Model designation for waste source separation a case study in nguyen hue primary school

THAI NGUYEN UNIVERSITY UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURE AND FORESTRY NGUYEN THI THUONG TOPIC TITLE: MODEL DESIGNATION FOR WASTE SOURCE SEPARATION: A CASE STUDY IN NGUYEN HUE PRIMARY SCHOOL BACHELOR THESIS Study Mode : Full-time Major : Environmental Science and Management Faculty : International Training and Development Center Batch : 2011- 2015 Thai Nguyen, September 2015 Thai Nguyen University of Agriculture and Forestry Degree Program Bachelor of Environmental Science and Management Student Name Nguyen Thi Thuong Student ID DTN1153110065 Thesis Title Supervisor Model Designation For Waste Source Separation: A Case Study In Nguyen Hue Primary School Dr Duong Van Thao Abstract: One major challenge faced by Thai Nguyen is dealing with the enormous amount of municipal solid waste generated Source separation is considered an effective means of reducing waste and enhancing recycling This study is conducted to study on building a model for sorting waste initially in Nguyen Hue Primary Schools, which is suitable to its practical conditions The main results are concerned with the volumes and components of school waste, current situations in collecting and controlling solid wastes and the evaluation of students’ knowledge and awareness in waste and its source separation This research also presents some appropriate propaganda contents such as compact disks, pamphlets, booklets… and the assessment of their impacts on the student’s knowledge, awareness and actions With the studied results, a model for waste separation will be suggested in this research The waste source separation can not sucessful in short time, this study tend to change students’ knowledge, awareness and practices about waste separation on daily life The model of the study is expected to help the students to see their knowledge and practices can be an essential part in waste source separation Keywords Waste Source Separation, Design, Model, Primary School Number of Pages 43 Date of Submission September 30, 2015 ii ACKNOWLEDGMENT The author wishes to extend her grateful appreciation to the following people for their valuable contribution in order to make this research possible First and foremost, to her family especially to her parents for their unconditional love and support in order to fulfill the author’s dreams To her thesis adviser, Dr Duong Van Thao for sharing and teaching his study which provided the author a wider knowledge for doing research To teachers and students in Nguyen Hue Primary School for their warm welcome and for providing her an excellent atmosphere for doing the research To Mr Nguyen Van Tue Director of Environmental Resources Department of Thai Nguyen City for helping the author during internship Lastly, the author offers her regards and blessings to all of those who supported her in any respect during the completion of the thesis Thai Nguyen, July 2015 Student Nguyen Thi Thuong iii TABLE OF CONTENT LIST OF FIGURES .1 LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS .3 PART I INTRODUCTION 1.1 Research Rationale 1.2 Objectives of the Study 1.2.1 General Objective 1.2.2 Specific Objectives of the Study 1.3 Research Question and Hypothesis .6 1.4 Scope and Limiation of the Study 1.5 Significance of the Study PART II LITERATURE REVIEW 2.1 Overview of Waste 2.2 The Impact of Waste on The Environment and Community Health 11 2.2.1 Influence of Waste on the Air 12 2.2.2 Influence of Waste on the Aquatic Environment 13 2.2.3 Influence of Waste to Land Environment 13 2.2.4 Influence of Waste on Human Health 14 2.3 The Situation Management, Waste Treatment in Thai Nguyen 15 2.4 Some Experience Category of Waste Source Separation in The World 16 2.4.1 Experience of Japan 16 2.4.2 Experience of Thailand 18 2.5 Learn Lessons to Vietnam 19 PART III METHODS 21 3.1 Material .21 3.2 Sampling Size and Sampling Techiques .21 3.3 Data Collection 22 iv 3.4 Data Analysis 22 PART IV RESULTS 23 4.1 Percentage of Demographic Characteristics of the Population in Nguyen Hue Primary School 23 4.2 Percentage of Demographic Characteristics of the Respondents .24 4.3 Volume and composition of waste in school 24 4.4 The Status Waste Management and Waste Collection Methods in School 25 4.5 The Knowledge and Awareness of Students about Waste and WSS 26 4.5.1 Awareness, Knowledge of Students on Waste 26 4.5.2 Awareness and Knowledge of Students about WSS 27 4.6 Design Propaganda Forms Based on Student Opinion - To Assess The Effectiveness 30 4.7 Assessing Propaganda Product Through The Teacher's Comment 33 4.8 Building A Model of Waste Source Separation in Primary Schools in Thai Nguyen City .34 PART V DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION 36 5.1 Discussion 36 5.1.1 Classification of Waste in School 36 5.1.2 The Effectiveness of Propaganda on the Awareness’s Students on Waste and Waste Separation .37 5.2 Conclusion 38 REFERENCES 40 APPENDICE 42 Survey Questionnaire 42 v LIST OF FIGURES Figure 4.1 The percentage of waste components…………………………………… 25 Figure 4.2 The percentage of propaganda forms…………………………………… 30 Figure 4.3 Chart comparing distinguish between before and after propaganda………31 Figure 4.4 Waste Source Separation Model………………………………………… 34 LIST OF TABLES Table 2.1 The Amount of Household Waste in Thai Nguyen Province…… ……….16 Table 4.1 The demography of Nguyen Hue population………………………….