Tail construction Jacketed? Rotating? Splice type Material type and grade Tail design designation 137t 174t 22m Grommet x TDBF 20 x TDBF strand braid y N Tuck Nylon P 246 Opto tail M i n i m u m docu m ents to be i n c l u ded with this fo rm: • Base d esign certificate • Pro d u ct d ata sh eet Comments: Provide comments and recommendations based on the supporting information supplied by the user in the mooring tail acquisition form Free text 277 Mooring Equipment Guidelines (MEG4} B12.5 Example mooring line base design certificate Mooring line base design certificate This form demonstrates that the product has been manufactured, tested and docu mented following the guidelines in appendix B of the Mooring Equipment Guidelines, Fourth Edition The base design performance indicators should be reviewed with reference to the Guidance on performance indica tor interpretation table below Certification does not indicate approval or certification by OCI MF General information Issue date: 16 J une 2015 Line manufacturer: ACME Lines Expiry date: 15 J une 2020 Independent inspection agency: Class AZ Material type and grade: H MPE Kl29 Line design designation (product name): Mega Line construction: 4x2 braided Design range: 28mm-76mm Jacketed (V/N): Y Base design performance indicators Smallest Diameter Performance Indicators Diameter Line Design Break Force (LDBF) Line Linear Density (LLD) Load Bearing Linear Density ( LBLD) Line Tenacity (LT) Design: 28mm 62t 46kg/m 0.5lkg/m 121.6t/kg/m Axial Compression Resistance* (ACR) Average Immediate Strain* (e) SPLICE TYPE Maximum Line Tenacity Measured: 78mm Measured: 29mm Design: 76mm 356t 3.4kg/m 3.32kg/m 107.3t/kg/m D/d Ratio: D/d Ratio: 10 70 75 99 85 Angled Break Force* (ABF) % Avg NSBF Angled Endurance* (AE) % Avg NSBF Temperature (T)** % BF at 20° C Largest Diameter -20°C 0° C 20° c 40° c 60°C 80° C 107 102 100 97 92 87 90 % Avg NSBF % LDBF: 10 0.5 % LDBF: 20 0.7 % LDBF: 30 % LDBF: 40 % LDBF: 50 1.2 1.3 Tuck 121.6t/kg/m *Performance indicators ore tes ted on [28mm] mooring line ** Temperature indica tor performed at yarn level Name and address of manufacturing facility: ACME Lines, 27 Line St, London Independent inspector: J Macdonald Address of independent inspector: Class AZ house, Class St, London NW3 278 Completion date: 23/4/2016 Appendix B: Guidelines for the purchasing and testing of mooring lines and tails Base design sample testing information Name and address of test facility: ACME Lines laboratory, 27 Line Boulevard, Paris, France Address of independent inspector: Class AZ House, Rue de Class, Paris Completion date: 23/4/2016 Independent inspector: J Macdonald Base design sample and product documentation reviewed Independent inspector: J Murray Base design sample man ufacturing report: Y Base design sample m a n ufacturing ITP: Y Base design sample test report: Y M ateri a l test report: Y Design specification: Y Date of review: J u ne 2016 Manufactu rer's d iscard and inspection criteria: Y Splicing i nstructions: Y Jacketed line intern a l inspection report: Y Proced u res for testing and inspection of reti red mooring lines: Y Equivalent documents from other type approval programmes (list) N/A STAMP OF INDEPENDENT I NSPECTOR 279 Mooring Equipment Guidelines (MEG4) Name Indicator Unit of Measurement Line Design Brea k Force LDBF New Straight Brea k Force NSBF Line Linea r Density LLD Load Bearing Linear Density LBLD Line Tenacity LT t kN lb Description Guidance to the Line Selector The tensile force that can be sustained by a prod uct sam p le without ruptu re when tested with termi n ations and in laboratory conditions LDBF is a rating assigned by the m a n ufactu rer, NSBF i s the resu lt of an individ u al test Tested NSBF values m ust be greater than the LDBF The LDBF will norm a l ly be between 100% and 105% of the ship design M BL A greater LDBF or NSBF for a given diameter or LLD does not necessarily indicate a su perior prod uct For line designs of the same materia l and size, NSBF shou ld be compared using both LT and LDBF but need not be identical The force at which a line