CÁC THÌ TRONG TIẾNG ANH (1)

CÁC THÌ TRONG TIẾNG ANH 1, Thì đơn- simple present tense *Công thức: - Với động từ thường + (khẳng định): S + V(s/es) + O + (phủ định): S+ do/does + not + V+O + (nghi vấn): Do/does + S + V+ O ? - Với động từ tobe + (khẳng định): S+ am/is/ are + O + (phủ định): S + am/is/ are + not + O + (nghi vấn): Am/is/ are + S + O * Lưu ý : ● I , THEY , WE , YOU + V (INF) ● SHE , HE , IT + V(S,ES) ● I , THEY , WE , YOU mượn trợ động từ DO ● SHE , HE , IT mượn trợ động từ DOES → Ta thêm “es” sau động từ tận : O, S, X, CH, SH, Y (Trước Y phải phụ âm đổi Y thành I + ES) ● Chủ ngữ số nhiều + are Chủ ngữ số + is (he, she,it, tên riêng + is) I + am (tức am với I, dùng I am I is hay I are) Luôn dùng Số nhiều Số it Chủ ngữ(S) I Tobe Ví dụ Câu FĐ Câu hỏi am I am boy I am not boy Am I boy? We are students We are not Are we (aren’t)students students? He is a He is not a We, are they,you, S(số nhiều) He, she,it, is Is he a S(số ít) student student student? *Cách dùng: +) Thì đơn diễn tả chân lý , thật hiển nhiên Ex: The sun ries in the East Tom comes from England +) Thì đơn diễn tả thói quen , hành động xảy thường xuyên Ex: Mary often goes to school by bicycle I get up early every morning +) Thì đơn diễn tả lực người : Ex : He plays badminton very well +) Thì đơn cịn diễn tả kế hoạch xếp trước tương lai thời khoá biểu , đặc biệt dùng với động từ di chuyển *Từ nhận biết: : Always (luôn luôn), usually (thông thường), often (thường xuyên), sometimes (đôi khi) , generally (nói chung là), seldom(hiếm khi),… (a fact, habit, or repeated action), every time, as a rule, every day (every other day), once (a month), once in a while *HTĐ kết hợp với TLĐ mệnh đề trạng ngữ thời gian S+will When TLĐ + as soon as + S+V(s/es) Mệnh lệnh thức Before Verb until, till 2, Thì tiếp diễn- present progressive *Cơng thức: Khẳng định: S + BE (AM/ IS/ ARE) + V_ing + O Nghi vấn: BE (AM/ IS/ ARE) + S + V_ing + O? Phủ định: S + BE (AM/ IS/ ARE) + NOT + V_ing + O *Lưu ý: V-ing (Doing): Động từ +ING: visiting going, ending, walking, … Khi thêm -ing sau động từ, có trường hợp đặc biệt sau: • a/ Nếu đơng từ tận chữ E: bỏ chữ E thêm -ing ex: Ride – Riding (lái – lái) • b/ Nếu động từ tận có chữ EE, ta thêm -ing bình thường, khơng bỏ E ex: See – Seeing (nhìn – nhìn) • c/ Nếu động từ tận IE, đổi IE thành Y thêm -ing ex: Die – Dying (chết – đang… ) • Nếu động từ âm tiết cuối có phụ âm, trước phụ âm mà có nguyên âm U-E-O-A-I (UỂ OẢI),, ta phải gấp đôi phụ âm thêm ING: cut- cutting run – running ex: Stop – ta có O nguyên âm, đứng trước phụ âm P tận câu, gấp đơi phụ âm P lên Sau thêm -ing Stop – Stopp – Stopping Các trường hợp khác ta thêm -ing sau động từ bình thường *Cách dùng: Diễn tả hành động xảy thời điểm nói ex: I am reading ( Tôi đọc) Một hành động xảy có tính chất tạm thời ex: She is working (cô làm việc) Một hành động lúc xảy liên tục (thường có thêm usually, always… câu) ex: I am usually thinking of you (tôi thường nghĩ bạn) a Chỉ việc xảy lúc nói chuyện/hiện hành Ví dụ: I am reading an English book now b Chỉ việc xảy tương lai (khi có trạng từ tương lai) Ví dụ: I am going to call on Mr John Tom / I am meeting her at the cinema tonight Những ĐTừ Ko chia HTTD – know – understand – keep – be – see – hear – hope – wish – smell – seem – need – consider – expect – sound – agree – notice – look – start – begin – finish – stop – taste – enjoy – love/ like- want – prefer – fall wonder – have to – feel … *Từ nhận biết: Right now , at the moment , at present , now , shhh! , listen! , look! , this semester At the time = at this time = at present (hiện nay)– at the present – you hear? – keep