Mỗi năm trôi qua, tôi vẫn tiếp tục ngạc nhiên về việc chúng tôi đã tiến xa như thế nào và chúng tôi tiếp tục tiến bộ như thế nào trong quy trình nâng và ghép xoang chuyên môn cao. Chỉ cách đây vài thập kỷ, việc nâng xoang chỉ được thực hiện tại một phòng khám nha khoa tổng quát ở Opelika, Alabama; nó hiện là một sự hợp tác quốc tế đa chuyên khoa. Khi các kỹ thuật đã phát triển, cuốn sách này cũng vậy. Ấn bản thứ ba của The Sinus Bone Graft cập nhật cơ sở lý luận khoa học hiện tại và thực hành lâm sàng cho những gì tiếp tục là một quy trình cần thiết để tái tạo răng sau cấy ghép răng hàm trên. Trong tập này, sự chú ý được dành cho sự ghi nhận lịch sử của những người tiên phong trong lĩnh vực này, bao gồm Hilt Tatum, Philip Boyne và Carl Misch. Nhưng có vô số những người đóng góp vào việc nâng cao xoang, từ các thành viên của Hội nghị Đồng thuận về Xoang năm 1996 do Học viện Osseointegration tài trợ đến các tác giả của hơn 2.000 ấn phẩm hiện nay liên quan đến các sửa đổi liên quan đến điều trị sàn xoang. Vào năm 1986, tôi đã thực hiện chuyến hành hương do nhiều bác sĩ nha khoa tổng quát thực hiện trước khi tôi đến thăm văn phòng của bác sĩ Hilt Tatum và trực tiếp học hỏi từ bác sĩ lâm sàng bậc thầy. Sau khi quan sát anh ta trong vài ngày, tôi nhớ mình đã ra đi trong một cảm giác bàng hoàng tự hỏi liệu thuốc nâng xoang, như anh ta gọi, có thể là thật hay không. Mãi đến 10 năm sau, một nhóm 38 bác sĩ lâm sàng đã gặp nhau ở Boston để trình bày kết quả nâng xoang sớm của họ. Sau khi mọi người đã trình bày dữ liệu của họ, bao gồm các phương pháp khác nhau và các sửa đổi đối với quy trình ban đầu, chúng tôi đã hiểu một cách khá rõ ràng rằng tất cả chúng tôi đều đã thành công Chúng tôi ngạc nhiên, gần như im lặng, rằng công việc của Tiến sĩ Tatum đã được nhân rộng một cách nhanh chóng. Từ thời điểm đó trở đi, thế giới nha khoa cấy ghép đã thay đổi khi nâng xoang tự tin được khuyến nghị cho bệnh nhân. Một vài năm sau, sau khi cộng tác ở Thụy Điển, tôi đã có một cuộc thảo luận với PI Brånemark và Ulf Lekholm, những người vẫn xem thủ thuật xoang với sự hoài nghi. Vào thời điểm đó, bác sĩ Brånemark đang ấp ủ ý tưởng cấy ghép zygomatic và nói với tôi rằng việc ghép xoang có thể không cần thiết. Lúc đó tôi không hiểu ý của anh ấy, nhưng bây giờ thì tôi hiểu. Ngoài cái nhìn tổng quan về các loại vật liệu và kỹ thuật ghép, cuốn sách này còn có đầy đủ các lựa chọn thay thế cho ghép xoang. Trong số đó có việc sử dụng phương pháp cấy ghép zygomatic và ý tưởng rằng màng xoang nên được phản chiếu nhưng không nhất thiết phải được ghép, như Stefan Lundgren đã chỉ ra. Vào năm 2011, tôi đã gặp riêng Tatum và Boyne, hai nhà sáng tạo vĩ đại của phương pháp ghép xương sàn xoang, và đã ghi lại tận mắt quá trình suy nghĩ sáng tạo độc lập của họ. Điều thú vị là cả hai đều mô tả cảm hứng được kích hoạt bởi vấn đề thiếu không gian não bộ. Mặc dù là bác sĩ phẫu thuật, họ đang suy nghĩ như một nha sĩ phục hình, đang vật lộn với việc làm thế nào để có được chỗ cho mão răng hoặc phục hình, khi ý nghĩ đột ngột xuất hiện về việc phát triển xương “ở phía bên kia” (tức là ở sàn xoang). Việc ghép xương chưa bao giờ giải quyết được vấn đề theo cách này trước đây. Tương tự như vậy, nhiều nhà đổi mới trong cuốn sách này — những người giỏi nhất và những bộ óc sáng suốt nhất trên khắp thế giới — tiếp tục giải một phần của câu đố là y học tái tạo một cách sáng tạo. Bộ sưu tập những tiến bộ trước đây trong công nghệ ghép xoang rõ ràng sẽ không thể thực hiện được nếu không có những nhà khoa học và cải tiến này, các bác sĩ y khoa và nha khoa. Tuy nhiên, chúng ta cũng phải công nhận tất cả những người tham gia vào nghệ thuật chữa bệnh cho một con người: trợ lý phẫu thuật và nghiên cứu, nhân viên phụ trợ, gia đình hỗ trợ, và tất nhiên là bản thân bệnh nhân. Cảm ơn bạn đã cống hiến cho sự nghiệp xứng đáng này.
www.pdflobby.com The Sinus Bone Graft, Third Edition www.pdflobby.com Jensen_FM.indd 11/9/18 11:34 AM Dedication For my loving family: my wife, Marty, and my three children, Sverre, Trygve, and Autumn Acknowledgments I wish to acknowledge my surgical assistants, Cindy Formanek and Jennifer Chatting, and my auxiliary staff including Monique Stozek, Jenny Featheringill, Kathy Stenson, and Janet Zacharias — Ole T Jensen Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Names: Jensen, Ole T., editor Title: The sinus bone graft / [edited by] Ole T Jensen Description: Third edition | Batavia, IL : Quintessence Publishing Co Inc, [2018] | Includes bibliographical references and index Identifiers: LCCN 2018033872 | ISBN 9780867157918 (hardcover) Subjects: | MESH: Maxillary Sinus surgery | Bone Transplantation methods | Dental Implantation methods | Reconstructive Surgical Procedures methods Classification: LCC RF421 | NLM WV 345 | DDC 617.5/2 dc23 LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2018033872 © 2019 Quintessence Publishing Co, Inc Quintessence Publishing Co Inc 411 N Raddant Rd Batavia, IL 60510 www.quintpub.com All rights reserved This book or any part thereof may not be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, or otherwise, without prior written permission of the publisher Editor: Marieke Zaffron Design: Sue Zubek Production: Sue Robinson Printed in China www.pdflobby.com Jensen_FM.indd 11/9/18 11:34 AM THE SINUS BONE GRAFT THIRD EDITION Edited by Ole T Jensen, dds, ms Adjunct Professor Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery School of Dentistry University of Utah Salt Lake City, Utah Berlin, Barcelona, Chicago, Istanbul, London, Milan, Moscow, New Delhi, Paris, Prague, São Paulo, Seoul, Singapore, Tokyo, Warsaw www.pdflobby.com Jensen_FM.indd 11/9/18 11:34 AM CONTENTS Foreword by Tomas Albrektsson vi Preface vii In Memoriam: Carl Erwin Misch viii Contributors ix Introduction by Hilt Tatum Jr xiii Section I: Surgical Options for Bone Grafting Bone Grafting Strategies for the Sinus Floor 1 Craig M Misch Diagnosis and Treatment of Sinus Infections 15 Ashish A Patel | Eric J Dierks Osteoperiosteal Flaps for Sinus Grafting 23 Ole T Jensen The Alveolar Split Approach for Sinus Floor Intrusion 32 Len Tolstunov | Daniel R Cullum | Ole T Jensen Complex Techniques for Posterior Maxillary Reconstruction 42 Nardy Casap | Heli Rushinek Section II: Lateral and Transcrestal Sinus Elevation Lateral Window Surgical Techniques for Sinus Elevation 48 Tiziano Testori | Riccardo Scaini | Matteo Deflorian | Stephen S Wallace | Dennis P Tarnow Sinus Floor Augmentation Without Bone Grafting 66 Giovanni Cricchio | Lars Sennerby | Stefan Lundgren Intraoperative Complications with the Lateral Window Technique 73 Stephen S Wallace | Dennis P Tarnow | Tiziano Testori Transcrestal Window Surgical Technique for Sinus Elevation 92 Michael S Block 10 Transcrestal Sinus Augmentation with Osseodensification 105 Salah Huwais | Ziv Mazor 11 Transcrestal Hydrodynamic Piezoelectric Sinus Elevation 118 Konstantin Gromov | Sergey B Dolgov | Dong-Seok Sohn www.pdflobby.com Jensen_FM.indd 11/9/18 11:34 AM Section III: Implant Placement in the Resorbed Posterior Maxilla 12 Lateral and Transcrestal Bone Grafting with Short Implants 128 Rolf Ewers | Mauro Marincola 13 Transsinus Implants 140 Tiziano Testori | Gabriele Rosano | Alessandro Lozza | Stephen S Wallace 14 Guided Extrasinus Zygomatic and Pterygoid Implants 151 Nardy Casap | Michael Alterman 15 Navigation for Transsinus Placement of Zygomatic Implants 159 Yiqun Wu | Feng Wang | Wei Huang | Kuofeng Hung 16 Arch-Length Threshold for Using Zygomatic Implants 169 Nicholas J Gregory | Ole T Jensen 17 Pterygoid Implants 175 Stuart L Graves | Lindsay L Graves 18 The Nazalus Implant 183 Pietro Ferraris | Giovanni Nicoli | Ole T Jensen 19 Ultrawide Implants in Molar Sites 187 Costa Nicolopoulos | Andriana Nikolopoulou 20 Restoration and Abutment Options 199 Alexandre Molinari | Sérgio Rocha Bernardes Section IV: Evolution and Innovations in Maxillary Bone Regeneration 21 The Sinus Consensus Conference: Results and Innovations 203 Vincent J Iacono | Howard