The use of brodifacoum and bromadiolone to control rattus population by pt etos indonusa at dr mohammad hoesin hospital palembang indonesia

THAI NGUYEN UNIVERSITY UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURE AND FORESTRY DWI UTARI THE USE OF BRODIFACOUM AND BROMADIOLONE TO CONTROL RATTUS POPULATION BY PT ETOS INDONUSA AT DR MOHAMMAD HOESIN PALEMBANG INDONESIA BACHELOR THESIS Study Mode : Full-Time Major : Environmental Science and Management Faculty : Advanced Education Program Batch : 2015-2018 Type : On-The-Job Training (OJT) Thai Nguyen, 07/11/2018 DOCUMENTATION PAGE WITH ABSTRACT Thai Nguyen University of Agriculture and Forestry Degree Program Bachelor of Environmental Science and Management Student Name Dwi Utari Student ID DTN1454290102A Thesis Title The Use of Brodifacoum and Bromadiolone to Control Rattus Population By PT Etos Indonusa at Dr Mohammad Hoesin Hospital Palembang Indonesia Supervisor (s) Prof Dr Nguyen The Hung Dadang Hermansyah S.P Supervisor (s) Signature Abstract : Dr Mohammad Hoesin Hospital in Palembang is one of the largest hospitals in the city of Palembang under the auspices of the Indonesian Ministry of Health Located in the city center of Palembang, The hospital potential affected by pests that disrupt the functional continuity of the hospital One of the most common pests is Rattus Norvegicus, Rattus Rattus Linaeus, and Mus Musculus which come from various factors such as hospital sanitation, location of the hospital adjacent to the market, hospital canteen or densely populated residential area In the form of maintaining environmental sanitation and prevent the transmission of disease at Dr.Mohammad Hoesin hospital, the hospital decided to use pest control services from PT Etos Indonusa In terms of rodenticides PT Etos Indonusa use Brodifacoum and Bromadiolone to overcome the rodents and to know the effectiveness of the substances Keywords PT.Etos Indonusa, Brodifacoum,Bromadiolone, Rattus Norvegicus, Rattus Rattus Linaeus, Mus Musculus Number of Pages 48 Date of Submission September 25, 2018 i ACKNOWLEDGMENT In the Name of Allah, the most Gracious, the most Merciful all praises be to Allah, king of the king, the Lord of the world, and the master of the day after, who has given us blessing and guidance Because of His graciousness and mercifulness the writer can write well The writer realizes and feels very sure that without His blessing, mercy, and guidance, it would be possible for herself to finish the report Foremost, I would like to express my sincere gratitude to my advisor Assoc Prof Dr Nguyen The Hung and Dadang Hermansyah S.P for the continuous support of my bachelor study and on-job training, for his patience, motivation, enthusiasm, and immense knowledge His guidance helped me in all the time of research and writing of this thesis I could not have imagined having a better advisor and mentor for my bachelor study Besides my advisors, I would like to thank PT Etos Indonusa because it has accepted me as an internship student for months Especially for the goodness of Mr Leo Agusta and Mr Kalla Thanks also to the only female friend in the office, Ms Nabila Asri who often lunches together and chat like a friends In addition, thanks to Mr Irwin and Mr Deden who are ready to help when experiencing difficulties Also thank you for the “KuntulaOperator” Eko, Agus, Mirza, Mr.Agung, and all operators who always patiently guide while on the field My sincere thanks also goes to special person Mr.Fajri Ramdhani who are always remind me everytime to finish my report Another big thanks to Dr.Arinafril Naalim who are never ever tired give advices, Thai Nguyen Squad,Vietnamese Friends, and Filipino Friends such as ii Nuna, Jombang, Dicky, Nafila, Ilham, Amana, Deasy, Septi, Kadek, Adek Phuong, Chi Thao Kem, Chi Yen, Charm, Alex, Hannah, Nicole, Jeanne, AJ, Luis etc for make my student life in Vietnam more colourfull Last but not the least, I would like to thank my family: Mamak and Abah, Yuk Eka, Heru,Diana, Kakak and Adek for supporting me spiritually throughout my life iii TABLE OF CONTENT DOCUMENTATION PAGE