breaks in service may be lower than the NSBF, d ue to the influence of geometry ( D/d), tem peratu re, loading rates and a m plitudes, and line wea r over time A h igher LBLD results in reduced material stress for a fixed LDBF Linea r density includes the m ass of a ny coatings applied directly to the load bearing structure as well as the linear mass of the material itself LBLD is o n ly com parable when the load bearing m aterial is of the same type For jacketed li nes, LLD is greater tha n LBLD and includes m aterial mass of jackets which is non-load bea ri ng LT represents material stress at the LDBF For a given line size and material type, a line of lower LT offers increased resistance to the majority of fatigue and wea r modes LT of lines of different m aterials shou ld not be compared The maxi m u m tenacity is defined a s the tenacity o f the smallest size tested ABF i ndicates the instantaneous loss of break force caused by a line passing a round mooring hardware For comparative purposes, a standardised wrap a ngle of 180 degrees and D/d ratios of five and ten a re used However, a va riety of geometries are found on ships a n d where the D/d is lower, or wra p a ngle greater than that tested, the user should confirm the performance of the line with the m a n u factu rer The effect on line life of lines passing over mooring equ i p ment is not assessed by ABF lb/ft The linear m ass of the line ( LLD) or the load bea ring structure (LBLD) measured at reference tension t/kg/m Material stress at break kg/m lb/lb/ft Angled B reak Force 280 ABF % NSBF (average) The tensile force that can be sustained by a new line when bent around a pin and tested in laboratory conditions Appendix B: Guidelines for the purchasing and testing of mooring lines and tails Description Guidance to the Line Selector % NSBF (avera ge) A l i ne's resistance to a ngled tension-tension fatigue AE i nd icates the red u ction in NSBF after 17,000 tension cycles to the line WLL for a section of li ne passing a round eq u i pment of the stated D/d Fo r com pa rative pu rposes, a sta ndard ised wrap a n gle of 180 degrees a n d D/d ratios of five a n d ten a re used AE is releva nt to the points where moori ng lines contact moori ng equi pment A E resista nce is i nflu enced by line design, m aterial c hoice, coati ng choice, average load, load nge, load rate, a m bient tem peratu re, past exposu re to both tension-tension and AE degrad ation mod es a n d ship geometry The i nterpolation or extra polation of AE va lues to determ i n e a d isca rd point is not recommended % m ateri a l b reak force at ° 20 ( T h e ratio o f m ateri a l break force at a m bient d itions ° (20 C) to m ateria l b reak force at va ried tem peratu re T i n d icates the brea k force of the m aterial when tested at the stated tem pe rature % N SBF (average) Line structu re's resista nee to com p ression fatigue ACR represents the a b i lity of the l i n e to withsta nd com pressive forces generated by low mean load cyclic loa d i n g Jacketed li nes a re at h igher risk from the effects of this load respo nse, d u e to the restrictive n atu re of the j a cket a n d the d i fficu lty of in service i n spections Users of jacketed l i n es should verify the long-term i n fl u en ce of com pression fatigue through staged reti rement a n d in spection a n d testing of retired li nes The percentage elongation of the mooring line when exposed to a stated percentage of LDBF E longation is affected by materia l content, m aterial type and line structu re The elo ngation of the moori ng l i n e will act i n co mbi nation with the elongation of the moori n g ta i l to co ntrol peak and mean tensions i n the mooring system Users should ensure that the elongation of the mooring line m atch es the elongation properties used in any moori ng a n a lysis Name Indicator Unit of Measurement Angled E nd u n ce AE Tem peratu re T Axia l Compression Resista n ce ACR Average I m m ediate Stra i n e (I nspection report) % elongation at stated % of LDBF Both a li ne's i nsta nta n eous and long-term performa n ce may