silent ! = Be quiet! – pay attention to ! – don’t make noise: – today – hurry up! – still – don’t talk in class ……… 3, Thì hồn thành - present perfect *Công thức: + Khẳng định: S + have/ has + past participle (v3) + O + Phủ định: S + have/ has + not+ past participle + O + Nghi vấn: Have/ has +S+ past participle + O * Lưu ý : ● I, THEY ,WE, YOU + HAVE +V3 ● SHE, HE, IT + HAS + V3 * Cách dùng – hồn thành diễn tả hành động xảy chưa xảy thời gian không xác định khứ – Thì hồn thành dùng với since for – Since + thời gian bắt đầu (1995, I was young, this morning etc.) Khi người nói dùng since, người nghe phải tính thời gian – For + khoảng thời gian (từ lúc đầu tới bây giờ) Khi người nói dùng for, người nói phải tính thời gian – Diễn tả hđ xảy khứ, kéo dài đến (có thể đến tương lai) – Diễn tả hđ xảy khứ không đề cập đến thời gian cụ thể – Diễn tả hđ xảy lặp lặp lại nhiều lần QK không đề cập đến thời gian – diễn tả hđ xảy khứ hậu *Từ nhận biết: Never, ever, in the last fifty years, this semester (summer,year…) , since, for, so far, up to now, up until , just, now, up to the present, yet, recently, lately, in recent years, many times, once, twice, and in his/her whole life , Already, the first time, the second times, the third times… Chú ý: S + have/ has +has never/ever/ alreadyalready/just… /just… + v3 + V3 S+ have/ + never/ever/ HTHT kết hợp với so sánh nhất: This is the first + second + time+ HTHT It is the third 4, Thì khứ đơn- past simple *Công thức: Khẳng định: S + V2 / V-ed …… Phủ định : S + didn’t + V1 … Nghi vấn: Did + S + V1 … ? *Cách dùng: • Diễn tả hành động xảy chấm dứt thời điểm khoảng thời gian xác định khứ * Dấu hiệu nhận biết: – Yesterday, ago, last (night, week, month, year ), from… to – In + năm khứ (vd: in 1995, 1999), in the old days * Hiện hoàn thành kết hợp với khứ hoàn thành 1, S+have/has+never/not+done (p.p)+before => It’s + the first time + S + have/has+done This is 2, S+started/began+V-ing +khoảng thời gian+ago To when+Ved In + mốc thời gian At + nơi chốn => S+have/has+done+(smb)+ for + khoảng thời gian Since+Ved Since+ Mốc thời gian Since+ nơi chốn 3, S+haven’t/hasn’t+done+ for + khoảng thời gian since+Ved since+ Mốc thời gian since+ nơi chốn => The last time+S+Ved+(smb)+was+ khoảng thời gian+ago When+ Ved In+ Mốc thời gian At+ nơi chốn => S+last+Ved+(smt)+ khoảng thời gian+ago when+Ved In + mốc thời gian At + nơi chốn khoảng thời gian Ages + since+S+last+Ved+(smt) A long time =>It’s + 5.Thì q khứ tiếp diễn-past progressive *Cơng thức: • Khẳng định: S + were / was + V-ing …… • Phủ định: S + were / was + not + V-ing …… • Nghi vấn: Were / Was + S + V-ing ……? *Lưu ý: I, THEY, WE , YOU + WERE + V-ing SHE, HE, IT + WAS + V-ing *Cách dùng: • Diễn tả hành động xảy thời điểm xác định khứ Ex: What were you doing at 8.00 last night ? I was watching television • Diễn tả hành động diễn bị hành động khác xen vào khứ Ex: While I was having a bath, the phone rang • Diễn tả hai hành động xảy lúc Ex: I was learning my lesson while my parents were watching TV at 8.30 last night Cách nhận biết: At that moment ( vào lúc đó) At that time ( vào lúc đó) At this time yesterday ( vào lúc hôm qua) At this time last night ( vào lúc tối hôm qua) At (5, …) o’clock yesterday (vào lúc (5, 6…) hôm qua.) All day yesterday ( suốt ngày hôm qua) All last week = during last week (trong suốt tuần) + thời gian khứ The whole of….