WITH ABSTRACT i ACKNOWLEDGMENT ii TABLE OF CONTENT iv LIST OF FIGURES LIST OF TABLE LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS .3 CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background 1.2 Aims .6 1.3 Objectives .6 1.3.1 For Student 1.3.2 For University 1.4 Time and Places 1.5 Content Of Work 1.6 Profile of PT Etos Indonusa Company 1.6.1 PT Etos Indonusa History .9 1.6.2 PT ETOS INDONUSA LOGO .10 1.6.3 Business scope 11 1.6.4 Vision and Mission 11 1.6.5 Quality Policy 12 1.6.6 Work Culture 12 1.6.7 Branch and adress 12 iv 1.7 Pest Control in Dr Mohammad Hoesin's Public Hospital 15 1.8 Schedule of Activities 15 CHAPTER II LITTERATURE REVIEW .17 2.1 Vector Identification 17 2.2 Classification 17 2.3 Biology .18 2.4 Morfology 19 CHAPTER III THE USE OF BRODIFACOUM AND BROMADIOLONE AT DR MOHAMMAD HOESIN HOSPITAL 26 3.1.1 Mapping Area 26 3.2 Data collection 27 3.2.1 Primary Data 27 3.2.2 Secondary Data 27 3.3 Methods 28 3.3.1 Data Analysis 28 3.3.2 General Training PT.Etos Indonusa 28 CHAPTER IV RESULT AND DISSCUSION 30 4.1 Result and Disscusion 30 CHAPTER V CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS 35 5.1 Conclusions 35 5.2 Recommendations 35 REFERENCES 36 APPENDICES 39 v LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1.1 Office of PT.Etos Indonusa Source : Google Earth Figure 1.2 Dr Mohammad Hoesin's central public hospital Source : Google Earth Figure 1.3 PT Etos Indonusa Logo Source : Etos.co.id 10 Figure 1.4 Mascot of PT Etos Indonusa Source : Etos.co.id 11 Figure 2.1 Several types of rodentia are based on their shape and size Source: Pinterest 19 Figure 3.1 Mapping area for EBS and EBB installation .27 Figure 4.1 Mortality of Rats .30 LIST OF TABLE Table 1.1 The time table of On-job training .15 Table 2.1 Scientific Classification 18 Table 2.1 Scientific Classification Error! Bookmark not defined Table 2.2 Morfology of Rattus 20 Table 4.1 Mortality of Rat Pest in March 30 Table 4.2 Mortality of Rat Pest in April 32 Table 4.3 Mortality of Rat Pest in May 33 LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS ASSPHAMI Association of Indonesian Pest Management Companies CFR Case Fatality Rate DIKLAT Pendidikan dan Pelatihan EBB Etos Black Box EBS Etos Black Station ETOS Ethology System EQS Equipment Supply HM House Mouse ILS International Leptospirosis Society ISO International Organization for Standardization KESLING Kesehatan Lingkungan NPMA National Pest Management Association NR Norway Rat PT Perseroan Terbatas RBF Rat-Bit Fever RR Roof Rat WHO World Health Organization CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background The hospital is a health service facility for health recovery or can be a place of transmission of diseases and enable the occurrence of environmental pollution and health problems Transmission of diseases that occur can be caused by many factors including many disturbing pests such as insects or rodents that breed in the hospital environment In overcoming this, the hospital carries out pest control which is assisted by pest control services according to environmental health quality standards that have been determined by the Indonesian Ministry of Health (PP Ministry of Health No 50/2017) Rat (Rattus) is a rodent that can be detrimental A significant loss in relation to the health of patients or non-patients in hospitals is that mice can act as vectors of several infectious diseases The disease transmitted by mice is known as zoonosis, a disease that is transmitted by vertebrate animals to humans naturally (Winarno, 1996) Rodensia is not only harmful to health but can also cause major damage to buildings, foodstuffs, and other commodities Besides causing disease, the animal is also detrimental because it often damages plants (eg rice), damages clothing and other items (Chandra, 2007) Dr Mohammad Hoesin Hospital was established in 1953 as a community service center in Palembang city and became the main referral hospital in South Sumatra, Indonesia As a hospital located in the heart of the city and adjacent to markets and residential areas, Dr Mohammad Hoesin's hospital