H Wang | Srinivas Rao Myneni Venkatasatya 22 Sharpey Fiber Biologic Model for Bone Formation 213 Martin Chin | Jean E Aaron 23 Using BMP-2 to Increase Bone-to-Implant Contact 227 Byung-Ho Choi 24 Tissue-Engineered Bone and Cell-Conditioned Media 235 Hideharu Hibi | Wataru Katagiri | Shuhei Tsuchiya | Masahiro Omori | Minoru Ueda 25 Tissue Engineering of the Dental Organ for the Posterior Maxilla 244 Fugui Zhang | Dongzhe Song | Ping Ji | Tong-Chuan He | Ole T Jensen Index 259 www.pdflobby.com Jensen_FM.indd 11/9/18 11:34 AM FOREWORD About 40 years ago, I defended my PhD thesis, Healing of Bone Grafts, under the tutorship of P-I Brånemark I placed optical implants in bone tissue prior to grafting and in this manner was able to investigate what happened to the graft microvasculature after transplantation Even if allogeneic or heterologous bone was available at the time (eg, in the Oswestry and Kiel bone banks), it was generally agreed that only autogenous bone provided adequate repair Bank bone was mainly used for large orthopedic defects as a last resort Some 20 years later, I participated in the consensus conference on sinus grafts arranged in the United States At the same time, results of sinus grafts were so successful that it seemed irrelevant whether autogenous, allogeneic, or heterologous grafts were used Lamentably, the clinical material available at the time was data collected from clinicians rather than data printed in peer-reviewed journals, and this seldom allows for a critical scientific analysis Nevertheless, it was the first time I had heard colleagues claim that similar good clinical results could be achieved with types of grafts other than the conventionally used autograft Today, of course, we have a large bulk of evidence that many types of bone grafts function very well when placed in sinuses Admittedly, as evidenced in one chapter of the present volume, in some cases we not necessarily see improved clinical results of implants after grafting compared to nongrafting—the preparation of bone tissue may provide a satisfactory supply of autogenous bone particles for clinical success However, this type of very simple autografting may not work in severely resorbed clinical cases, and clinicians trying it in cases with to mm of bone thickness are advised to carefully check implant stability after placement One commonly used source of sinus graft material today can be heterologous bone such as Bio-Oss (Geistlich) We investigated the long-term fate of sinus-grafted Bio-Oss particles 11 years after grafting and found them largely unchanged in size and morphology.1 These particles, like the implant, may represent a foreign body with osteoconductivity (ie, new bone growth that explains the good clinical results achieved) In fact, the clinical fate of autografts may be quite similar in behavior We analyzed the histologic outcome of small autogenous bone columellas used to replace the ossicular bones in hearing impairment vi Jensen_FM.indd in humans The actual grafts had died, but they continued to function clinically with clear evidence that new live bone grew on the surfaces of the old grafts.2 The main reason why a volume such as the third edition of The Sinus Bone Graft is so important depends on the clinical reports made available Sinus grafts are indeed most positive for patient treatment and have since long proven their clinical efficacy Dr Jensen, the editor of this book, is one of very few in the world who has experience from more than 30 years working with sinus grafts, and I can think of no one more suited to be editor of this volume He has put together a great number of excellent contributors to write about their experiences with sinus grafts under different conditions This book is highly recommended to anyone using oral implants, and since major innovations have been presented in this third edition, I would even recommend it to those who already own the previous editions Tomas Albrektsson, md, phd Professor Emeritus Department of Biomaterials Institute of Clinical Sciences Gothenburg University Gothenburg, Sweden Visiting Professor Faculty of Odontology Malmö University Malmö, Sweden References Mordenfeld A, Hallman M, Johansson CB, Albrektsson T Histological and histomorphometrical analyses of biopsies harvested 11 years after maxillary sinus floor augmentation with deproteinized bovine and autogenous bone Clin Oral Implants Res 2010;21:961–970 Kylén P, Albrektsson T, Ekvall L, Hellkvist H, Tjellström A Survival of the cortical bone columella in ear surgery Acta Otolaryngol 1987;104:158–165 www.pdflobby.com 11/9/18 11:34 AM PREFACE With each passing year, I continue to be amazed at how far we have come and how we continue to advance in the highly specialized procedure of sinus elevation and grafting Only a few decades ago, the sinus elevation was performed in just one general dental office in Opelika, Alabama; it is now an international cross-specialty collaboration As the techniques have evolved, so has this book The third edition of The Sinus Bone Graft updates current scientific rationale and clinical practice for what continues to be a necessary procedure for posterior maxillary dental implant reconstruction In this volume, attention is given to historical recognition of pioneers in this field, including Hilt Tatum, Philip Boyne, and Carl Misch But there are countless contributors to sinus elevation, from the members of the 1996 Sinus Consensus Conference sponsored by the Academy of Osseointegration to the authors of the now over 2,000 publications concerning modifications related to sinus floor treatment In 1986, I made the pilgrimage taken by many general dentist implantologists before me to visit Dr Hilt Tatum’s office and learn firsthand from the master clinician After observing him over a few days, I remember leaving in a kind of daze wondering if a “sinus lift,” as he called it, could be real It wasn’t until 10 years later that a group of 38 clinicians met in Boston to present their early sinus elevation results After everyone had presented their data, including disparate methods and modifications to the original procedure, we came to understand quite remarkably that we all had success! We were stunned, almost to silence, that Dr Tatum’s work had so summarily been replicated From that point forward, the world of implant dentistry changed as the sinus elevation was confidently recommended to patients A few years later, after having collaborated in Sweden, I had a discussion with P-I Brånemark and Ulf Lekholm, who still viewed the sinus procedure with skepticism At the time, Dr Brånemark was hatching the idea of the zygomatic implant and told me that the sinus graft might not be necessary after all I did not understand his meaning then, but I now In addition to an overview of the types of graft material and techniques, this book is filled with alternatives to the sinus graft Among them are the use of the zygomatic implant and the idea that the sinus membrane should be reflected but not necessarily grafted, as Stefan Lundgren has shown In 2011, I met separately with Tatum and Boyne, the two great innovators of the sinus floor bone graft, and recorded their independent creative thought processes firsthand Interestingly, they both described inspiration being triggered by a problem of deficient interocclusal space Though surgeons, they were thinking as restorative dentists, struggling with how to obtain room for crowns or a prosthesis, when the sudden thought occurred of developing bone “on the other side” (ie, on the sinus floor) Bone grafting had never solved a problem in this way before Similarly, many of the innovators in this book—the best and the brightest minds throughout the world—continue to creatively solve a portion of the riddle that is regenerative medicine This collection of prescient advancements in sinus graft technology would clearly not be possible without these innovators and scientists, the doctors of medicine and dentistry However, we must also recognize all those who participate in the art of healing a human being: the surgical and research assistants, auxiliary staff, supportive families, and of course the patients themselves Thank you for your devotion to this worthy cause Ole T Jensen www.pdflobby.com Jensen_FM.indd vii 11/9/18 11:34 AM IN MEMORIAM: Carl Erwin Misch, dds, mds Dr Carl Misch (left) and Dr Craig Misch (right) at the Academy of Osseointegration Annual Meeting, 2016 “Being his brother I could feel I live in his shadow, but I never have and not now I live in his glow.”