_ Meänh ñeà quan heä giôùi haïn duøng ñeå boå nghóa cho danh töø hoaëc ñaïi töø ñöùng tröôùc noù, neân khoâng theå boû ñöôïc.. Non-restrictive clauses / Non-defining clauses.[r]
(1)Week: Teaching date:
Period: Preparing date:
UNIT 15: CITIES VOCABULARY
Vocabulary Pronunciation Meanings
A READING
1 well-known (adj) ['wel'n±Un] nổi tiếng
2 The Empire State Building ['empai± steit 'bildiN] Cao ốc văn phòng Empire State The United Nations Headquarters [ju:'naitid 'neiSn
'hed'kwỴ:t±] Cơ quan đầu não LHQ
4 state (n) [steit] bang (ở Mỹ)
5 headquarters (n) ['hed'kwỴ:t±] trụ sở chính, quan đầu não
6 Times Square [taim skwe±] Quảng trường thời gian
7 Central Park ['sentr±l p¿:k] Coâng viên trung tâm
8 be located in + place [l±U'keitid;
'l±Ukeited] đặt ở, nằm
9 mingle with (v) ['miNgl] hòa trộn với
10 harbour (n) ['h¿:b±] cảng biển
11 ice-free (adj) ['aisfri:] khơng bị đóng băng
12 metropolitan (adj) [,metr±'p{lit±n] (thuộc) khu thị lớn
13 found (v) [faUnd] khai saùng, saùng laäp
14 Dutch (n) [dÝtS] người Hà Lan
15 take over (v) ['teik,±Uv±] tiếp quản
16 rename (v) [,ri:'neim] đặt tên lại
17 unusual (adj) [Ýn'ju:Zl] khác thường, đặc biệt
18 global finance (n) ['gl±Ubl fai'nỉns] tài tồn cầu
19 characterise (v) ['kỉr±kt±raiz] đặc trưng hóa
20 attract (v) [±'trỉkt] thu huùt
21 Statue of Liberty (n) ['stỉtSu:] ['lib±ti] tượng nữ thần tự do 22 art gallery (n) [¿:t 'gỉl±ri] phòng triển lãm NT B SPEAKING
23 area (n) ['e±ri±] diện tích
24 transport (n) ['trỉnspỴ:t] giao thông
25 AD (Anno Domini) (n) [,ei 'di:] sau công nguyên 26 convenient (adj) [k±n'vi:ni±nt] thuận tiện
27 formal (adj) ['fỴ:ml] trang trọng
28 open (adj) ['±Up±n] cởi mở
29 reserved (adj) [ri'zÄ:vd] dè dặt, kính đáo
30 comparison (n) [k±m'pỉrisn] sự so sánh
C LISTENING
31 hold (v) [h±Uld] cầm, giữ
32 suburb (n) ['sÝbÄ:b] nội ô
33 friendship (n) ['frendSip] tình bạn
34 include (v) [in'klu:d] bao gồm, gồm có
35 except (v) [ik'sept] loại ra, trừ
36 height (n) [hait] chieàu cao
37 weight (n) ['weit] trọng lượng
(2)39 base (n) [beis] bệ D WRITING
40 description (n) [dis'kripSn] miêu tả
41 cover (v) ['kÝv±] chiếm (diện tích)
42 The St Paul’s Cathedral [k±'Hi:dr±l] nhà thờ lớn St Paul 43 The Tower Bridge on the River
Thames
['taU±] [bridZ]
44 ideal (adj) [ai'di±l] lý tưởng
45 get away from (exp) tránh khỏi
46 Roman (n) ['r±Um±n] người La Mã
47 situate (v) ['sitjUeit] đặt vị trí
48 Houses of Parliament (House of Commons; House of Lords)
[haUs] ['p¿:l±m±nt]
['kỴm±n] [lỴ:d] Ở Anh quốc có hai viện (Hạ nghị viện; Thượng nghị viện). E LANGUAGE FOCUS
49 indicate (v) ['indikeit] cho biết, ra
50 comma (n) ['kỴm±] dấu phẩy
51 East Coast [i:st k±Ust] bờ biển phía đơng
52 host (v) [h±Ust] đăng cai tổ chức
53 temple (n) ['templ] đền thờ
54 although (conj) [Ỵ:l'T±U]
55 contrast (n) ['kỴntrỉst] tương phản
56 neighbourhood (n) ['neib±hUd] hàng xóm
57 tourist destination (n) ['tU±rist ,desti'neiSn] điểm đến du lịch GRAMMAR:
A DEFINING AND NON-DEFINING RELATIVE CLAUSES.