… 23 Table 4.2 Demographic information of Ethnic……………………………………… 23 Table 4.3 Percentage of Demographic Characteristics of the Respondents………… 24 Table 4.4 The percentage of students about Waste Source Separation……………….26 Table 4.5 The percentage of students who know about waste……………………….28 LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS Abbreviation Meaning WSS Waste Source Separation PSS Primary School Student ESR Environmental Status Report NHPS Nguyen Hue Primary School MONRE Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment DEBMA Department of Environment Bangkok Metropolitan Administration WMRD Waste Management and Recylcing Department PART I INTRODUCTION This chapter presents the background and rationale of the study, the objectives, scope and limitation as well as the significance of the study 1.1 Research Rationale During Social- Economic development, Urbanization - Industrialization had going on very strongly in Viet Nam in general and Thai Nguyen in particular, many pressing environmental problems that arose in connection activities relate to people's livelihood, industry and the impact on sustainable development including municipal solid waste is one of the most important issues The population of Thai Nguyen city is 306.842 people(2015), the total amount of waste generated is about 45 thousand tons annually (the average amount of waste is 0.5 kg/ person/ day), including the number of students in the city (MONRE, 2011) So far, the total amount of solid waste, after being collected from various waste sources (households, markets, shopping centers, offices, schools, health facilities) are transported to Da Mai landfill of Tan Cuong village Nowadays in Thai Nguyen city, in general the collection of waste has occurred in the traditional way: the entire waste is collected and taken to the burial place or processed depending on type of waste In doing so, it will cause some of the corollary:  Burial area is increasing due to the volume of waste is increasing  Working in treated and processed in landfills as well as processing plants are costly to separate and process for each component Due to require problem solving narrowing down land fund and utilize recycled, reused materials, so waste management in Thai Nguyen should be operated under two requirements:  Firstly, limits the minimum amount of waste generated  Secondary, limits the minimum amount of waste buried and increases maximum amount of waste to recycle and process The first requirement, the minimum the amount of waste generated can rely on scientific and technological progress if it is waste generated in the industry production However, for waste arises from households (household waste), it is a difficult problem, the reality is not feasible because of the following reasons:  Firstly, population growth in the city are increasing, so the quantity of waste generated will be more and more  Secondary, people's lives have been increasingly, the amount of waste generated will be increased Therefore, we should focus on solving requirements" restrictions at the minimum amount of waste bring to the landfill and increase the maximum amount of waste bring recycling and processing" To implement this requirement, we have access to a very effective way to that most of the advanced countries of the world have already applied as an effective way of managing the most to garbage operation That is the "Waste Source Separation" It refers to the separation of municipal solid waste into several categories at the generation source according to the different characteristics of each material befor further treatment Currently, Thai Nguyen is piloting Waste Source Separation program in whole city There are 100 percentage of students have heard the program However, they really not know that what is the benefit of this program They know the program from the main source of information is television, radio, newspapers (11%), internet (6.6%), from parents (13.4%) and from the school (69%) However, most of these students are not understand about WSS, the purpose of waste separation and the way wastes treatmented after sorting During the design and propaganda should add this knowledge to student Percentage of students who know benefit of WSS program is relatively high (91.3%) However primary school students have simple awareness about the benefits of waste separation After conducting the survey in class, the results showed that the number of students can distinguish between the two types of waste were only (40.7%), while the students can’t classify (9.6%) and did not distinguish or confuse biodegradable garbage and hardly biodegradable (49.7%) There are 85% of students aware the benefits of this program so very interested and willing to participate without obligation Some students not like this program because students have too much class time, students not aware the benefits of the program and not want to participate, or only join when there's compulsory of school The research process was piloted for students separate waste into two categories: biodegradable garbage and hardly biodegradable within a week Most students are confused because students are still not fully understand and distinguish between two types of garbage These results matches with the assessment through