—Michael Morpurgo In 2017, the dental profession and implant field lost a true icon: my brother, Dr Carl E Misch Carl often stated that his professional goal was to elevate the standard of care in implant dentistry, and he worked tirelessly in pursuit of that achievement He had a gift for organizing and simplifying information and used that gift to develop numerous principles and classifications that became integral concepts in the origins of modern implant dentistry Carl had the good fortune to meet Dr Hilt Tatum in the late 1970s and to be taught sinus bone grafting techniques from one of the originators of the procedure He had exceptional clinical skills and was one of the first prosthodontists in the United States to perform complex implant surgeries In 1987, Carl published the first classification for managing the posterior maxilla based on the amount of bone below the sinus These practical guidelines are still relevant today and were included in the second edition of The Sinus Bone Graft He was also an early proponent of using bone substitutes for sinus grafting and presented his data alongside me at the first Sinus Consensus Conference at Babson College in 1996 viii Jensen_FM.indd Carl had a passion for learning and sharing information He founded the Misch Implant Institute, a continuing education program with an organized curriculum on implant dentistry He was also on the faculty at several dental schools and served as director of one of the first university-based implant programs at the University of Pittsburgh from 1986 to 1993 His lectures— enthusiastic, authoritative, charismatic, and personal—always captured the audience’s attention This text, Contemporary Implant Dentistry (Mosby/Elsevier, 1993), was one of the first books detailing sinus anatomy, physiology, and surgical approaches to manage the atrophic posterior maxilla This text is now in its third edition and is considered by many as the most complete reference on surgical and prosthetic implant topics Carl was a prolific author and published over 100 peer-reviewed articles on various implant-related topics His commitment to the profession truly changed the lives of his students, colleagues, and patients Dr Carl Misch was a true pioneer, leader, professor, and master clinician of implantology He had a remarkable career, and we will all miss his influence and passion for implant dentistry Craig M Misch www.pdflobby.com 11/9/18 11:34 AM CHAPTER 19 CONTRIBUTORS Jean E Aaron, phd Daniel R Cullum, dds Bone Structural Biologist and Visiting Lecturer School of Biomedical Sciences University of Leeds Leeds, United Kingdom Private Practice Limited to Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Coeur d’Alene, Idaho Guest Lecturer Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Loma Linda University Loma Linda, California Michael Alterman, dmd Director of Outpatient Clinic Hadassah and Hebrew University Medical Center Jerusalem, Israel Sérgio Rocha Bernardes, bds, msc, phd Guest Lecturer Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery University of California, Los Angeles Los Angeles, California Head of New Product Development and Clinical Practice Neodent Global Matteo Deflorian, dds Professor Latin American Institute of Dental Research and Education Curitiba, Brazil Michael S Block, dmd Private Practice Limited to Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Metairie, Louisiana Professor and Chairman Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Hadassah and Hebrew University Medical Center Jerusalem, Israel Sergey B Dolgov, dds, msd Private Practice Limited to Periodontics and Implant Dentistry Mankato, Minnesota Martin Chin, dds Private Practice Limited to Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery San Francisco, California Professor Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Wonju College of Medicine Yonsei University Wonju, South Korea Giovanni Cricchio, dds, phd Eric J Dierks, dmd, md Private Practice Limited to Head and Neck Surgery Portland, Oregon Nardy Casap, dmd, md Byung-Ho Choi, dds, phd Tutor at the Section of Implant Dentistry and Oral Rehabilitation Department of Biomedical, Surgical, and Dental Sciences School of Medicine University of Milan Milan, Italy Rolf Ewers, md, dmd, phd Chairman Emeritus Department of Cranio-Maxillofacial and Oral Surgery Medical University of Vienna Vienna, Austria Pietro Ferraris, md, dds Private Practice Limited to Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Prosthodontics Alessandria, Italy Research Fellow Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Umeå University Umeå, Sweden www.pdflobby.com Jensen_FM.indd ix 11/9/18 11:34 AM References • Can Wnt-BMP crosstalk be further exploited to establish potent, synergistic biofactors for dental tissue engineering? • What are the biocompatible scaffold materials that can be used for biofactor-programmed stem cell therapies for regenerative dentistry? • What might the bioengineering approach be for tooth regeneration in the anterior versus posterior jaw? We may expect to get some satisfactory answers to these questions in the next to 10 years Acknowledgments We apologize to the researchers whose original work cannot be cited due to space constraints The authors wish to thank Mia Spezia, Scott Du, and Akhila Vuppalapati for the critical reading of the manuscript The research work in the authors’ laboratories was supported in part by research grants from the National Institutes of Health (CA226303 to Dr He), Scoliosis Research Society to Dr He, the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2016YFC1000803 and 2011CB707906 to Dr He), and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (#81400493 to Dr Zhang) Dr Zhang and Dr Song received scholarship funding from the China Scholarship Council Funding sources were not involved in the study design; in the collection, analysis, and interpretation of data; in the writing of the report; or in the decision to submit the chapter for publication References Pogrel MA Evaluation of over 400 autogenous tooth transplants J Oral Maxillofac Surg 1987;45:205–211 Bei M Molecular genetics of tooth development Curr Opin Genet Dev 2009;19:504–510 Streelman JT, Bloomquist RF, Fowler TE Developmental plasticity of patterned and regenerating oral organs Curr Top Dev Biol 2015;115:321–333 Matalova E, Fleischmannova J, Sharpe PT, Tucker AS Tooth agenesis: From molecular genetics to molecular dentistry J Dent Res 2008;87:617–623 Maas R, Bei M The genetic control of early tooth development Crit Rev Oral Biol Med 1997;8:4–39 Zhang F, Song J, Zhang H, et al Wnt and BMP signaling crosstalk in regulating dental stem cells: Implications in dental tissue engineering Genes Dis 2016;3:263–276 Satish V, Prabhadevi MC, Sharma R Odontome: A brief overview Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2011;4:177–185 Barba LC, Campos DM, Nevárez Rascón MM, Ríos Barrera VA, Rascón AN Descriptive aspects of odontoma: Literature review Rev Odontol Mex 2016;20:e265–e269 Ord RA, Blanchaert RH, Jr, Nikitakis NG, Sauk JJ Ameloblastoma in children J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2002;60:762–770 10 Zhang J, Gu Z, Jiang L, et al Ameloblastoma in children and adolescents Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2010;48:549–554 11 McClary AC, West RB, McClary AC, et al Ameloblastoma: A clinical review and trends in management Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 2016;273:1649–1661 12 Burotto M, Chiou VL, Lee JM, Kohn EC The MAPK pathway across different malignancies: A new perspective Cancer 2014; 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Semin Cell Dev Biol 2014;25–26:61–70 111 Ohazama A, Porntaveetus T, Ota MS, Herz J, Sharpe PT Lrp4: A novel modulator of extracellular signaling in craniofacial organogenesis Am J Med Genet A 2010;152A:2974–2983 112 Ohazama A, Johnson EB, Ota MS, et al Lrp4 modulates extracellular integration of cell signaling pathways in development PLoS One 2008;3:e4092 113 Zhang H, Wang J, Deng F, et al Canonical Wnt signaling acts synergistically on BMP9-induced osteo/odontoblastic differentiation of stem cells of dental apical papilla (SCAPs) Biomaterials 2015;39:145–154 258 Jensen CH 25.indd 258 114 Aurrekoetxea M, Lopez J, Garcia P, Ibarretxe G, Unda F Enhanced Wnt/β-catenin signalling during tooth morphogenesis impedes cell differentiation and leads to alterations in the structure and mineralisation of the adult tooth Biol Cell 2012;104:603–617 115 Yang Z, Hai B, Qin L, et al Cessation of epithelial Bmp signaling switches the differentiation of crown epithelia to the root lineage in a β-catenin-dependent manner Mol Cell Biol 2013;33:4732– 4744 116 Rosa V, Toh WS, Cao T, Shim W Inducing pluripotency for disease modeling, drug development and craniofacial applications Expert Opin Biol Ther 2014;14:1233–1240 www.pdflobby.com 11/9/18 3:43 PM INDEX Page numbers followed by “f” denote figures; “t” tables; and “b” boxes A Absorbable collagen sponge description of, rhBMP-2 and bone formation using, 204, 204f, 222, 223f description of, 9–11, 45 Abutments chairside sequence for, 200 collar height of, 200f Cone Morse, 201, 201f screw-retained, 200f selection of, 199–202 stock, 200 transsinus implants, 146f zygomatic implants, 163 ACS See Absorbable collagen sponge Acute rhinosinusitis, 16 Allergic rhinitis, 15 Allograft(s) autogenous bone grafts versus, demineralized freeze-dried bone, platelet-rich plasma/fibrin effects on, 204 risks associated with, Allograft cellular bone matrix, 204 All-on-4 protocol, 140, 170 Alloplasts, 7–8 Alveolar bone atrophy of, 32, 46 defects of, titanium shell for, 45–46, 46f Alveolar crest bone loss of, 147 defects of, 74 height requirements for, for sinus floor elevation, 66 resorption of, 50 Alveolar crest island, 101, 103f Alveolar ridge atrophy of, after tooth extractions, 33 expansion of See Ridge expansion horizontal augmentation of, 33 vertical augmentation of, 33 width-deficient, alveolar split approach for, 32–35, 33f Alveolar segmental osteotomy, 30 Alveolar split approach alveolar anatomy, 33 benefits of, 40 case studies of, 35–40, 36f–40f definition of, 34 horizontal augmentation uses of, 33 implant placement with, 32 objective of, 32 osseointegration after, 35 osteocondensation in, 33 osteotomized bone segment, 34–35 revascularization, 33 summary of, 40 tooth extractions with, 33 for width-deficient alveolar ridge, 32–35, 33f Alveolar split osteoperiosteal flap, 244 Alveolar split osteotomy complications of, 30 history of, 35 illustration of, 34f, 39f implant placement with, 27, 27f, 29 modifications to, 34 sinus floor intrusion with, 28f, 29 transalveolar sinus floor elevation and, 27 transalveolar sinus grafting and, 29 Ameloblastoma, 246–247 Angiogenesis, 45 Angled implants See Tilted implants Anodontia, 247 Anorganic bovine bone matrix, 204 Anterior superior alveolar nerve, 142–143, 143f Antibiotics prophylactic uses of, 53, 61, 178, 230 rhinosinusitis treated with, 18 Antral cysts, 87–88 Antrostomy cortical bone as barrier over, lateral window See Lateral window antrostomy Apical papilla, stem cells from, 250 ASAN See Anterior superior alveolar nerve Autogenous bone grafts advantages of, 5–6 allografts versus, bone substitutes versus, 5, complications of, composite bone graft with, disadvantages of, 5–6, 42 donor sites for, as gold standard, 4–5, 42 harvesting of, 5–6 healing of, 2, implant survival rates, 204 literature review regarding, 4–5 from maxillary tuberosity, 5, 6f Sinus Consensus Conference findings, 4, 203 www.pdflobby.com Jensen Index.indd 259 259 11/9/18 3:46 PM Index B Bacterial rhinosinusitis, 16, 18t Barrier membranes bone substitutes and, 5, 6f, expanded polytetrafluoroethylene, 8, 62, 205 implant survival rates with, 8, 205 over sinus window, 5, 6f, 8, 9f, 62, 62f placement and stabilization of, 62, 62f sinus bone grafting with, 8–9 Sinus Consensus Conference findings, 205 Bedrossian classification, 183, 184f Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo, 209 β-catenin, 254 β-Lactamase inhibitors, for rhinosinusitis, 18 Bioactive products platelet concentrates, rhBMP, 9–11 rhPDGF, 10–11 stem cells, 10–11 Biofilm, bacterial, 16 Bio-Oss, 35, 230–231 Biphasic calcium phosphate alloplasts, Bleeding in lateral window sinus elevation, 84f–85f, 84–86, 119 from pterygoid implants, 157 Blood clot formation, 69, 138 BMP See Bone morphogenic protein(s) BMP-2 See also rhBMP-2 adverse effects of, 233, 240 bone-to-implant contact effects of, in sinus augmentation animal study of, 227–229, 228f–229f description of, 227 human study of, 230f–232f, 230–233 summary of, 233 carrier material for, 233 concentrations of, 233 description of, 35, 43 endosinus bone height assessments, 232 scaffolding uses of, 253 Bone formation fetal, 220, 220f after implant placement, 68–69, 70f rhBMP-2/absorbable collagen sponge for, 204, 204f, 222, 223f Sharpey fiber matrix network for See Sharpey fiber matrix network titanium implants and, 241f–242f Bone grafts See also Sinus bone graft(s) alternative materials, 4, 209–211 autogenous See Autogenous bone grafts implants in, survival rates for, 4, 5f, 203 interpositional in alveolar ridge widening, 33 description of, 23, 25f Le Fort I osteotomy with, in edentulous maxilla, 44, 45f, 46 options for, 118 particulate, 121f placement of, 61–62, 62f Sinus Consensus Conference findings, 4, 203 Bone morphogenetic protein(s) biologic functions of, 251 definition of, description of, 5, 251 in osteogenic/odontogenic differentiation, 253 recombinant, 9–10 See also rhBMP-2 signaling of, in dental stem cells, 251–254, 252f Bone morphogenetic protein receptors, 251 260 Jensen Index.indd 260 Bone regeneration, 66, 140 Bone substitutes advantages of, 6–7 allografts, 6–7, 204 alloplasts, 7–8 autogenous bone grafts versus, 5, ideal characteristics of, implant survival rates with, membranes with, 5, 6f, osteoconductive, platelet concentrates with, Sinus Consensus Conference findings, 4, 203 xenografts, Bone-forming construct criteria for success of, 225 embryomimetic surgical engineering, 213–214 Sharpey fiber matrix network for See Sharpey fiber matrix network Book flap, 34f, 35 See also Alveolar split osteotomy Bovine bone mineral bone marrow aspirates with, 11 description of, 2, Brånemark technique, 151, 152f Buccal flap tears, 86 Burs, for lateral window antrostomy preparation, 55, 55f C Calcified microspheres description of, 216–217 Golgi-directed, 218–219 Caldwell-Luc approach, 32, 206 Canalis sinosus, 141–142, 142f Chronic rhinosinusitis, 16 Clarithromycin, 50t Cleidocranial dysplasia, 249f, 249–250 Cocaine abuse, 50, 50f Collagen membrane, for sinus membrane perforation coverage, 61, 61f Combination sinus and alveolar augmentation grafts, 208f, 209f Complex odontomas, 245f, 245–246 Composite bone grafts, autogenous bone added to, Compound odontomas, 245f, 245–246 Compression wave, 106 Computed tomography maxillary edentulous ridge evaluations, 20 rhinosinusitis evaluations, 17, 20 Computer-aided surgery, for zygomatic implants, 159 Concha bullosa, 15–16, 16f Cone beam computed tomography anterior superior alveolar nerve evaluations, 143, 143f maxillary edentulous ridge evaluations, 20 maxillary molar pre-extraction evaluations, 92 Nazalus implant stability evaluations, 184, 185f pterygoid implants, 176 rhinosinusitis evaluations, 17 sinus augmentation on, 