(toàn bộ) + thời gian khứ Thì q khứ hồn thành (Past perfect) *Cơng thức: • Khẳng định : S + had + V3 / V-ed … • Phủ định : S + had + not + V3 / V-ed … • Nghi vấn : Had + S + V3 / V-ed … ? *Cách dùng: • Diễn tả hành động xảy trước hành động khác thời điểm khác khứ *Cách nhận biết: Ex: My parents had already eaten by the time I got home Until yesterday, I had never heard about it 7 Tương lai đơn : *Công thức: Khẳng định: S + will + V1 + O Phủ định: S + will + NOT + V1 Nghi vấn: Will + S + V1 + O? *Cách dùng: – diễn tả hđ xảy tương lai – diễn tả hđ định lúc nói * Lưu ý: ●Không sử dụng Will, Shall sau before, after, when, while, as soon as, until, if ●TLĐ kết hợp với HTĐ HTHT Thì TLĐ When Mệnh lệnh thức + (Verb) As, As soon as + HTĐ(HTHT) Before Until, till Promise S + Hope + S+ Will+ V(inf) Think Believe * Dấu hiệu nhận biết • Tomorrow (ngày mai), next (week, month, year ), someday (một ngày đó) • In the future, soon (chẳng nữa), tonight, in a few day’s time • In a week, in a minute, in + năm chưa tới • Befor,after,by the time, As soon as, until • S+ will+V(inf)+when+S+V(s/es) Thì Hiện Tại Hồn Thành Tiếp Diễn (Present Perfect Continuous): *Công thức: S + have/ has + been + V_ing + O have/ has + S + been + V_ing + O? S + have/ has + not + been + V_ing + O *Từ nhận biết: all day, all week, since, for, for a long time, almost every day this week, recently, lately, in the past week, in recent years, up until now, and so far *Cách dùng: Thì hoàn thành tiếp diễn nhấn mạnh khoảng thời gian hành động xảy khứ tiếp tục tới (có thể tới tương lai) FUTURE PERFECT TENSE: ( tương lai hoàn thành) *Form (Công thức): S will have V3/ED *Dấu hiệu nhận biết • Before, after, by the time, by + điểm thời gian tương lai) 10 TƯƠNG LAI TIẾP DIỄN: (FUTURE CONTINUOUS TENSE) *Form (Công thức): S will be Ving *Dấu hiệu nhận biết • While, tomorrow, next (week, month, year ), someday (một ngày đó) • In the future, soon (chẳng nữa), tonight, in a few day’s time • In a week, in a minute, in + năm chưa tới BÀI TẬP THỰC HÀNH HTĐ Bài 1: Điền trợ động từ dạng phủ định I ……… like tea He ……… play football in the afternoon You ……… go to bed at midnight They……….do the homework on weekends The bus ……….arrive at 8.30 a.m My brother ……….finish work at p.m Our friends ……… live in a big house The cat ……… like me Bài 2: Chọn dạng từ Police catch/ catches robbers My dad is a driver He always wear/ wears a white coat They never drink/ drinks beer Lucy go/ goes window-shopping seven times a month She have/ has a pen Mary and Marcus eat out/ eats out everyday 10 Mark usually watch/ watches TV before going to bed Maria is a teacher She teach/ teaches students Bài 3: Điền dạng từ ngoặc She (not study) ……… on Saturday He (have) ……… a new haircut today I usually (have) ……….breakfast at 6.30 Peter (not/ study)……….very hard He never gets high scores My mother often (teach)……….me English on Saturday evenings I like Math and she (like)……….Literature My sister (wash)……….the dishes every day They (not/ have)……….breakfast every morning Bài 4: Viết lại câu, điền dạng từ ngoặc My brothers (sleep) on the floor (often) => He (stay) up late? (sometimes) => I (do) the housework with my brother (always) => Peter and Mary (come) to class on time (never) => Why Johnson (get) good marks? (always) => You (go) shopping? (usually) => She (cry) (seldom) => My father (have) popcorn (never) => Bài 5: Hoàn thành đoạn hội thoại sau cách điền dạng từ 11 My cousin, Peter, (have)……… a dog It (be)……… an intelligent pet with a short tail and big black eyes Its name (be)……… Kiki and it (like)……… eating pork However, it (never/ bite) ……… anyone; sometimes it (bark) ……… when strange guests visit To be honest, it (be)…… very friendly It (not/ like)……… eating fruits, but it (often/ play)……… with them When the weather (become)……… bad, it (just/ sleep)……… in his cage all day Peter (play)……… with Kiki every day after school There (be)……… many people on the road, so Peter (not/ let)……… the dog run into the road He (often/ take) ……… Kiki to a large field to enjoy the peace there Kiki (sometimes/ be) ……… naughty, but Peter loves it very much Bài 6: Viết lại thành câu hoàn chỉnh Eg: They/ wear suits to work? => Do they wear suits to work? she/ not/ sleep late on weekends => we/ not/ believe/ ghost=> you/ understand the question? => they/ not/ work late on Fridays => David/ want some coffee? => she/ have three daughters => when/ she/ go to her Chinese class? => why/ I/ have to clean up? => QKĐ Bài 1: Hồn thành câu sau dạng khứ đơn: It/ be/ cloudy/ yesterday ………………………………………………………………………………… In 1990/ we/ move/ to another city 12 ………………………………………………………………………………… When/ you/ get/ the first gift? ……………………………………………………………………………… She/ not/ go/ to the church/ five days ago ………………………………………………………………………………… How/ be/ he/ yesterday? ………………………………………………………………………………… and Mrs James/ come back home/ and/ have/ lunch/ late/ last night? ………………………………………………………………………………… They/ happy/ last holiday? ……………………………………………………………………………… How/ you/ get there? ……………………………………………………………………………… I/ play/ football/ last/ Sunday ……………………………………………………………………………… 10 My/ mother/ make/ two/ cake/ four/ day/ ago ……………………………………………………………………………… 11 Tyler/ visit/ his/ grandmother/ last/ month ……………………………………………………………………………… 12 Joni/ go/ zoo/ five/ day/ ago ……………………………………………………………………………… 13 13 We/ have/ fun/ yesterday ……………………………………………………………………………… 14 My/ father/ not/ at the office/ the day/ before yesterday ………………………………………………………………………………… Bài 2: Chuyển động từ bất quy tắc sau sang dạng khứ: Be Become Begin Break Bring Build Buy Choose Come 10 Cost 11 Cut 12 Do 13 Dream 14 Drink 15 Eat 16 Feel 17 Find 18 Forget 19 Get Let Make Mean Meet Pay Put Read Rise Run 10 Say 11 See 12 Send 13 Set 14 Shake 15 Shut 16 Sing 17 Sit 18 Sleep 19 Stand 20 Swim 21 Take 14 20 Give 22 Teach 21 Go 23 Tell 22 Have 24 Think 23 Hear 25 Wear 24 Hold 26 win 25 Keep 27 write 26 Know 27 Learn Bài 3: Chia động từ ngoặc dạng khứ đơn: Snow White was the daughter of a beautiful queen, who died when the girl (be) (1) ……… young Her father (get married) (2) ………….again, but the girl’s stepmother was very jealous of her because she was so beautiful The evil queen (order) (3)………….a hunter to kill Snow White but he couldn’t it because she was so lovely He (chase) (4) ………….her away instead, and she (take) (5) ………….refuge with seven dwarfs in their house in the forest She (live) (6) ………….with the dwarfs and took care of them and they (love) (7) ………….her dearly Then, one day the talking mirror (tell) (8) ………….the evil queen that Snow White was still alive She (change) (9) ………….herself into a witch and (make) (10) ………….a poisoned apple She (go) (11) ………….to the dwarfs’ house disguised as an old woman and tempted Snow White to eat the poisoned apple, which (put) (12)………….her into an everlasting sleep Finally, a prince (find) (13) ………….her in the glass coffin where the dwarfs had put her and woke her up with a kiss Snow White and the prince (be) (14) ………….married and lived happily ever after Bài tập tiếp diễn - Viết câu HTTD My/ dad/ water/ some plants/ the/ garden 15 My/ mom/ clean/ floor/ Mary/ have/ lunch/ her/ friends/ a/ restaurant They/ ask/ a/ man/ about/ the/ way/ the/ railway/ station My/ student/ draw/ a/ beautiful/ picture Bài tập hồn thành - Chia động từ ngoặc They a new lamp (buy) We our holiday yet (not/ plan) He just out for hours (go) I my plan (not/finish) you this lesson yet? ( learn) Use the correct form of verbs in