The United Nations is an international organization founded in 1945. It is currently made up of 193 Member States. The mission and work of the United Nations are guided by the purposes and principles contained in its founding Charter. The United Nations can take action on the issues confronting humanity, such as: peace and security, climate change, sustainable development, human rights, disarmament, terrorism, humanitarian and health emergencies, gender equality, governance, food production, and more.
I THE UNITED NATIONS - - - The United Nations is an international organization founded in 1945 It is currently made up of 193 Member States The mission and work of the United Nations are guided by the purposes and principles contained in its founding Charter The United Nations can take action on the issues confronting humanity, such as: peace and security, climate change, sustainable development, human rights, disarmament, terrorism, humanitarian and health emergencies, gender equality, governance, food production, and more The UN's Chief Administrative Officer is the Secretary-General The UN also provides a forum for its members to express their views in the General Assembly, the Security Council, the Economic and Social Council, and other bodies and committees By enabling dialogue between its members, and by hosting negotiations, the Organization has become a mechanism for governments to find areas of agreement and solve problems together 2020 marks the 75th anniversary of the United Nations II Main Organs The main organs of the UN are the General Assembly, the Security Council, the Economic and Social Council, the Trusteeship Council, the International Court of Justice, and the UN Secretariat All were established in 1945 when the UN was founded General Assembly - All 193 Member States of the Organization are represented in the General Assembly - one of the six main organs of the UN - to discuss and work together on a wide array of international issues covered by the Charter of the United Nations, such as development, peace and security, international law,… Decisions on important questions, require have to agree a two-thirds majority Member States of the General Assembly - Every year in September, all the Members meet in this unique forum at Headquarters in New York for the General Assembly session - Sitting arrangements in the General Assembly Hall change for each session - The General Assembly, each year, elects a GA President to serve a one-year term of office Security Council - The Security Council has primary responsibility for the maintenance of international peace and security - There are 15 Members in SC (5 permanent and 10 non-permanent members) Each Member has one vote, all Member States are obligated to comply with Council decisions - The Security Council takes the lead in determining the existence of a threat to the peace or act of aggression It calls upon the parties to a dispute to settle it by peaceful means and recommends methods of adjustment or terms of settlement In some cases, the Security Council can resort to imposing sanctions or even authorize the use of force to maintain or restore international peace and security - The Security Council has a Presidency, which rotates, and changes, every month Economic and Social Council - The Economic and Social Council is the principal body for coordination, policy review, policy dialogue and recommendations on economic, social and environmental issues, as well as implementation of internationally agreed development goals - It has 54 Members, elected by the General Assembly for three-year terms It is the United Nations’ central platform for reflection, debate, and innovative thinking on sustainable development - ECOSOC was established by the UN Charter (1945) ECOSOC membership is based on geographic representation: 14 seats are allocated to Africa, 11 to Asia, to eastern Europe, 10 to Latin America and the Caribbean, and 13 to western Europe and other areas - Decisions are taken by simple majority vote - The presidency of ECOSOC changes annually - Most of ECOSOC’s work is performed in functional commissions on topics such as human rights, narcotics, population, social development, statistics, the status of women, and science and technology; the council also oversees regional commissions for Europe, Asia and the Pacific, Western Asia, Latin America, and Africa - The UN charter allows ECOSOC to grant consultative status to nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) Trusteeship Council - The Trusteeship Council was established in 1945 by the UN Charter, under Chapter XIII, to provide international supervision for 11 Trust Territories that had been placed under the administration of seven Member States, and ensure that adequate steps were taken to prepare the Territories for self -government and independence - By 1994, all Trust Territories had attained self-government or independence The Trusteeship Council suspended operation on November 1994 ( “By a resolution adopted on 25 May 1994, the Council amended its rules of procedure to drop the obligation to meet annually and agreed to meet as occasion required by its decision or the decision of its President, or at the request of a majority of its members or the General Assembly or the Security Council.” thơng tin bổ sung, khơng nói ) - Trusteeship Council is one of the main organs of the United Nations and assigned to it the task of supervising the administration of Trust Territories placed under the Trusteeship System - The main goals of the System were to promote the advancement of the inhabitants of Trust Territories and their progressive development towards self-government or independence The Trusteeship Council is made up of the five permanent members of the Security Council China, France, the Russian Federation, the United Kingdom and the United States - Under the Charter, the Trusteeship Council is authorized to examine and discuss reports from the Administering Authority on the political, economic, social and educational advancement of the peoples of Trust Territories and, in consultation with the Administering