www.pdflobby.com Drug dictionary for dentistry J.G Meechan R.A Seymour OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS www.pdflobby.com Drug dictionary for dentistry www.pdflobby.com Dose schedules are being continually revised and new side effects recognized Oxford University Press makes no representation, express or implied, that the drug dosages in this book are correct For these reasons the reader is strongly urged to consult the pharmaceutical company’s printed instructions before administering any of the drugs recommended in this book www.pdflobby.com Drug dictionary for dentistry J.G Meechan and R.A Seymour www.pdflobby.com Great Clarendon Street, Oxford OX2 6DP Oxford University Press is a department of the University of Oxford It furthers the University’s objective of excellence in research, scholarship, and education by publishing worldwide in Oxford New York Auckland Bangkok Buenos Aires Cape Town Chennai Dar es Salaam Delhi Hong Kong Istanbul Karachi Kolkata Kuala Lumpur Madrid Melbourne Mexico City Mumbai Nairobi São Paulo Shanghai Singapore Taipei Tokyo Toronto with an associated company in Berlin Oxford is a registered trade mark of Oxford University Press in the UK and in certain other countries Published in the United States by Oxford University Press Inc., New York © Oxford University Press, 2002 The moral rights of the authors have been asserted Database right Oxford University Press (maker) First published 2002 All rights reserved No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means,without the prior permission in writing of Oxford University Press, or as expressly permitted by law, or under terms agreed with the appropriate reprographics rights organization Enquiries concerning reproduction outside the scope of the above should be sent to the Rights Department, Oxford University Press, at the address above You must not circulate this book in any other binding or cover and you must impose this same condition on any acquirer A catalogue record for this title is available from the British Library Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data Meechan, J G Drug dictionary for dentistry/J G Meechan, R A Seymour p cm Dental pharmacology–Dictionaries Dental therapeutics– Dictionaries I Seymour, R A II Title RK701.M442002 617.6'061'03–dc21 2001052052 ISBN 19 263274 10 Typeset by Newgen Imaging Systems (P) Ltd., Chennai, India Printed in Great Britain on acid-free paper by The Bath Press, Avon www.pdflobby.com This book is dedicated to: The memory of my father (JGM) Gayle, Tom and Oliver (RAS) www.pdflobby.com This page intentionally left blank www.pdflobby.com Preface Drug therapy has an effect on the management of patients in dentistry Many drugs produce oro-dental problems; in addition concurrent medication can interact with drugs which the dentist may prescribe The aim of this dictionary is to draw together the effects of drugs on the teeth, oral and perioral structures and highlight drug interactions which impact on dental treatment Drugs taken by outpatients which may be encountered in general dental practice and interactions with drugs contained in the Dental Practitioners Formulary have been included Interactions which may occur with medication prescribed by dentists working in the hospital service have also been covered Drugs which the dentist may prescribe have been annotated in greater detail to include any significant interactions that have been recorded Drugs have been listed alphabetically by their Recommended Non-proprietary Name (rINN) rather than their British Approved Name (BAN) In those cases where it is still recommended that both the BAN and rINN should appear then drugs commonly found in dental out-patients are listed under both names It is hoped that this pocket-sized volume will act as a ready reference source for those dealing with dental patients taking medication J.G Meechan R.A Seymour October, 2001 How to use this dictionary The drugs are listed in alphabetical order by their approved name in this dictionary An alphabetical list of trade-names is provided in the Appendix in order to cross-reference to the approved name used in the dictionary www.pdflobby.com Acknowledgement The authors are pleased to acknowledge the assistance of Mrs Renata Taylor in the compilation of this dictionary www.pdflobby.com ABACAVIR • ACAMPROSATE CALCIUM Abacavir (Ziagen) Description A nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor Indications Used in the management of HIV infection Effects on oral and dental structures This drug may produce oral ulceration Effects on patient management Sensitive handling of the underlying disease state is essential Excellent preventive dentistry and regular examinations are important in patients suffering from HIV, as dental infections are best avoided HIV will interfere with postoperative healing and antibiotic prophylaxis prior to oral surgery may be advisable Drug interactions None of importance in dentistry Acamprosate calcium (Campral EC) Description An anti-dependence drug Indications Used in the management of alcohol dependence Effects on oral and dental structures None known Effects on patient management A history of alcohol dependence may cause bleeding disorders and affect drug metabolism Drug interactions None relevant www.pdflobby.com 420 ZOLPIDEM TARTRATE • ZOPICLONE Effects on oral and dental structures This drug can produce a xerostomia Effects on patient management As this drug is for short term use only, xerostomia should not create long-term management problems Avoid stimuli which may induce migraine, such as directly shining the dental light in the patient’s eyes The use of dark glasses may be of benefit to the patient Drug interactions Combined therapy with monoamine oxidase inhibitors or selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors increases central nervous system toxicity Other antimigraine drugs such as other 5HT1 agonists and ergotamine derivatives should not be administered until at least six hours after zolmitriptan, to avoid severe vasoconstriction Zolpidem tartrate (Stilnoct) Description An imidazopyridine hypnotic Indications Short term treatment of insomnia Effects on oral and dental structures Xerostomia and taste alteration can occur Effects on patient management As the drug is only used short term xerostomia should not produce significant problems, however a preventive regimen may be considered This drug can produce dizziness, ataxia, amnesia and tremors all of which may make treatment more difficult; an escort may be required Drug interactions There is an additive effect with alcohol The benzodiazepine antagonist flumazenil reverses the action of zolpidem Zopiclone (Zimovane) Description A cyclopyrrolone hypnotic Indications Used in the short term management of insomnia Effects on oral and dental structures Xerostomia and taste alteration (metallic or bitter taste) can occur www.pdflobby.com ZOTEPINE 421 Effects on patient management As the drug is only used short term xerostomia should not produce significant problems, however a preventive regimen may be considered Dizziness, lack of co-ordination and amnesia will make management difficult and an escort may be required Some patients may become aggressive Drug interactions Erythromycin accelerates the absorption of zopiclone, thus speeding up the hypnotic effect Zotepine (Zoleptil) Description An atypical antipsychotic drug Indications Used in the treatment of schizophrenia Effects on oral and dental structures Xerostomia and uncontrollable oro-facial muscle activity (tardive dyskenesia) may be produced Alternatively hypersalivation may occur Effects on patient management Xerostomia may increase caries incidence and thus a preventive regimen is important If the xerostomia is severe, artificial saliva may be indicated Uncontrollable muscle movement of jaws and tongue as well as the underlying psychotic condition may interfere with management, as satisfactory co-operation may not be achieved readily There may be problems with denture retention and certain stages of denture construction (e.g jaw registration) can be difficult This drug may cause blood dyscrasias Thrombocytopenia may cause postoperative bleeding If the platelet count is low (