brackets In all the world, there (be) only 14 mountains that (reach) above 8,000 meters He sometimes (come) to see his parents When I (come) , she (leave) for Dalat ten minutes ago My grandfather never (fly) in an airplane, and he has no intention of ever doing so We just (decide) that we (undertake) the job He told me that he (take) a trip to California the following week 16 I knew that this road (be) too narrow Right now I (attend) class Yesterday at this time I (attend) class Tomorrow I'm going to leave for home When I (arrive) at the airport, Mary (wait) for me 10 Margaret was born in 1950 By last year, she (live) on this earth for 55 years 11 The traffic was very heavy By the time I (get) to Mary's party, everyone already (arrive) 12 I will graduate in June I (see) you in July By the time I (see) you , I (graduate) 13 I (visit) my uncle's home regularly when I (be) a child 14 That book (be) on the table for weeks You (not read) it yet ? 15 David (wash) his hands He just (repair) the TV set 16 You (be) here before? Yes, I (spend) my holidays here last year 17 We never (meet) him We don't know what he (look) like 18 The car (be) ready for him by the time he (come) tomorrow 19 On arriving at home I (find) that she just (leave) a few minutes before 20 When we (arrive) in London tonight, it probably (rain) 21 It (rain) hard We can't anything until it (stop) 17 22 Last night we (watch) TV when the power (fail) 23 That evening we (stay) up to talk about the town where he (live) for some years 24 I (sit) down for a rest while the shoes (repair) 25 Half way to the office Paul (turn) round and (go) back home because he (forget) to turn the gas off 26 London (change) a lot since we first (come) to live here 27 While we (talk) on the phone fighting and (break) a window the children (start) 28 He used to talk to us for hours about all the interesting things he (do) in his life 29 You know she (stand) looking at that picture for the last twenty minutes 30 I (spend) a lot of time travelling since I (get) this new job 31 When we (be) at school we all (study) Latin 32 When I (meet) him , he (work) as a waiter for a year 33 After he (finish) breakfast he (sit) down to write some letters 34 She (have) a hard life, but she's always smiling 35 I think Jim (be) out of town Choose the best answer among A, B, C, or D When I last saw him, he _ in London A has lived 18 C was living B is living D has been living We _ Dorothy since last Saturday A don’t see C didn’t see B haven’t seen D hadn’t seen The train half an hour ago A has been leaving C has left B left D had left Jack the door A has just painted D painting B paint C will have paing My sister for you since yesterday A is looking C has been looking B was looking D looked I Texas State University now A am attending C was attending B attend D attended He has been selling motorbikes A ten years ago C for ten years ago B since ten years D for ten years Christopher Columbus _ American more than 500 years ago 19 A discovered C had discovered B has discovered D had been discovering He fell down when he towards the church A run C was running B runs D had run 10 We _ there when our father died A still lived C was still lived B lived still D was still living 11 They table tennis when their father comes back home A will play C play B will be playing D would play 12 By Christmas, I _ for Mr Smith for six years A will have been working C have been working B will work D will be working 13 I _ in the room right now A am being C have been being B was being D am 14 I to New York three times this year A have been C were B was D had