has an unfavorable impact related to environmental sanitation, one of the problems faced is the increasing number of rat populations along with the rapid development around the population of Roof rats (Rattus rattus Linnaeus) not found in any area Furthermore, direct observations have been done and can be concluded that in May the rat population was tripled compared to April Several factors werefound through direct observation Construction and improvement of Park and building construction can be factors in the presence of rats In addition, lack of cleaning service staff can be one of the causes of the increasing number of rat populations 34 CHAPTER V CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS 5.1 Conclusions Based on observations and the results of the use of brodifacoum, bromadiolone and type of rodensides, it was found that this active ingredient was effective in reducing rat population This was seen from the mortality of 59 rats on March, April, May which had the effect of death on three types of mice, namely Rattus Norvegicus, Rattus Rattus Linnaeus, and Mus Musculus The mortality of each mouse had the same symptoms but was found in different times and places Observation results shows that the highest mortality rate of mice was highest in March In addition, in May there was a significant increase in the number of house mouse from the previous month which was most likely due to the construction being repaired 5.2 Recommendations In this case it is important to continue the research on rodensides which are more effective in dealing with mouse deaths Some of the findings of dead mice show decaying symptoms and this interferes with sanitation and the comfort of the environment This can be carried out further research in finding active ingredients that are better in overcoming problems and useful for the contribution of science relate to rodenticide 35 REFERENCES Assimina, Zavitsanou (2008) Leptospirosis: Epidemiology And Preventive Measures Health Science Journal, 2(1): 75 -82 Bennet, SM (2002) Bromadiolone Piedpiper: http://www.the-piedpiper.co.uk/th15 [accessed July 25 2018] Chandra, Dr Budiman (2007) ‘Introduction to Environmental’ [Pengantar Kesehatan Lingkungan] Jakarta: medical book publisher,pp.124 Craciun, A.M, Groenen-van Dooren, M.M.,Thijssen, H.H., Vermeer, C ( 1998) Induction of prothrombin synthesis by K-vitamins compared in vitamin Kdeficient and in brodifacoum-treated rats Biochim Biophys Acta 1998,1380(1), 75–81 (PDF) Toxic potential of superwarfarin: Brodifacoum Available from: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/284726914_Toxic_potential_of_sup erwarfarin_Brodifacoum [accessed July 18 2018] Depkes, RI (1983) ‘Sanitation Guidelines for Public Places’ [Pedoman Sanitasi Tempat Umum] Jakarta : Depkes, RI Iskandar, A (1989) ‘Eradication of Insects and Disturbing Animals’ [Pemberantasan Serangga dan Binatang Pengganggu] Jakarta : Pusdiknakes Kate, Gaynor (2007) Leptospirosis On Oahu: An Outbreak Associated With Flooding Of A University Campus Am J Trop Med Hyg, 76(5): 882-886 Mohamed A Aldakhil (1999) Efficacy of three anticoagulant rodenticides against Rattus rattus and Meriones libycus under laboratory conditions Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences, 2: 1110-1112 36 PT Etos Indonusa (2017) ‘Pest Control Book’ [Buku Pegendalian Hama] Jakarta:PT.Etos Indonusa,pp 2-5 Robin A Helmuth, Donald W McCloskey, David J Doedens, Dean A Hawley; Fatal Ingestion of a Brodifacoum-Containing Rodenticide, Laboratory Medicine, Volume 20, Issue 1, January 1989, Pages 25– 27, https://doi.org/10.1093/labmed/20.1.25 Rowe FP, Redfern R Toxicity tests on suspected warfarin resistant house mice (Mus musculus L.) J Hyg (Lond) 1965 Sep;63(3):417–425 Rowe, F., Swinney, T., & Plant, C (1978) Field trials of brodifacoum (WBA 8119) against the house mouse (Mus musculus L.) Journal of Hygiene, 81(2), 197201 doi:10.1017/S002217240002502X Soemirat J (2005) ‘Environmental Health’ [Kesehatan Lingkungan] Yogyakarta: Gadjah Mada University Press; 2014 Retrivied from http://lib.ugm.ac.id/ Swastiko (1963) ‘Indonesian