questionnaires 29 4.6 Design Propaganda Forms Based on Student Opinion - To Assess The Effectiveness Figure 4.2 The percentage of propaganda forms To raise awareness and knowledge of the student with the appropriate form, we have surveyed three forms of propaganda which the student wishes: short film (32%), pamphlets (15.4%) and booklets (19%) There are 33.6% of all students want to propaganda through all the forms Hence, we should design various propaganda forms and combine waste separation practice in the extracurricular time, integrated into the lessons that achieve the best performance Most students want a short film, pamphlets, booklets includes key issues: the concept of waste, collection diagram, the harmful effects of waste on the environment, what WSS is, the way separation, benefits and disposal after sorting These criteria include a brief form, many pictures, understandable words, attractive and rich content, easy to use, beautiful presentation format 30 Within the scope of the article, along with the opinions collected from students, researchers designed a video, combined with a pamphlet and a booklet on waste and the waste classification of Ministry of Education, then used to propagate the pattern study and assessment of their impact on awareness, knowledge and behavior of students Results show that after propagation 100% of the students aware the waste is not discarded completely, it can be reused, recycled, students who know the harmful effects of waste if not collected and handled properly sufficiently increased 100% 100% the number of students after the communication has to understand the concept, the purpose of waste separation and disposal after sorting, the benefits of waste separation Figure 4.3 Chart comparing distinguish waste between before and after propaganda There are 78.9% of students can distinguish types of waste The ratio primary school students can’t distinguish and still confuse quite high because their perception are simple and the time propaganda was short If primary school students can 31 understand and distinguish we need to propaganda and guide they more Through investigation, they have to understand and see the benefits of participating in the classification, most children want to participation and also propaganda for relatives and friends together To conduct a pilot waste separation again, the results showed that most students were correctly classified In the early days, primary students lack of understanding, so they still confused, but the day after they were gradually classified correctly To assess the design is appropriate, to meet the requirements and students accept it or not, conducting survey opinion of student assessment The result, 70% of students said that the video has met their requirements for the content and form, provide to access information on waste separation in many forms: game, or the clips interesting and attractive There is 89% of students said that pamphlets have met the demand, easier to remember, colorful, beautiful form, comfortable However, 11% of students said that the content is poor, not meet demand For the booklets, most of the students like it because it is easy to use and support students need to know about waste separation completely and useful Appearence presents beautiful and logical with illustrations For the primary level, the form that students like most is short film (32%), pamphlets (15.4%) due to easy of use and gives a lot of knowledge, meet the demand of students 32 4.7 Assessing Propaganda Product Through The Teacher's Comment Most of the teachers have a good impression for the propagation and 100% of teachers said that these products are suitable for their ages, teachers will use and integrate into study For short film, with rich contents and forms, clear presentation, logical, clear and lively images can inspires students The short film has many pictures and reporting, so it affects to consciousness and raise awareness of students visually However, the CD should be built toward the organization - questions - answers - providing information Pamphlet has contents easy to understand, highly educational, presents each section clearly, brief and concise with visual image, lively, and very convenient for students to easily observe, use and remember If we want leaflets can be used for a long time, avoid to waterproof and tear should be laminated nylon Booklets have completely content, highly persuasive, new information, and present very detail, scientific with many diagram to suggest the students’ imagination However, booklets also have too many words, provide more information, but few illustrations so it fits with secondary and high school students rather than primary school students because their perception are simple and cannot get contents that handbook wants to convey To suit every student booklets need more photos illustrate and summarize the contents easy to understand 33 4.8 Building A Model of Waste Source Separation in Primary Schools in Thai Nguyen City Schools’ Wastes Stored and Classified in Class school Inorganic Waste Organic Waste Processing Compost Waste can be recycled, reuse The Rest of Components Fertilize Plant in School Preliminary Treatment Reuse Scavengers Recycling Facility Tranfer Station Sanitary Landfills Figure 4.4: Waste Source Separation Model As seen from diagram above, a model of waste source