be affected by extreme temperatu res a nd the line tem peratu re may be higher or lowe r than a m bient tem peratu re d ue to cooling, heat tra nsfer a n d heat generation while worki ng Table B12: Guidance on performance indicator interpretation for mooring lines 281 Mooring Equipment Guidelines (MEG4) B12.6 Example mooring tail base design certificate Mooring tail base design certificate This form demonstrates that the product has been manufactured, tested and documented following the guidelines in appendix B of the Mooring Equipment Guidelines, Fourth Edition The base design performance indicators should be reviewed with reference to Guidance on performance indicator interpretation table below Certification does not indicate approval or certification by OCIMF General information Issue date: 16 J une 2015 Line manufacturer: ACME Lines Line design designation: Mega Line construction: 4x2 braided Design range: 50mm-100mm Expiry date: 15 J une 2020 Independent inspection agency: Class AZ Material type and grade: Polyester 1W36 Jacketed (V/N): Y Rotating (V/N) : N Base design performance indicators Measured: 51mm Design: 110mm Measured: 113mm 356t 3.4kg/m 3.32kg/m 107.3t/kg/m Tuck Diameter Tail Design Break Force (TDBF) Tail Linear Density (TLD) Load Bearing Linear Density ( LBLD) Tail Tenacity (TT) Splice type Design: 50mm 62t 46kg/m 0.5lkg/m 121.6t/kg/m Tuck Maximum Line Tenacity (MLT) 121.6t/kg/m Sheltered (Ksh): 4.7 x TDBF Exposed (Kex): 13 x TDBF CTF 50%: 11,057 cycles CTF 20%: 1,111,786 cycles Dynamic Stiffness (Ksh, Kex) Tension-tension endurance (CTF) Average Immediate Strain* (e) Largest Diameter Smallest Diameter Performance Indicators % TDBF: 10 % TDBF: 20 % TDBF: 30 % TDBF: 40 % TDBF: 50 2.1 3.2 4.1 4.9 5.2 *Performance indicators are tested on [50mm] mooring tail Name and address of manufacturing facility: ACME Lines, 27 Line St, London Independent inspector: J Macdonald Address of independent inspector: Class AZ house, Class St, London NW3 Completion date: 23/4/2016 Base design sample testing information Name and address of test facility: ACME Lines laboratory, 27 Line Boulevard, Paris, France Address of independent inspector: Class AZ House, Rue de Class, Paris Independent inspector: J Macdonald Completion date: 23/4/2016 282 Appendix B: Guidelines for the purchasing and testing of mooring lines and tails Base design sample and product documentation reviewed I ndependent inspector: J Murray Date of review: J u n e 2016 Prototype m a n ufactu ring re port: Y M a n ufactu rer's di sca rd a n d i nspecti on c riteria: Y Prototype ITP: Y Sp licing i nstructions: Y P rototype test report: Y Proced u res for testi n g and i nspection of retired moori ng tai ls: Y Design specification: Y Determ i n ation of performa nce ind icators: Y Equivalent documents from other type approval programmes (list) N/A STAMP OF IN DEPEN DENT INSPECTOR 283 Mooring Equ ipment Guidelines (MEG4) Name Indicator Unit of Measurement Description Guidance to the Line Selector Tail Design Brea k Force TDBF New Straight Break Force NSBF The tensile force that can be susta i n ed by a prod uct sa m ple without ru pture w h e n tested with term i n ations a n d i n laboratory cond itions TDBF is a rati ng assigned by the m a n ufactu rer, NSBF is the result of an i n d ivid u a l test Tested NSBF values are normally greater than the TDBF a n d the TDBF is normally between 125% and 130% of the s h i p d esign M B L A greater TDBF or NSBF for a given d i a meter o r LBLD does not necessarily ind icate a su perior p rod u ct Fo r tail designs of the same material and size, NSBF should be com p a red u s i n g both TT a n d T D B F b u t need n ot be identical The force at which a tail b rea ks in service may be lower than the TDBF, due to the i nfluence of geometry (D/d ) , tem peratu re, load i n g rates a n d a m plitudes an d i nternal a n d externa l wea r over time Tail Linear Density TLD Load Bea ring Linear Density LBLD The l i near m ass of the tail (TLD) or the load beari ng structu re (LBLD) measu red at referen ce tension A h igher LBLD results in red