232f Cosci technique, 122 Crestal approach sinus kit, 120f, 122–123, 123f–124f Crestal window, 57, 57f–58f See also Transcrestal approach Cytokines, in mesenchymal stem cell-conditioned media, 240 D DASK See Dentium Advanced Sinus Kit drilling Delayed implant placement, 2–3, 203 www.pdflobby.com 11/9/18 3:46 PM Index Demineralized freeze-dried bone allografts, Dens invaginatus, 246 Densah Burs, 106f, 107–109, 108f Dental extractions alveolar split sinus floor intrusion with, 29 maxillary molars See Maxillary molar extractions Dental follicle precursor cells, 250–251 Dental pulp stem cells, 250, 252 Dental stem cells advantages of, 254 bone morphogenetic protein signaling in, 251–254, 252f future of, 254–255 types of, 250–251 Wnt signaling in, 252f, 253–254 Denticles, 245 Dentium Advanced Sinus Kit drilling in lateral window antrostomy, 55–57, 56f sinus membrane perforation prevention using, 77–78, 78f DFPCs See Dental follicle precursor cells DICOM See Digital imaging and communications in medicine Digital imaging and communications in medicine, 160, 230 Dilated odontoma, 246 Disuse atrophy, 183 Doxycycline, for rhinosinusitis, 18 DPSCs See Dental pulp stem cells E Ectodermal dysplasia, 248 Ectodysplasin A, 248 Edentulous maxilla See Maxilla, edentulous; Posterior maxilla, edentulous Elevators, 60, 60f Embryomimetic surgical engineering, 213–214 Endoscopic marsupialization, of mucous retention cysts, 87 ePTFE membranes See Expanded polytetrafluoroethylene membranes Expanded polytetrafluoroethylene membranes, 8, 62, 205 Extractions alveolar split sinus floor intrusion with, 29 maxillary molars See Maxillary molar extractions Extra-long implants See Nazalus implants F FESS See Functional endoscopic sinus surgery Fetal bone formation, 220, 220f Fetal facial skeleton, 213 FGFs See Fibroblast growth factors Fibrin clot, Fibroblast growth factors, 253 Fistula, oroantral, 30, 93, 94f–95f, 179f Fluoroquinolones, for rhinosinusitis, 18 Fracture healing, 215 Functional endoscopic sinus surgery, 19 Functionality, 140 Fungal rhinosinusitis, 17, 18t Furcation intrusion procedure, 98–99 G GBR See Guided bone regeneration Gingival mesenchymal stem cells, 250–251 Glucocorticoids, for rhinosinusitis, 19 GMSCs See Gingival mesenchymal stem cells Golgi-directed calcified microspheres, 218–219 Graftless sinus floor elevation complications of, 70 history of, 66 implant placement with, 66–67 implant survival, 69–70, 70f indications for, 66–67 intrasinus responses, 70 sinus membrane perforation caused by, 70 summary of, 70 surgical technique for, 67–68, 68f Greater palatine artery, 176 GTR See Guided tissue regeneration Guided bone regeneration, 66 Guided tissue regeneration, 66 H Haemophilus influenzae, 16 Hand hygiene, 16 Hinge osteotomy, 55 HPISE See Hydrodynamic piezoelectric internal sinus elevation Human exfoliated deciduous teeth, stem cells from, 250 Hydrodynamic piezoelectric internal sinus elevation, 124–127, 126f Hydroxyapatite, 2, 7–8 Hyperdontia, 249 Hypodontia, 247f, 247–248 I IGF-1 See Insulin-like growth factor Ilium autograft harvesting from, mesenchymal stem cells harvested from, 10 Implant(s) alveolar crest bone height for, 50 alveolar split osteotomy with, 27, 27f apical fixation of, 140, 141f bone densification around, 109 extra-long See Nazalus implants immediate placement of See Implant placement, immediate machine-surfaced, 4, 5f Nazalus See Nazalus implants placement of See Implant placement posterior maxilla challenges for, 175, 187, 197 failure of, 105 maxillary sinus effects on, rough-surfaced, 4–5 short in posterior maxilla, 1, 2f recommendations for, 128 sinus bone grafting versus, Sinus Consensus Conference findings, 210–211 simultaneous placement of See Implant placement, simultaneous sinus membrane elevation supported with, 68f smoking effects on, 50 standard-length, 128 subcrestal placement of, 199 survival rates of barrier membrane effects on, 8, 205 bone grafting effects on, 4, 5f, bone substitutes and, www.pdflobby.com Jensen Index.indd 261 261 11/9/18 3:46 PM Index internal sinus elevation and, 138 short implants, 210 Sinus Consensus Conference findings, 203 sinus membrane perforation effects on, 82 tilted See Tilted implants with transcrestal sinus bone grafting, 134–137, 135f–137f ultrawide See Ultrawide implants zygomatic See Zygomatic implants Implant placement with alveolar split approach, 32 bone formation after, 68–69, 70f crestal approach sinus kit, 123, 124f delayed, 2–3, 203 with graftless sinus floor elevation, 66–67 immediate description of, 183 with lateral window approach for sinus bone grafting, 130f–131f, 130–134 after maxillary molar extractions, 187 pterygoid implants, 175 ultrawide implants, 192 limiting factors on, in posterior maxilla, 175 after maxillary molar extractions challenges associated with, 187 delayed, 93, 187 description of, 92 in to mm of bone within furcation, 96–97, 97f, 101 in greater than mm of bone within furcation, 95, 96f, 101 in less than mm of bone within furcation, 97–98, 101 in to mm of bone within furcation, 95–96, 97f simultaneous indications for, 11, 233 ridge expansion and transcrestal sinus floor intrusion with, 37f–40f, 37–39 with sinus bone grafting, with sinus membrane elevation, 69 with transcrestal sinus augmentation with osseodensification, 106 with transcrestal sinus floor elevation, single-stage, 233 sinus pneumatization effects on, 175 V-4, for short-arch-length maxilla, 173 Infraorbital canals, 142f Infraorbital nerve illustration of, 54f injury to branches of, during lateral window sinus elevation, 86, 86f Insulin-like growth factor, 240 Internal alveolar split, posterior maxillary sandwich osteotomy with, 25–27, 26f Internal sinus lift, 134–135, 135f, 137f, 138 Interocclusal space, 30 Interpositional bone graft/grafting in alveolar ridge widening, 33 description of, 23, 25f Le Fort I osteotomy with, in edentulous maxilla, 44, 45f, 46 Intra-alveolar split osteotomy, 23 Intranasal steroids, for rhinosinusitis, 19 Invasive fungal rhinosinusitis, 17 ISL See Internal sinus lift Island flap, 34f, 39, 40f 262 Jensen Index.indd 262 L Lacrimal sac, 142f Lateral floor approach advantages of, 63 presurgical sinus assessment, 48–53, 49b, 49t–50t, 50f–52f Lateral nasal wall anatomy of, 140, 141f vascularization of, 141 Lateral wall technique See Lateral window sinus elevation Lateral window antrostomy access for, 53, 54f alternatives to, 57–60, 57f–60f crestal window versus, 57, 57f–58f flap management for, 53, 54f palatal window versus, 58–59, 58f–59f preparation techniques, 55–57, 55f–57f vertical releasing incisions for, 53, 54f window in Dentium Advanced Sinus Kit preparation of, 55–57, 56f design of, 54–55, 76f location of, 54, 54f, 76 piezoelectric preparation of, 56f, 56–57, 77, 77f–78f, 207f rotary preparation of, 55, 55f simplified antrostomy design of, 55, 59f, 59–60 size of, 53 Lateral window approach for sinus bone grafting Caldwell-Luc antrostomy for, 206 description of, 1–3, 11 immediate implant placement with, 130f–131f, 130–134 osteotomy technique as alternative to, 119, 120f–121f surgical procedure for, 130f–131f, 130–134 Lateral window osteotomy, 23f Lateral window sinus elevation advantages of, 62 alternatives to, 140 antrostomy See Lateral window antrostomy closure of, 63, 63f complications of anatomic knowledge for prevention of, 74, 89 bleeding, 84f–85f, 84–86, 119 buccal flap tears, 86 inadvertent nasal floor grafting, 88, 89f infraorbital nerve branch injuries, 86, 86f mucous retention cysts, 86f–87f, 86–88 posterior superior alveolar artery damage, 84, 84f–85f prevention of, 88 sinus membrane perforation, 73–83, 74f–83f, 119 See also Sinus membrane perforation summary of, 89 crestal bone height requirements, 66 graft placement, 61–62, 62f history of, 73, 105, 118 membrane placement and stabilization, 62, 62f summary of, 62 vasoconstrictors in, 84, 84f–85f Le Fort I osteotomy with interposed bone graft advantages of, 44 in edentulous maxilla, 44, 44f, 46 sinus membrane