separation is very simple to understand and practice Model is suitable with the knowledge of students, infrastructure and management capacity of the schools To avoid making mistake when students separate waste, waste bins are classified for easier to put segregated waste; every waste bin/plastic has appropriate label that indicate what kind of waste By making waste source separation we have many economic benefits First, it takes clean materials to produce compost, money that we take from sale wastes (paper, cans, milk bottles…) can return to make waste separation foundation Taking advantage of 34 renewable solid waste recycle to help to conserve natural resources Besides, it also takes social benefits because the segregation activity of solid waste take form of perceptions in individual protected living environment Classification of solid wastes contributes to raising the awareness of students in environmental protection 35 PART V DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION This chapter presents the discussion and conclusion of the study 5.1 Discussion 5.1.1 Classification of Waste in School The classification of solid waste that is being generated by the school based on the documents given by Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment follow organic waste, inorganic waste and recyclable waste Organic wastes are all food waste: fruits and vegestable, rice, spoiled- food; nonrecyclable paper: paper napkins, paper towels, tea bag; plant material: floral clippings, grass clippings, leaves, weed Inorganic wastes are carton, container of milk, plastic bags Recyclable wastes are glass bottles and plastic bottles, paper and magazines The usual/general waste generation in the school with the total amount of 3551,3 kilograms The survey results of mass ratio of waste components in schools show that inorganic and recycling waste have a high percentage: plastic bag (6.9%), milk cartons (15.4 %), sticky rice box (12.9%), plastic bottles (13.2%), paper (14.7%) The amount of organic waste includes leaves and food waste with higher proportion (leftover food: 27.7%; leaves: 9.2%) In each classroom has three waste bin to classify waste forward types of waste and also on school yard too To avoid confusing waste separation of student waste bins are classify by color for easier waste segregation, and every waste bin/plastic has appropriate label that indicate what kind of waste 36 In schools, effective waste separation has many benefits Youngsters learn the key message of environmental responsibility, while managers can save money and enjoy improved environmental performance We aim to make waste separation in schools as simple, cost-effective and efficient as possible in order to sensitize school children at an early age to acquire the habit of sorting out waste and to compost their biodegradable waste at home In the long run, this will lead to a reduction in the quantity of wastes going to the landfill or the incinerator and a reduction in greenhouse gases 5.1.2 The Effectiveness of Propaganda on the Awareness’s Students on Waste and Waste Separation It is concluded that the level of awareness on waste and waste separation of primary students are all not highly aware after a model of WSS built Initially the student's understanding of waste is still very low 14.4%, but after the propagation 100% of students know can reuse and recycle waste Percentage of students who concern about WSS program is 64.3% However primary school students simple awareness of the benefits of waste separation After conducting the survey in class, the results showed that the initial number of students can distinguish between the two types of waste were 40.7 % However, students after were propagated the percentage of students increase to 78.9% There are 91.3% of students aware the benefits of this program and 85% of all students willing to participate without obligation Some students not like this program because students have too much class time, students not aware the benefits of the program and not want to participate, or only join when there's compulsory school 37 To improve awareness and knowledge of the student about waste separation, three forms of propaganda which the student want the most are short film (32%), pamphlets (15.4%) and booklets (19%) when 33,6% of all students want to propaganda through all the forms 5.2 Conclusion From the analysis and comments on the advantages and difficulties in the implementation of waste source separation, I would like to give some comments on this issue as follows: We should expand further propaganda the student and people to have a sense of participation in the work of municipal waste source separation by means of communication education, to conduct teaching students about environment issues and environmental protection since they are also primary students, to higher levels of education Combining environmental protection activities with daily life activities of the people creates for people more awareness of the environment and environmental protection Students can absorb and understand more about the benefits and how to classify waste, we should incorporate into the curriculum or extracurricular class by the small game about waste separation or funny video To conduct implementation of waste source separation effectively, it is necessary to have a specific legal