Authority, to examine petitions from and undertake periodic and other special missions to Trust Territories - At the beginning of each session the Trusteeship Council elects a President and a Vice-President from among the representatives of the members of the Council International Court of Justice The seat of the Court is at the Peace Palace in The Hague (Netherlands) Of the six principal organs of the United Nations, it is the only one not located in New York (United States of America) - The International Court of Justice is the principal judicial organ of the United Nations - The Court’s role is to settle, in accordance with international law, legal disputes submitted to it by States and to give advisory opinions on legal questions referred to it by authorized United Nations organs and specialized agencies - The International Court of Justice is composed of 15 judges elected to nine-year terms of office by the United Nations General Assembly and the Security Council Moreover, the Court as a whole must represent the main forms of civilization and the principal legal systems of the world These organs vote simultaneously but separately - In order to ensure a measure of continuity, one third of the Court is elected every three years Judges are eligible for re-election Secretariat - The Secretariat comprises the Secretary-General and tens of thousands of international UN staff members who carry out the day-to-day work of the UN as mandated by the General Assembly and the Organization's other principal organs - The Secretariat carries out the substantive and administrative work of the United Nations as directed by the General Assembly, the Security Council and the other organs At its head is the Secretary-General, who provides overall administrative guidance - The main functions of the - Secretariat are: + To gather and prepare background information on various issues so that government delegates can study the facts and make recommendations + To help carry out the decisions made by the different organs of the United Nations + To organize international conferences + To translate speeches and distribute documents into the UN’s official languages +To keep the public informed about the work of the United Nations - Under the Charter, each Member State undertakes to respect the exclusively international character of the responsibilities of the Secretary-General and the staff and to refrain from seeking to influence them improperly in the discharge of their duties - The Secretary-General is appointed by the General Assembly on the recommendation of the Security Council for a period of five years the Secretary-General is a symbol of United Nations ideals and a spokesman for the interests of the world's peoples - The Secretary-General’s functions include: + Bringing any problem that threatens world peace to the attention of the Security Council + Proposing issues to be discussed by the General + Assembly or any other organ of the United Nations + Acting as a referee in disputes between Member States - Each Secretary-General also defines his role within the context of his particular time in office Leadership The current Secretary-General of the UN, and the ninth occupant of the post, is Mr António Guterres of Portugal, who took office on January 2017 The UN Charter describes the Secretary-General as "chief administrative officer" of the Organization Funds, Programmes, Specialized Agencies and Others - The UN system is made up of the UN itself and many programmes, funds, and specialized agencies, all with their own leadership and budget - The programmes and funds are financed through voluntary III UN IN VIỆT NAM ( phần cịn thời gian nói thống qua, khơng thơi ) Special UN programmes not included in the regular budget, such as UNICEF and the World Food Programme, are financed by voluntary contributions from member governments, corporations, and private individuals UN and the Nobel Peace Prize In 70 years, the United Nations, its specialised agencies, related agencies, funds, programmes and staff were awarded the prestigious Nobel Peace Prize eleven times One agency, the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) received the famous prize in both 1954 and 1981 Two SecretariesGeneral, Kofi Annan and Dag Hammarskjöld, were also honoured for their work by the Norwegian Nobel Committee UN and Vietnam On September 20, 1977, Vietnam became an official member of the United Nations (UN) This marked the recognition by the largest global organisation and the international community of a peaceful, unified, independent, free and democratic Vietnam Over the past four decades, Vietnam and the UN have always strived to nurture and build an increasingly better cooperative relationship with positive results and great potential for development Vietnam has received tremendous support from the UN and its members and demonstrated itself as an active and responsible member of the international community After the liberation of the south and national reunification, Vietnam had to both deal with severe war consequences and reorganise its poor and backward economy and gradually restore production Joining the UN was a great event that helped Vietnam establish its stature in the international arena Vietnam has made a contribution to protecting the cause of peace, development and progress and has taken full advantage of the great spiritual and material support from international organisations for the reconstruction of the country during the tough years following the war and sanctions ... among the representatives of the members of the Council International Court of Justice The seat of the Court is at the Peace Palace in The Hague (Netherlands) Of the six principal organs of the United. .. independence The Trusteeship Council is made up of the five permanent members of the Security Council China, France, the Russian Federation, the United Kingdom and the United States - Under the Charter,... the United Nations, it is the only one not located in New York (United States of America) - The International Court of Justice is the principal judicial organ of the United Nations - The Court’s