elevations with, 45f pterygomaxillary suture in, 175 Leukocyte- and platelet-rich fibrin membranes, 79, 81–82, 83f Loma Linda technique, 80, 82 www.pdflobby.com 11/9/18 3:46 PM Index M M point, 140, 145, 170, 183, 195 Mandible embryonic development of, 220, 220f symphysis, autogenous bone harvesting from, 5–6 Marie and Sainton disease See Cleidocranial dysplasia Maxilla See also Posterior maxilla atrophy of description of, 1, 129f, 140, 169 zygomatic implants for See Zygomatic implants Class C, 171f Class D, 171f edentulous implant options for, 140 Le Fort I osteotomy with interposed bone graft for, 44, 44f, 46 Nazalus implants for, 183–186 pterygoid implants for, 178f, 179 resorption of, 160 short-arch-length defining of, 169, 170f first molar site implant for, 173 preoperative imaging of, 169–170, 170f–171f pterygoid implant for, 173 treatment options for, 171–173, 172f V-4 implant placement strategy for, 173 zygomatic implants for, 171–173, 172f Maxillary artery, 175 Maxillary molar extractions cone beam computed tomography before, 92 description of, 92 first molar, 96f furcation intrusion procedure, 98–99 implant placement after challenges associated with, 187 delayed, 93, 187 description of, 92 in to mm of bone within furcation, 96–97, 97f, 101 in greater than mm of bone within furcation, 95, 96f, 101 immediate, 187 in less than mm of bone within furcation, 97–98, 101 in to mm of bone within furcation, 95–96, 97f ultrawide See Ultrawide implants oroantral fistula with, 93, 94f–95f site classification for, 188 strategies for, 92 transcrestal approach in with graft placement, 100–101, 102f–103f osteotome strategies in, 101 for sites with no grafting, 99–100 type A socket, 188 type B socket, 188 type C socket, 188 ultrawide implants after See Ultrawide implants Maxillary sinus anatomy of, 15, 141f augmentation of See Sinus augmentation elevation of See Sinus elevation floor of, iatrogenic pathology of, 19 infections of, 157 medial wall of, 141f mucosa of, 141 ostiomeatal complex of, 15, 16f ostium of, 15 pathologic conditions of, 48–50, 49t pneumatization of See Sinus pneumatization posterior maxilla implants affected by, Maxillary sinus elevation difficulty score, 51, 52f Maxillary sinus membrane See Sinus elevation; Sinus membrane perforation Maxillary sinusitis See Rhinosinusitis Maxillary tuberosity, autogenous bone grafts from, 5, 6f Meckel cartilage, 220 Medical history, 49b Membranes See Barrier membranes Mesenchymal stem cell(s) alveolar bone-derived, 250–251 dental-derived, 250–251 description of, 5, 10–11, 68, 235–236 gingival, 250–251 osteogenic differentiation of, 253 Mesenchymal stem cell–conditioned media, 238f–239f Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, 18 Metronidazole, 61 MO See Multiple odontoma Model surgery, 30 Modified trephine osteotome technique, 207 Molar extractions See Maxillary molar extractions Morse taper connection, 199 MSCs See Mesenchymal stem cell(s) MSED score See Maxillary sinus elevation difficulty score Mucous retention cysts, 86f–87f, 86–88 Mucous retention phenomenon, 21f Multiple odontoma, 245–246 Mutational dysostosis See Cleidocranial dysplasia Mycetoma, 17 N Nasal floor grafting, inadvertent, 88, 89f Nasal septal deviation, 16 Nasal-sinus tumors, 49t Nasolacrimal duct, 141–142 Navigation surgery, for zygomatic implant placement accuracy of, 164 case studies of, 165f–167f, 165–167 classic approach with, 160, 165–166, 165f–166f fiducial markers, 164 presurgical planning, 160, 161f quad approach with, 160, 166–167, 167f registration, 161, 161f software used in, 161f surgical technique, 161–163, 162f–163f target registration error, 164 time line for, 160f vertical releasing incisions, 163 in vitro and in vivo conditions, 164 Nazalus implants advantages of, 184–185, 185f cone beam computed tomography of, 184, 185f length of, 183 stability of, 184 surgical procedure for, 183–184, 184f Neurapraxia, 143 Nonsyndromic oligodontia, 247–248 Noris drilling guide description of, 157 for pterygoid implants, 156f for zygomatic implants, 155f www.pdflobby.com Jensen Index.indd 263 263 11/9/18 3:46 PM Index O Odontogenesis, defined, 244 Odontogenesis abnormalities ameloblastoma, 246–247 cleidocranial dysplasia, 249f, 249–250 description of, 244 hypodontia, 247f, 247–248 odontomas, 245f, 245–246 Odontogenic differentiation, 253 Odontogenic sinusitis, 19–20, 20f, 48, 50 Odontoma(s), 245f, 245–246 Odontoma syndrome, 246 Odontomatosis, 246 Oligodontia, 247 Optimal function, 140 Oroantral communication, 19, 179, 179f, 205f–206f Oroantral fistula, 30, 93, 94f–95f, 179f Orthoalveolar form, 45 Osseodensification lateral compaction autografting via, 110 osseointegration and, 109–110 technique for, 106–107 in trabecular space, 109 transcrestal sinus augmentation See Transcrestal sinus augmentation with osseodensification Osseointegration after alveolar split approach, 35 BMP-2 effects on, 229, 229t methods to improve, 105 osseodensification and, 109–110 requirements for, 119 Osteocondensation, 33 Osteoconductive bone substitutes, Osteogenesis, 45 Osteogenic differentiation, 253 Osteotome sinus grafting, 119, 120f–121f Osteotomy alveolar segmental, 30 alveolar split See Alveolar split osteotomy hinge, 55 instrumentation for, 105, 106f in lateral window approach, palatal, 30 sandwich See Sandwich osteotomy in transcrestal approach, Ostiomeatal complex, 143 anatomy of, 15, 16f obstruction of, 15 Otolaryngologist, 20–21 P Palatal approach lateral window antrostomy versus, 58–59, 58f–59f sinus grafting via, 29, 29f, 58, 58f–59f Palatal osteotomy, 30 Palatal window, 58–59, 58f–59f Paranasal sinuses computed tomography of, 17 evaluation of, before sinus augmentation, 20 PDGF See Platelet-derived growth factor Periapical granuloma, 19 Peri-implantitis, 210 Periodontal disease, 28f 264 Jensen Index.indd 264 Periodontal ligament stem cells, 250–251 Piezoelectric internal sinus elevation history of, 124 hydrodynamic, 124–127, 126f procedure for, 124, 125f Piezoelectric surgery in furcation intrusion procedure, 99 history of, 85 instruments in, 207, 207f lateral window sinus elevation applications of bleeding prevention, 84–85 illustration of, 207f sinus membrane perforation prevention, 77, 77f–78f window preparation, 56f, 56–57 silicone balloon with diluted contrast liquid used with, 207 sinus membrane perforation prevention using, 77, 78f technique variations, 77, 77f–78f transcrestal approach, 124–127, 125f–126f, 207 Pikos technique, 80 PISE See Piezoelectric internal sinus elevation Platelet concentrates, Platelet-derived growth factor definition of, 10 recombinant human, 10–11, 204 Platelet-rich fibrin, 3, 204, 206f Platelet-rich plasma, 204, 235 PLSCs See Periodontal ligament stem cells Polyetheretherketone healing abutments, 120, 121f Posterior lateral nasal artery, 141f Posterior maxilla See also Maxilla alveolar ridge width augmentation in, 33, 33f atrophy of description of, 1, 129f, 140, 169 zygomatic implants for See Zygomatic implants bone defects in, 42 bone density in, strategies to improve, 105 edentulous anatomical limitations associated with, 140 bone quality in, characteristics of, illustration of, 43f implant options for, 140 Nazalus implants for, 183–186 sinus floor elevation in, 101, 102f implant placement in challenges for, 175, 187, 197 failure of, 105 maxillary sinus effects on, sinus bone grafting in lateral window approach for, 2–3 transcrestal approach for, 3–4 Posterior maxillary alveolar split and sinus graft, 27, 27f Posterior maxillary sandwich osteotomy indications for, 43 internal alveolar split with, 25–27, 26f lateral window osteotomy, 23f sinus floor grafting with, 25, 26f, 30, 43f, 43–44 surgical technique of, 23, 24f–25f technique for, 43, 43f Posterior maxillary segmental osteotomy, 29, 29f Posterior superior alveolar artery bleeding from, during lateral window sinus elevation, 84, 84f–85f, 119 description of, 53 endosseous anastomosis from, 119 PRF See Platelet-rich fibrin Prosthetic retention, 