1 Restrictive clauses/ Defining relative clauses (Mệnh đề quan hệ giới hạn):
_ Mệnh đề quan hệ giới hạn dùng để bổ nghĩa cho danh từ đại từ đứng trước nó, nên khơng thể bỏ
2 Non-restrictive clauses / Non-defining clauses (Mệnh đề quan hệ không giới hạn)
_ Mệnh đề quan hệ không giới hạn dùng để cung cấp thêm thông tin phụ, không cần thiết cho ngữ nghĩa câu, nên bỏ
_ Mệnh đề quan hệ không giới hạn ln tách mệnh đề dấu phẩy _ Danh từ mệnh đề không giới hạn xác định bởi:
+ Danh từ riêng (Mr John, HCM city…) + Đại từ định (This/that/these/those +N…) + Tính từ sở hữu (My/his/her…+N)
+ Danh từ có cụm trạng ngữ nơi chốn (The girl in the class room …) Ex: That man, who is standing over there, is my teacher
3 Relative Pronouns:
Defining relative clauses Non-defining clauses Who: dùng để thay cho chủ từ người
@ N + who + V
Eg: The man is my teacher He is standing over there The man who is standing over there is my teacher N S V
1 Who: dùng để thay cho chủ từ người @ N ,+ who + V
Eg: My father is a teacher He is standing over there My father, who is standing over there, is a teacher N S V
2 Whom: dùng để thay cho tân ngữ người @ N + whom + S + V
Ex: The man is my teacher You met him yesterday
Whom: dùng để thay cho tân ngữ người @ N, + whom + S + V
(3)The man whom you met yesterday is my teacher N O S V
Mr John, whom you met yesterday, is my teacher N O S V
Whose: - dùng để thay cho tính từ sở hữu người
- Sau “Whose” phải có danh từ
@ N + whose + N + & V ( S + V
Ex1: The man is my teacher His son is very intelligent
The man whose son is very intelligent is my teacher N V
Ex2: The man is my teacher I borrowed his books yesterday
The man whose books I borrowed yesterday is my teacher
N S V
Whose: - dùng để thay cho tính từ sở hữu người
- Sau “Whose” phải có danh từ
@ N ,+ whose + N + & V ( S + V
Ex1: Mr John is my teacher His son is very intelligent
Mr John, whose son is very intelligent, is my teacher N V
Ex2: Mr Hung is my teacher I borrowed his books yesterday
Mr Hung, whose books I borrowed yesterday is my teacher
N S V Which: dùng để thay cho chủ từ, tân ngữ
vật, việc
@ N + which + & V ( S + V Ex1: This is the book It is very interesting " This is the book which is very interesting S V
Ex2: This is the book I like it best " This is the book which I like best O S V
4 Which: dùng để thay cho chủ từ, tân ngữ vật, việc
@ N + which + & V ( S + V Ex1: This is my book It is very interesting " This is my book which is very interesting S V
Ex 2: This book is very interesting I read it yesterday This book, which I read yesterday, is very interesting O S V
5 That: That dùng để thay cho who, whom, which
Ex: This is the book which I like best " This is the book that I like best
- After the superlative form (sau pheùp so sánh nhất)
Ex: This is the most beautiful girl that I’ve ever seen
- After some words such as “first, second, last, only, very, any, ” (sau từ : first, second, last only, very, any …)
Ex: I read every book that I can borrow.
- The antecedent is both persons and things (Khi tiền ngữ người lẫn vật)
Ex: I saw men, women, cats and dogs that moved around and around
Note:
“That” is not used in non-restrictive clauses (“That” không dùng mệnh đề quan hệ không giới hạn.)
B ALTHOUGH to connect contrasting ideas (Mặc dù) liên từ nhượng diễn tả tương phản. Form:
Eg: This city is small It is very clean and beautiful
(4)- Có thể dùng liên từ “but”, từ nối “however” để thay cho although Eg: This city is small, but it is very clean and beautiful
This city is small; however, it is very clean and beautiful Notes: - “but” thường theo sau dấu phẩy
- “However” thường theo sau dấu chấm phẩy. EXERCISES.
Exercise Join each pair of sentence, using a relative pronoun Use commas if necessary. He gave me the information I wrote it down at once
Andrea went to see the dentist He took out two of her teeth
Fritz lives in the house round the corner It has a red front door
Show me the shoes You bought them yesterday
Have you seen the film? It’s on at the Odeon
My boyfriend refused to go to the concert with me He hates country music
Edward has just moved to France His mother died last year
We didn’t want to swim in the sea It looked very dirty
Lydia is reading that fascinating book on Spanish history You lent it to her last week
Exercise Combine the following sentences, using ALTHOUGH
1 She smiled She was angry
He has a very important job He isn’t particularly well-paid
She wasn’t wearing a raincoat It was raining heavily
I didn’t recognize her I’d met her twice before
We’re close friends We’ve known each other for a short time
The heating was on The room wasn’t warm
Exercise Choose the best answer.