uced m aterial stress for a fixed TDBF Linear Density i nclu des the m ass of a n y coati ngs a p plied d i rectly to the load bea ri ng structure as well as the li near m ass of the material itself LBLD is o nly com p a ble when the load beari n g material is of the same type For jacketed li nes, TLD is greater than LBLD a n d i n cludes m ate rial mass of jackets which is n o n-load bea ring A h igher LBLD may a lso cause the tail to beco me stiffer Tail Ten acity TT Load bea ri n g m aterial stress at b rea k TT represents m aterial stress at the TDBF For a given line size and m aterial type, a l i n e of lower TT offers i ncreased resista nce to the majo rity of fatigue and wear m odes TT of l i nes of d ifferent m aterials should not be compared The maxi m u m tenacity is defi n ed as the ten acity of the sm allest size in the d esign nge t kN lb kg/m lb/ft t/kg/m l b/l b/ft 284 Appendix B: Guidelines for the purchasing and testing of mooring lines and tails Name Indicator Unit of Measurement Description Guidance to the Line Selector Sheltered Stiffness Ksh x T DBF Exposed Stiffness Kex The resista n ce of the ta il to elongation when cycled in the stated load n ges, a round the stated mean load and at the stated freq uency Ksh and Kex ind icate the effective stiffness of a tail in motion d riven enviro n ments The stated va l u es correspond to the tested mean loads and load nges only The effective stiffness of a tail is i n fluenced by mean load , load range and load rate as well as tail length, construction and fa brication G rom met tails h ave two ti mes the stiffness of a s i n gle leg tail of the same d i a m eter The effect of red u ced stiffness is to decrease pea k loads i n d u ced by motion d riven envi ron ments However, reduced stiffness may also cause greater s h i p offsets for force based environ men tal loads (e.g wi nd/cu rrent loads) It is reco m m ended that values of tail stiffness a re used in moori ng a n alysis which correspond with known envi ro n mental conditions Both Ksh/Kex and i m med iate stra i n (e) val ues should be closely m atched when ta ils a re replaced Tension-tension CTF E n d u n ce Cycles to Failure Cycles to fa ilure The n u m ber of cycles that would cause a tail to fa il when cycled continuously between refe rence tension and the stated loads (%TDBF) i n new (eye and eye) confi gu ration a n d when tested in l a boratory conditions A higher CTF ind icates a higher resista n ce to tensio n-tension fatigue The CTF valu es should be u sed for com parative and selection pu rposes Laboratory tests not fully reflect the co m pound n atu re of tension-tension fatigue, or t h e risks t o rel iability posed b y other h aza rds (e.g mec h a n i cal dam age) The i nterpol ation or extra pol ation of tail CTF valu es to determine a discard point is not recom mended Average Im med iate Stra i n % elongation at stated % of TDBF The percentage elongation of the moori ng line when exposed to a stated percentage of TDBF Elongation is affected by material content, material type, tail structu re and fa b rication Grom met tails will elongate a p p roxim ately 50% less than a n eye and eye tail of the same size when exposed to the same load Both i m med i ate stra i n a n d static/dyna m ic stiffness should b e i ncorporated i nto mooring a n alysis and closely m atched when tails are replaced e Table 813: Guidance an performance indicator interpretation for mooring tails 285 Mooring Equipment Guidelines (M EG4) B12 Example mooring line certificate Mooring line certificate Completed by the manufacturer for each line supplied and verified by an independent inspector where required by the user Summarises the performance and design of the actual line supplied as well as performance indicators and other supporting documentation and information for the design range Demonstrates that the product has been manufactured, tested and documented following the guidelines in appendix B of the Mooring Equipment Guidelines, Fourth Edition Certification does not indicate approval or certification by OCIMF Line supply