202 www.pdflobby.com 11/9/18 3:46 PM Index sinonasal lavage for, 19 sinus anatomy, 15 viral, 16, 18t zygomatic implant-associated, 156, 184 rhPDGF See Recombinant human platelet-derived growth factor Ridge expansion and transcrestal sinus floor intrusion, in posterior maxilla case studies of, 35–40, 36f–40f simultaneous implant placement with, 37–39, 37f–40f Pterygoid fossa, 176f Pterygoid implants advantages of, 175 anatomical considerations for, 175–176, 176f angulation of, 177 antibiotic prophylaxis in, 178 bleeding from, 157 case studies of, 178f–182f, 179–182 complications of, 178–179 cone beam computed tomography of, 176 disadvantages of, 183 goals of, 175 history of, 151 immediate loading of, 175 length of, 175 Noris drilling guide for, 156f patient selection for, 176–177 placement of, 209 preoperative evaluation of, 176–177 short-arch-length maxilla treated with, 173 Sinus Consensus Conference findings, 209–210 in sinus pneumatization, 176, 181f–182f surgical guide for, 156f surgical planning for, 176 surgical technique for, 177f, 177–178 survival rates for, 175 zygomatic implants versus, 175 Pterygoid process, of sphenoid bone, 175, 176f Pterygomaxillary junction, 170 Pterygomaxillary suture, 175, 176f Pyramidal-pterygoid junction, 175 S R Recombinant human BMP-2 See rhBMP-2 Recombinant human platelet-derived growth factor, 10–11, 204 Recurrent acute rhinosinusitis, 16 Registration, 161, 161f Restorations, 199 Reverse-rotating osseodensification burs, rhBMP-2 See also BMP-2 description of, 9–11 in posterior maxillary sandwich osteotomy, 25 rhBMP-2/absorbable collagen sponge bone formation using, 204, 204f, 222, 223f description of, 8–11, 45 Rhinosinusitis acute, 16 antibiotics for, 18 bacterial, 16, 18t characteristics of, 18t chronic, 16, 18, 21f computed tomography of, 17 concha bullosa and, 15–16, 16f environmental factors associated with, 15 fungal, 17, 18t genetic factors, 15 intranasal steroids for, 19 invasive fungal, 17 medical workup for, 17–18 odontogenic, 19–20, 20f, 48, 50 otolaryngologist referral for, 48 predisposing factors for, 15–16 recurrent acute, 16 signs and symptoms of, 16, 17b, 20 SAD See Simplified antrostomy design SALSA See Subantroscopic laterobasal sinus floor augmentation Sandwich osteotomy access for, 23 advantages of, 23 alveolar height increased with, 31 posterior maxillary internal alveolar split with, 25–27, 26f lateral window osteotomy, 23f sinus floor grafting with, 25, 26f, 30 surgical technique of, 23, 24f–25f SCAPs See Stem cells from apical papilla Scheuthauer-Marie-Sainton syndrome See Cleidocranial dysplasia Screw-retained abutments, 200f Segmental osteotomies, 34 Sharpey fiber matrix network calcified microspheres description of, 216–217 Golgi-directed, 218–219 clinical applications of, 221–224 description of, 214 illustration of, 215f inorganic phase of, 216–219 microanatomical innovations, 219–221 organic phase of, 214–216 periosteal, 215, 215f surgical design to surgical procedure transition, 224 SHEDs See Stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth Short implants in posterior maxilla, 1, 2f recommendations for, 128 sinus bone grafting versus, Sinus Consensus Conference findings, 210–211 Short-arch-length maxilla defining of, 169, 170f first molar site implant for, 173 preoperative imaging of, 169–170, 170f–171f pterygoid implant for, 173 treatment options for, 171–173, 172f V-4 implant placement strategy for, 173 zygomatic implants for, 171–173, 172f Simplified antrostomy design, 55, 59f, 59–60, 145 Simultaneous implant placement indications for, 11, 233 ridge expansion and transcrestal sinus floor intrusion with, 37f–40f, 37–39 with sinus bone grafting, with sinus membrane elevation, 69 with transcrestal sinus augmentation with osseodensification, 106 with transcrestal sinus floor elevation, Sinonasal infections, 19 Sinonasal lavage, for rhinosinusitis, 19 www.pdflobby.com Jensen Index.indd 265 265 11/9/18 3:46 PM Index Sinus augmentation alternatives to, 140 alveolar augmentation and, 208f, 209 bone grafts for See Bone grafts bone volume considerations, 140 bone-to-implant contact, BMP-2 effects on animal study of, 227–229, 228f–229f description of, 227 human study of, 230f–232f, 230–233 summary of, 233 complications of, 138 See also Lateral window sinus elevation, complications of cone beam computed tomography of, 232f contraindications for, 49t infection after, 61 lateral window, 207f otolaryngologist consultation before, 20–21 paranasal sinuses evaluation before, 20 piezoelectric transcrestal approach for, 124–127, 125f–126f sinus elevation instrument for, 231f sinus graft infection after, 61 subantroscopic laterobasal, 130 timing of, 20 Sinus bone graft(s) See also Bone grafts cultured human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells applied to, 238 definition of, 128 future of, 244 healing of, implant placement after, 2–3 options for, 183 placement of, 61–62, 62f radiographic evaluations, 128, 129f Sinus bone grafting alternatives to, 209–211 barrier membranes with, 8–9 goals of, 118 implants and short implants, simultaneous placement, incomplete, 58f–59f indications for, indirect method of, internal sinus lift with, 134–135, 135f, 137f, 138 lateral window approach description of, 1–3, 11 immediate implant placement with, 130f–131f, 130–134 osteotomy technique as alternative to, 119, 120f–121f surgical procedure for, 130f–131f, 130–134 materials for, 235 mesenchymal stem cells for, 11 osteotome technique, 119, 120f–121f palatal approach, 29, 29f posterior maxillary sandwich osteotomy with, 25, 26f, 30 radiographic evaluations, 128, 129f rhBMP-2/ACS for, 10 short implants versus, Sinus Consensus Conference findings, 203, 206–209, 207f–208f summary of, 11 techniques for, 1, 3–4, 11 transcrestal description of, 3–4, 11, 118–127 immediate implant placement with, 134–137, 135f–137f tricalcium phosphate for, vertical ridge augmentation with, 209 Sinus compliance, 89 266 Jensen Index.indd 266 Sinus Consensus Conference barrier membranes, 205 biologic materials, 204 bone grafts, 4, 203 combination sinus and alveolar augmentation grafts, 208f, 209f description of, 203 pterygoid implants, 209–210 short implants, 210–211 sinus grafting materials, 203–205 techniques, 206–209, 207f–208f tilted implants, 210 zygomatic implants, 209–210 Sinus elevation antibiotic prophylaxis for, 50t, 53 aseptic techniques for, 53, 53f blood clot formation, 68–69, 70f, 138 complications of, 19 difficulty score for, 51, 52f environmental factors that affect, 50, 50f graftless complications of, 70 history of, 66 implant placement with, 66–67 implant survival, 69–70, 70f indications for, 66–67 intrasinus responses, 70 sinus membrane perforation caused by, 70 summary of, 8, 70 surgical technique for, 67–68, 68f illustration of, 205f implant placement with illustration of, 68f simultaneous, 69 survival rates for, 69 indications for, 50 lateral window See Lateral window sinus elevation medical history before, 49b medical management of, 53 operator technique and instrumentation for, 60, 60f osteotome, for short implant placement, perforations during See Sinus membrane perforation postoperative drug therapy for, 50t preoperative diagnosis and planning, 50–51 prophylactic drug therapy for, 50t, 53 radiologic examinations before, 51 sinus assessment before, 48–53, 49b, 49t–50t, 50f–52f sinus membrane perforation during, 19 transalveolar, 27 transcrestal with alveolar split approach See Alveolar split approach description of, endosseous implant placement after, 35 as vascularized bone segment, 33 vertical augmentation uses of, 33 Sinus floor elevation See Sinus elevation Sinus floor intrusion alveolar split osteotomy with, 28f, 29 transcrestal, with alveolar split See also Alveolar split approach description of, 32 ridge expansion and, 35–40, 36f–40f Sinus floor microfracture, 135, 136f Sinus inflammation, 20, 21f Sinus lift See Sinus elevation Sinus membrane elevation See Sinus elevation www.pdflobby.com 