1 In a desert, there are places _ some water is available and a few plants grow
a that b which c where d when
2 We decided to keep walking _ the rain
a in case b in spite of c because of d due to
3 _ I heard my mobile phone ringing, I didn’t answer it
a Even though b Despite c In spite of d Only if
4 Tokyo, _ was badly damaged in World War II, has recovered quickly
a that b who c what d which
5 I appreciate these engineers _ is very important
a whose contribution b that contributes c who contribute d whom contribution They don’t want to live in a big city, _ they know its advantages
(5)7 Even though it is noisy, we enjoy living in the city
a Despite it is noisy b As it is noisy c In spite of noise d As noisy _ declared the martial law
a Abraham Lincoln, who was President at the time, b Abraham Lincoln, that was President at the time, c Abraham Lincoln, whom was President at the time, d Abraham Lincoln whom was President at the time,
9 England is one of the few countries _ people drive on the left
a which b where c that d whom
10 The little boy _ parents were killed in the accident was sent to an orphanage
a who b whom c that d whose
11 _ cutting my finger very deeply, I didn’t need any stitches
a Although b In spite of the fact that c Despite d Even though 12 It’s the best book _ I’ve ever read
a which b who c that d what
13 I told the policeman _ had happened
a which b who c what d that
14 That’s the businessman _ company is so successful
a whose b of which c who’s d of whom
15 Is that the town _ you were born?
a which b that c whose d where
Exercise Rewrite the following sentences beginning as shown (Xem lại ngữ pháp 7). In spite of the rain, we enjoyed our holiday
Although Although he smokes a lot, he’s quite fit
Despite I didn’t get the job although I had all the necessary qualifications
In spite Although the traffic was bad, we got home on time
Despite Despite the fact that he was lazy, he passed al the exams
Although Though he has a responsible job, he isn’t particularly well-paid
In spite In spite of her injured foot, she managed to walk to the village
Although Although he’s got an English name, he’s in fact French
Despite I decided to accept the job although the salary was low
In 10 In spite of not having eaten for 24 hours, I am not hungry
(6)Key: Exercise 1:
1 He gave me the information which I wrote down at once Andrea went to see the dentist who took out two of her teeth Fritz lives in the house round the corner which has a red front door Show me the shoes which/ that you bought yesterday
5 Have you seen the film which/ that is on at the Odeon?
6 My boyfriend, who hates country music, refused to go to the concert with me Edward, whose mother died last year, has just moved to France
8 We didn’t want to swim in the sea which looked very dirty
9 Lydia is reading that fascinating book on Spanish history, which you lent her last week Exercise 2:
1 Although she smiled, she was angry
2 Although he has a very important job, he isn’t particularly well-paid She wasn’t wearing a raincoat although it was raining heavily I didn’t recognize her although I’d met her twice before
5 We’re close friends although we’ve known each other for a short time Although the heating was on, the room wasn’t warm
Exercise 3:
1 c b a d a c c a b 10 d 11 c 12 c 13 c 14 a 15 d
Exercise 4:
1 Although it rained, we enjoyed our holiday Despite smoking a lot, he’s quite fit
3 I didn’t get the job in spite of all the necessary qualifications Despite the bad traffic, we got home on time
5 Although he was lazy, he passed all the exams
6 In spite of having a responsible job, he isn’t particularly well-paid Although her foot was injured, she managed to walk to the village Despite his English name, he’s in fact French
9 I decided to accept the job in spite of the low salary 10 Although I haven’t eaten for 24 hours, I am not hungry
Week: Teaching date:
(7)GENERAL EXERCISES OF UNIT 15 A TỰ LUẬN.
I Give the correct form of the verbs.
1 It (rain) _ yesterday after it (be) _ dry for many months I (try) _ to learn English for years, but I (not succeed) _ yet While I (go) _ to school yesterday, I (meet) _ him
4 The boys (break) _ a window when they (play) _ football II Rewrite the following sentences so that their meaning stays the same Use the words given in brackets.
5 The weather was good but we stayed indoors (although)
Cars cause pollution but people still want them (although)
Dan never talks to Mary but she still loves him (although)
III Combine the following sentences by changing the second sentence into a relative clause Use commas for non-defining relative clauses.