information 137t 142 44mm 275m Yes Tucked (6-3-3) HMP E Kl29 ABC123 Ml87654488722 Mega 4x2 braided Y/N Ship design MBL NSBF (if tested) Diameter Length Jacketed Splice type and design Material type and grade Manufacturer's part code and unique line identifier Line design designation (product name) Line construction Rotating Performance indicators Line Design Break Force (LDBF) Line Linear Density (LLD) Load Bearing Linear Density (LBLD) 143t lkg/m 1.29kg/m Measured Maximum ll0t/kg/m 121.6t/kg/m D/d Ratio: D/d Ratio: 10 70 75 99 85 Line Tenacity (LT) Angled Break Force* (ABF) % Avg NSBF Angled Endurance* (AE) % Avg NSBF Temperature (T) % BF at 20° c Axial Compression Resistance* (ACR) Average Immediate Strain* (e) -20° c °C 20° c 40 °c 60° C 80°C 107 102 100 97 92 87 90 % Avg NSBF % LDBF: 10 % LDBF: 20 % LDBF: 30 % LDBF: 40 % LDBF: 50 0.5 0.7 1.2 1.3 *Performance indicators are tested on [28mm) mooring line Line description: Include details of eye sizes/termination and chafe protection, etc Free text 286 Appendix B: Guidelines for the purchasing and testing of mooring lines and tails Documents provided with this line Base design certificate: Y Prod uct su pp ly test report: Y M a n ufacturing reports: Y Operation and m a intena n ce gu idelines: Y User a greed deviations: Y M a n ufactu rers d isca rd criteria: Y Proced u res for testing and i nspection of retired mooring tai ls: Y STAMP OF IN D EPEN DENT INSPECTOR 287 Mooring Equipment Guidelines (M EG4) B12.8 Example mooring tail certificate Mooring tail certificate Com pleted by the manufacturer for each tail supplied and verified by an independent inspector where req uired by the user Summarises the performance and design of the actual tai l supplied as well as performance indicators and other supporting documentation and information for the design range Demonstrates that the product has been manufactured, tested and documented following the guidelines i n append ix B of the Mooring Equipment Guidelines, Fourth Edition Certification does not indicate approva l or certification by OCIMF Tail supply information 137t Ship design MBL NSBF (if tested) Diameter Length Jacketed Splice type and design Material type and grade Manufacturer's part code and unique line identifier Line design designation (product name) Line construction Rotating 56mm 275m Yes Tucked (6-3-3) H M PE Kl29 ABC123 M l87654488722 Mega 4x2 braided Y/N Performance indicators Tail Design Break Force (TDBF) Tail Linear Density (LLD) Load Bearing Linear Density (LBLD) Tail Tenacity (TT) Maximum Line Tenacity ( M LT) Dynamic stiffness (Ksh, Kex) Tension-tension endu rance (CTF) Immediate strain 177t lkg/m 0.9kg/m ll0t/kg/m - Measured 121.6t/kg/m Sheltered (Ksh): 4.7 x TDBF Exposed (Kex): 13 x TDBF CTF 50%: 11,057 cycles CTF 20%: 1,111,786 cycles % LDBF: 10 % LDBF: 20 % LDBF: 30 % LDBF: 40 % LDBF: 50 2.1 3.2 4.1 4.9 5.2 *Performance indicators are tested on [50m m) mooring line Line description: Include details of eye sizes/termination and chafe protection, etc Free text 288 Appendix B: Guidelines for the purchasing and testing of mooring lines and tails Documents provided with this line Base design certificate: Y Prod uct s u p ply test report: Y M a n u factu ring repo rts: Y Operation and m a i nten a n ce gu idelines: Y User agreed deviations: N/A M a n ufact urers d isca rd criteri a : Y Procedu res for testing and i nspection of retired moori n g ta ils: Y STAMP OF INDEPENDENT INSPECTOR 289 ... xix Mooring Equipment Guidelines (MEG4) Introduction to the Mooring System Management Plan and the Line Management Plan What is the Mooring System Management Plan? While updating the Mooring Equipment. .. Joining Shackle Single Hook/ Bollard Hook Mooring Point Hook Mooring Point Hook Mooring Point Shore Mooring Point Type Mooring Equipment Guidelines (MEG4) % sh i p design M B L 105 ··················································... Accident Investigation Branch iii Mooring Equipment Guidelines (MEG4) Introduction The Oil Companies International Marine Forum (OCIMF) first published Mooring Equipment Guidelines in 1992, with revised