11/9/18 3:46 PM Index Sinus membrane perforation collagen membrane coverage of, 61, 61f contributing factors, 60, 60b delayed implant placement after healing of, 95 effects of, 82–83, 83f etiology of, 73–74 in graftless sinus floor elevation, 70 high-risk maneuvers for, 74 illustration of, 61f, 75f, 133f incidence of, 73–74, 119 large, 79 management of, 60–61 prevention of anatomic considerations in, 74, 89 Dentium Advanced Sinus Kit drilling for, 77–78, 78f methods for, 74–77, 105 piezoelectric surgery for, 77, 78f septa identification for, 74–76, 75f–76f, 80f repair of bioabsorbable membranes in, 79–82 in difficult locations, 79–80, 81f failure of, 83 implant survival after, 82 leukocyte- and platelet-rich fibrin membranes for, 79, 81–82, 83f Pikos technique, 80 size-based approaches to, 79, 80f split-thickness graft indications in, 83, 83f sutures, 81f sinus floor elevation as cause of, 19 sinus width and, 74, 74f small, 79, 80f during transcrestal approach, 105 Sinus pneumatization case studies of, 181f–182f causes of, 138 description of, implant placement affected by, 175 posterior maxilla bone volume insufficiency related to, 42 pterygoid implants in, 176, 181f–182f surgical approaches to, 32 transcrestal sinus augmentation with osseodensification in patients with, 112, 112f–116f, 114 Sinus window, barrier membrane over, 5, 6f, 8, 9f Sinusitis See Rhinosinusitis Smads, 251–252, 254 Smoking, 50 Soft tissue plasty, 178 Sphenoid bone, pterygoid process of, 175, 176f Sphenoid sinus, 17 Sphenopalatine artery, 141 Spirostomum ambiguum, 217f, 218 Staphylococcus aureus, 16, 18 Stem cells dental See Dental stem cells future of, 254–255 harvesting of, 10 mesenchymal See Mesenchymal stem cell(s) periodontal ligament, 250–251 Stem cells from apical papilla, 250 Stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth, 250 Sterile technique, 61 Streptococcus pneumoniae, 16, 18 Subantroscopic laterobasal sinus floor augmentation, 130 Suboptimal function, 140 Sulcus lacrimalis, 142f Sutures, for lateral window sinus elevation closure, 63, 63f Symbios, 132 Syndromic oligodontia, 247–248 SynthoGraft, 132 T TEB See Tissue-engineered bone Tensegrity, 218 Tibia, autograft harvesting from, Tilted implants sinus bone grafting versus, Sinus Consensus Conference findings, 210 stress generated at, 149 Tissue-engineered bone bone regeneration with cell-conditioned media for, 237–241, 238b, 238f cell-based therapy for, 235, 236f efficacy of, 236 methodology for, 235, 236f strategies for, 237f success in, 236–237 composition of, 235 costs of, 236 Titanium implants, bone formation around, 241f–242f Titanium shell alveolar defects treated with, 45–46, 46f fabrication of, 45, 46f Tooth agenesis See Hypodontia Tooth extractions alveolar ridge atrophy after, 33 alveolar split sinus floor intrusion with, 29 alveolar split with, 33 maxillary molars See Maxillary molar extractions Transalveolar sinus floor elevation alveolar split osteotomy and, 27 description of, 32 Transalveolar sinus grafting, 29 Transalveolar technique, 207 Transcrestal approach description of, 207 indications for, 207 in maxillary molar extractions with graft placement, 100–101, 102f–103f osteotome strategies in, 101 for sites with no grafting, 99–100 modifications to, 119, 120f–121f osteotomes added to, 209 piezoelectric, 124–127, 125f–126f, 207 for sinus bone grafting description of, 3–4, 11, 118–127 immediate implant placement with, 134–137, 135f–137f sinus membrane perforation risks, 105 Transcrestal hydrodynamic piezoelectric sinus elevation, 118–127 Transcrestal sinus augmentation with osseodensification case reports of, 110–116, 111f–116f Densah Burs, 106f, 107–109, 108f in mm residual bone, 108f, 108–109 illustration of, 107f osseodensification, 106–107 posterior maxillary challenges, 105 protocols for, 107–108 simultaneous implant placement with, 106 in sinus pneumatization, 112, 112f–116f, 114 in mm residual bone, 107f, 107–108 www.pdflobby.com Jensen Index.indd 267 267 11/9/18 3:46 PM Index Transcrestal sinus floor elevation with alveolar split approach See Alveolar split approach crestal bone height requirements, 66 description of, endosseous implant placement after, 35 as vascularized bone segment, 33 vertical augmentation uses of, 33 Transforming growth factor β1, 240 Transsinus implants abutments, 146f apical fixation of, 140, 141f evidence-based support for, 147–149 illustration of, 144f indications for, 145 lateral nasal wall bone, 140, 141f nasal anatomy, 141–143, 142f–143f outcome evaluations, 147 patient selection for, 143, 145 preparation for, 145 procedure for, 145–147, 146f simplified antrostomy design for, 59f, 59–60 Tricalcium phosphate, 4, TSAOD See Transcrestal sinus augmentation with osseodensification U Ultrawide implants benefits of, 188b biotypes contraindicated for, 189, 189f case studies of, 191–197, 192f–197f definition of, 187 features of, 187, 188f guidelines for, 189, 189f–190f illustration of, 188f immediate loading of, 192 Max, 189, 189f–190f molar extraction site classification, 188 osseous gaps with, 191 placement of, 191, 191f surgical technique for drill-through-the-tooth protocol, 190–191, 191f, 194f root decoronization and removal, 190, 190f Upper respiratory infections, 16 V V-4 implant placement strategy, for short-arch-length maxilla, 173 V point, 170 Vascular endothelial growth factor, 240 Vascularized mucoosteoperiosteal flap, 35 Vasoconstrictors, 84, 84f–85f VEGF See Vascular endothelial growth factor Vertical augmentation sinus grafting with, 209 transcrestal sinus floor elevation for, 33 Vertical releasing incisions for lateral window antrostomy, 53, 54f, 63f for zygomatic implant placement, 163 Viral rhinosinusitis, 16, 18t 268 Jensen Index.indd 268 W Wnt signaling, in dental stem cells, 252f, 253–254 Wound dehiscence, 45 X Xenografts, 7, 61, 183 Z Zygomatic anatomy-guided approach (ZAGA), 160, 161f Zygomatic implants abutments, 163 accuracy analysis of, 163–164 advantages of, 210 Brånemark technique for, 151, 152f case studies of, 165–167, 165f–167f challenges associated with, 159 complications of, 156–157, 184, 210 computer-aided surgery for, 159 contraindications for, 151 disadvantages of, 183 dynamic navigation of, 159 entry and exit points for, 154 extramaxillary, 157 extrasinus protocol for, 152f history of, 151, 159, 169, 209 indications for, 140, 151, 172, 174 length of, 155–156, 157f, 210 maxillary sinus infections associated with, 157 mispositioning of, 153, 153f navigation surgery for accuracy of, 164 case studies of, 165–167, 165f–167f classic approach with, 160, 165–166, 165f–166f fiducial markers, 164 presurgical planning, 160, 161f quad approach with, 160, 166–167, 167f registration, 161, 161f software used in, 161f surgical technique, 161–163, 162f–163f target registration error, 164 time line for, 160f vertical releasing incisions, 163 in vitro and in vivo conditions, 164 Noris drilling guide for, 155f positioning of, 153–155 pterygoid implants versus, 175 rhinosinusitis associated with, 156, 184 short-arch-length maxilla treated with, 171–173, 172f single, 160 Sinus Consensus Conference findings, 209–210 standard implants with, 210 surgical guides for, 154–155, 155f surgical protocol for, 155–156, 156f surgical template for, 163–164 vector of, 153, 153f virtual planning of, 154–155, 154f–155f www.pdflobby.com 11/9/18 3:46 PM www.pdflobby.com ... compressing bone and without entering the sinus placed into the space around the elevated floor The implant was then placed into the deepened socket and additional bone was placed over the implant to the. .. live bone grew on the surfaces of the old grafts.2 The main reason why a volume such as the third edition of The Sinus Bone Graft is so important depends on the clinical reports made available Sinus. .. socket without entering the sinus (Fig 4) We now use these bone manipulation osteotomes to form the sockets, compress the cancellous bone, and elevate the sinus floor Our first sinus augmentation