8 The secretary can give you the information She sits at the first desk on the right
The Southam Chess Club meets weekly on Friday evenings It has more than 50 members
10 A doctor has had to retire through ill health We know him
B TRẮC NGHIỆM
I PHONETIC
Choose the word in each group that has the underlined part pronounced differently from the rest.
1 a thought b than c theatre d third
2 a although b southern c northwest d clothes
Choose a word in each line that has different stress pattern.
3 a character b metropolitan c population d popularity
4 a historic b neighborhood c cathedral d material
II VOCABULARY- GRAMMAR
5 My village is located _ the western part of the city
a at b in c of d on
6 Although your ideas are different _ mine, I appreciate them
a with b from c on d among
7 It is one of _ largest harbors in the world
a a b an c the d no article
8 New York City was founded by the Dutch in 1624
a demolished b destroyed c established d pointed
9 Power plants are increasingly located outside metropolitan areas
a belonging to a big or capital city b in an industrial city
c of a busy suburb d relating to a remote suburb
10 San Francisco is a _ and communications center and a center for trade in Asia
a finance b finances c financial d financer
11 I cannot see the _ of visiting the museums in the city all day
a attract b attractive c attractively d attraction
12 A: _
B: It is situated in Ba Dinh District in Hanoi
(8)b When is President Ho Chi Minh’s Mausoleum situated? c Where President Ho Chi Minh’s Mausoleum is situated? d Where does President Ho Chi Minh’s Mausoleum situate? 13 My brother Nam is a doctor He lives in Hai Phong
a My brother Nam is a doctor, who lives in Hai Phong b My brother Nam who is a doctor lives in Hai Phong c My brother Nam, who lives in Hai Phong, is a doctor d My brother Nam lives in Hai Phong, who is a doctor III ERROR IDENTIFICATION
14 Ho Chi Minh City, that used to be called Sai Gon, is the biggest city in southern Vietnam a b c d
15 Although the fact that the story was silly, they all enjoyed it a b c d
IV READING: Read the passage below and choose the best answer for each question.
Hanoi, estimated population 3,083,800 (2004), is the capital of Vietnam The city is located on the right bank of the Red River, 1,760 km north of Ho Chi Minh City Through history, Hanoi was known by many names, such as Thang Long, Dong Do, Dong Quan, Bac Ha In 1831 the Nguyen Dynasty renamed it Hanoi Hanoi experiences the typical climate of northern Vietnam, where summers are hot and humid, and winters are cold and dry The summer months from May to September receive the majority of rainfall in the year The winter months from November to March are relatively dry, although spring then often brings light rains The minimum winter temperature in Hanoi rarely goes lower than 6-70C and summer can get as hot as 38-400C Hanoi experiences four full seasons in a year.
Hanoi is often said to be the cultural center of Vietnam, where every dynasty has left behind their imprint Even though some relics have not survived through wars and time, the city still has many interesting cultural and historic monuments for visitors and residents alike Some of the prominent places are Ho Chi Minh mausoleum; Van Mieu, site of the oldest university in Vietnam; One Pillar Pagoda, and Flag Tower of Hanoi
Hanoi is also the home of a number of museums, including Vietnamese National History Museum, the Revolution Museum and National Museum of Fine Arts West Lake (Ho Tay) is a popular place for recreation, with small boats for hire
Hanoi has many universities, colleges and institutes Because many of the national universities are located in Hanoi, students from other provinces wishing to enter university often travel to Hanoi for the annual entrant examination Such events often take place in June and July, when a large number of students and their families converge on the city a few weeks before and after the exam dates
Trade is another strong sector of the city The economic structure also undergoes important shifts, with tourism, finance and banking now playing an increasingly important role
16 Hanoi _
a had ever many different names b is now called Thang Long c is next to Ho Chi Minh City d has only two seasons a year 17 Which sentence is TRUE?
a There is no river in Hanoi b The Red River flows through Hanoi c Hanoi is only a small city d It is not hot in summer in Hanoi 18 Visitors _
a cannot visit any museums in Hanoi
b can visit many interesting historic monuments in Hanoi c cannot enjoy any relics in Hanoi
d are not allowed to visit the monuments in Hanoi 19 Visitors can hire small boats at _
(9)c National Museum of Fine Arts d West Lake 20 Hanoi _
a does not develop banking
b does not allow students from other provinces to study at its universities c develops tourism
d has not got any colleges
Keys:
(10)II Although the weather was good, we stayed indoors. Although cars cause pollution, people still want them Although Dan never talks to Mary, she still loves him
III. The secretary who/ that sits at the first desk on the right can give you the information
The Southam Chess Club, which has more than 50 members, meets weekly on Friday evenings 10 A doctor who/ whom/ that we know has had to retire through ill health