settlement pest’ [Tikus Hama Pemukiman Indonesia] Bogor: Intitute Pertanian Bogor,pp 195-258 WHO Environmental Health Criteria 175 - Anticoagulant Rodenticides; International Programme on Chemical Safety, World Health Organization: Geneva, Switzerland, 1995 Wick, K.; Bond, C.; Buhl, K.; Stone, D 2013 Bromadiolone General Fact Sheet; National Pesticide Information Center, Oregon State University Extension Services http://npic.orst.edu/factsheets/bromadgen.html Winarno, F.G (1996) ‘Warehouse pests and eradication techniques’ [Hama gudang dan teknik pemberantasannya] Jakarta: Mbrio Press;2006,pp.149-150 37 World Health Organization Promotion of Chemical Safety Unit & Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (1996) WHO/FAO data sheet on pesticides no.88, Bromadiolone Geneva : World Health Organization http://www.who.int/iris/handle/10665/63287 World Health Organization.(2017,October 31) ‘Vector-borne disease’ Retrivied from http://www.who.int/ 38 APPENDICES Period of March Norway Rat Roof Rat House Mouse (Mice) Day 1 0 Day 0 Day 3 0 Day Day 2 Day Day 0 Day 0 Day 0 Day 10 0 Day 11 0 Day 12 1 Day 13 0 Day 14 0 Day 15 0 Day 16 0 Day 17 1 Day 18 0 Day 19 0 Day 20 Day 21 0 Day 22 0 Day 23 Day 24 Day 25 0 Day 26 1 Day 27 0 Day 28 0 Day 29 Day 30 0 Day 31 0 Total 29 11 Appendix, Table 3.1 Processing the data by using Microsoft Excel Appendix, Table 3.2 The distribution of Brodifacoum and Bromadiolone Time Type of Poison Dosage EBS and EBB March Day Brodifacoum and April May 3000gr None None None None None Bromadiolone Day Brodifacoum and Bromadiolone Day Brodifacoum and None None 3000gr None None None None 3000gr None None None None None None None 3000gr None None None None None None None 3000gr None None None None 3000gr None None None None None None None Bromadiolone Day Brodifacoum and Bromadiolone Day Brodifacoum and Bromadiolone Day Brodifacoum and Bromadiolone Day Brodifacoum and Bromadiolone Day Brodifacoum and Bromadiolone Day Brodifacoum and Bromadiolone Day 10 Brodifacoum and Bromadiolone Day 11 Brodifacoum and Bromadiolone Day 12 Brodifacoum and Bromadiolone Day 13 Brodifacoum and Bromadiolone Day 14 Brodifacoum and Bromadiolone Day 15 Brodifacoum and 3000gr None None None None None None None 3000gr None None None None 3000gr None None None None None None None 3000gr None None None None None None None 3000gr None None None Bromadiolone Day 16 Brodifacoum and Bromadiolone Day 17 Brodifacoum and Bromadiolone Day 18 Brodifacoum and Bromadiolone Day 19 Brodifacoum and Bromadiolone Day 20 Brodifacoum and Bromadiolone Day 21 Brodifacoum and Bromadiolone Day 22 Brodifacoum and Bromadiolone Day 23 Brodifacoum and Bromadiolone Day 24 Brodifacoum and Bromadiolone Day 25 Brodifacoum and Bromadiolone Day 26 Brodifacoum and None 3000gr None None None None None None None 3000gr None None None None None None X 3000gr Bromadiolone Day 27 Brodifacoum and Bromadiolone Day 28 Brodifacoum and Bromadiolone Day 29 Brodifacoum and Bromadiolone Day 30 Brodifacoum and Bromadiolone Day 31 Brodifacoum and Bromadiolone Total 15000gr 12000gr 15000gr Appendix, Figure Brodifacoum Appendix, Figure Bromadiolone Appendix, Figure Monitoring of EBB (Etos Black Box) Appendix, Figure Monitoring EBS (Etos Bait Station) Appendix, Figure Norway Rats found in Corridor area Appendix, Figure House Mouse found in Diklat (Education and training) area Appendix, Figure Roof Rats found in ceiling Appendix, Figure Rats nest in the garden Appendix, Figure Spray Lavender for reduce bad odor ... produced by PT Etos Indonusa in handling pests In the case at Dr Mohammad Hoesin, PT Etos Indonusa uses Brodifacoum and Bromadiolone to reduce the number of rat populations Brodifacoum and Bromadiolone. .. Thesis Title The Use of Brodifacoum and Bromadiolone to Control Rattus Population By PT Etos Indonusa at Dr Mohammad Hoesin Hospital Palembang Indonesia Supervisor (s) Prof Dr Nguyen The Hung Dadang... the transmission of disease at Dr. Mohammad Hoesin hospital, the hospital decided to use pest control services from PT Etos Indonusa In terms of rodenticides PT Etos Indonusa use Brodifacoum and