been 15 I’ll come and see you before I _ for the States 20 A leave C have left B will leave D shall leave 16 The little girl asked what _ to her friend A has happened C had happened B happened D would have been happened 17 John a book when I saw him A is reading C was reading B read D reading 18 He said he _ return later A will C can B would D would be 19 Jack the door A has just opened C have opened B open D opening 20 I have been waiting for you A since early morning C for two hours B since a.m D All are correct 21 Almost everyone _ for home by the time we arrived A leave C leaves B left D had left 22 By the age of 25, he two famous novels 21 A wrote C has written B writes D had written 23 When her husband was in the army, Mary to him twice a week A was reading C was written B wrote D had written 24 I couldn’t cut the grass because the lawn mower a few days previously A broke down C had broken down B has been broken D breaks down 25 I have never played badminton before This is the first time I _ to play A try C have tried B tried D am trying 26 Since _, I have heard nothing from him A he had left C he has left B he left D he was left 27 After I _ lunch, I looked for my bag A had C have has B had had D have had 28 By the end of next year, George _ English for two years A will have learned C has learned B will learn D would learn 29 The man got out of the car, round to the back and opened the book 22 A walking C walks B walked D walk 30 Henry _ into the restaurant when the writer was having dinner A was going C has gone B went D did go 31 He will take the dog out for a walk as soon as he dinner A finish C will finish B finishes D finishing 32 I will be glad if he _ with us A had gone C went B did go D goes 33 Ask her to come and see me when she _ her work A finish C finished B has finished D finishing 34 Turn off the gas Don’t you see that the kettle ? A boil C is boiling B boils D boiled 35 Tom and Mary for Vietnam tomorrow A leave C leaving B are leaving D are left 36 He always for a walk in the evening 23 A go C goes B is going D going 37 Her brother in Canada at present A working C is working B works D work 38 I to the same barber since last year A am going C go B have been going D had gone 39 Her father when she was a small girl A dies C has died B died D had died 40 Last week, my professor promised that he today A would come C comes B will come D coming Bài tập viết lại câu hồn thành q khứ đơn The last time I went swimming was when we were in Spain -> I haven’t 2.You haven't tidied this room for weeks -> It’s weeks _ We started looking for a flat months ago and we are still looking -> We have This is the first time I've been to a night club -> I haven’t 24 They have never heard such a thing before -> This is the first time Noone has challenged his authority before -> This is the first time -> It is _ My mother was the most warm-hearted person I've ever known -> I have _ I haven't been able to see them for over a year -> It is _ 10 It stared to rain at o'clock -> It has 25 ...S(số ít) student student student? *Cách dùng: +) Thì đơn diễn tả chân lý , thật hiển nhiên Ex: The sun ries in the East Tom comes from England +) Thì đơn diễn tả thói quen , hành động xảy... often goes to school by bicycle I get up early every morning +) Thì đơn diễn tả lực người : Ex : He plays badminton very well +) Thì đơn cịn diễn tả kế hoạch xếp trước tương lai thời khoá biểu... tận câu, gấp đơi phụ âm P lên Sau thêm -ing Stop – Stopp – Stopping Các trường hợp khác ta thêm -ing sau động từ bình thường *Cách dùng: Diễn tả hành động xảy thời điểm nói ex: I am reading ( Tơi