basis, clearly legal document and regulations of personal responsibility towards communities and their own living environment The implementation of WSS must be carried out simultaneously with the creation of jobs 38 for scavenge freely people in the city, which requires the proper attention of the manager and the responsible person, the policy-makers There should be studies on appropriate technology with the actual situation of the locality to offer solutions to overcome the technical limitations making difficult for the workers in the process of garbage collection Equipment system needs to set logically in schools and households to avoid confusing when separate waste Especially, waste bins need to classify for easier waste segregation, every waste bin/plastic has appropriate label that indicate what kind of waste 39 REFERENCES Chinh, N.T (2006) Cost-benefit analysis Ha Noi National Economics University, Ha Noi Chuyen, P.K., & Thuy, N.V.C (2010) A Study on The Design of a Model for Source Waste Separatation at Schools in Da Nang City Journal of Science and Technology, Da Nang University 5(40), pp 39-45 Cong, N.Q., & Nhue, T.H (2003) The Pilot Study On The Organic Waste Management For The Bai Chay Tourism Destination, Ha Long Bay In Vietnam Centre for Environmental Engineering of Towns and Industrial Areas, Hanoi Department of Environment Bangkok Metropolitan Administration (2010) Solid Waste Management in Bangkok Department of Environment Bangkok Metropolitan Administration, Bangkok Effective waste management for Vietnam / Waste Viet (2010) Waste management in Vietnam Retrieved from: http://www.waste-viet.com/en/waste-management-vt (accessed on 08/06/2015) Lei, Y., Zhen-Shan, L., & Hui-Zhen, F (2011) Model of Municipal Solid Waste Source Separation Activity: A Case Study of Beijing Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association, 61(2), pp 157-163 Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment (2011) National State of Environment Report 2011: Solid Waste: Chapter impact of pollution environment by solid waste MONRE (Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment), Ha Noi 40 Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment (2013) National State of Environment Report 2013: Air Environment MONRE (Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment), Ha Noi Nguyen, N.X (2004) Technology of Treatment Waste and Solid Waste Science and Technic Publishing House Nhue, T.H., & Dung, U.Q., & Thai, N.T.K (2001) Solid Waste Management, Chapter 1: Urban Solid Waste Construction Publish House Nong, N.N., & Thanh, D.N., & Phuong, D.H., & Hung, P.T., Van, N.C (2011) The Status and Management Solutions of Reuse Waste in Urban Areas Thai Nguyen City Phuoc, N.V (2007) Management and treatment of Solid Waste Ha Noi National University Thai Nguyen Department of Natural Resources and Environment (2008) Report on environmental management in Thai Nguyen Thai Nguyen Department of Natural Resources and Environment, Thai Nguyen Thai Nguyen Department of Natural Resources and Environment (2010) Report on environmental management in Thai Nguyen Thai Nguyen Department of Natural Resources and Environment, Thai Nguyen Waste Management and Recycling Department (2012) Solid Waste Management and Recycling Technology of Japan toward a Sustainable Society Waste Management and Recycling Department, Tokyo Zhang, D.Q., & Tan, S.K., & Gersberg, R.M (2010) Municipal solid waste management in China: Status, problems and challenges Journal of Environmental Management 91(8), pp 1623–1633 41 APPENDICE Survey Questionnaire SOCIALIST REPUBLIC OF VIETNAM THAI NGUYEN UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURE AND FORESTRY Thai Nguyen City, Thai Nguyen Province RESEARCH: MODEL DESIGNATION FOR WASTE SOURCE SEPARATION: A CASE STUDY IN NGUYEN HUE PRIMARY SCHOOL Researcher: Nguyen Thi Thuong Date: Please put a check mark (√ ) in a box which corresponds to your answer Please answer honestly and legibly Name: (Optional) Age: _ Class: Gender: - male - female I Level of Awareness on Waste and WSS 1.Can we reuse or recycle waste? - Yes - No What is the effect of waste? Campus Health Environmental Pollution All of above 3.Do you know about Source Waste Separation Program? - Yes - No 42 4.How you know about Soure Waste Separation program? TV, radio, news Internet Parents School 5.Do you concern about Waste Source Separation program? - Yes - No 6.Do you think WSS program is benificial? - Yes - No 7.Can you distinguish types of waste? - Yes - No - Make mistake 8.Will you enjoy WSS program with uncompulsory? - Yes - No II Design the Propaganda Forms 9.What the form of propaganda you like? Pamphlets Booklets Short Film All of above 10.Do you satisfied with the contents of propaganda? - Yes - No Why? 43 ... consciously about littering and Waste Source Separation Collecting model at sidewalk: the waste bins are placed in the sidewalk for people living around the area, passers can put garbage in waste bin and... To avoid confusing waste separation of student waste bins are classify by color for easier waste segregation, and every waste bin/plastic has appropriate label that indicate what kind of waste. .. Supervisor Model Designation For Waste Source Separation: A Case Study In Nguyen Hue Primary School Dr Duong Van Thao Abstract: One major challenge faced by Thai Nguyen is dealing with the enormous amount