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Câu hỏi trong lời nói gián tiếp (Questions in reported speech). Questions Reported speech[r]
(1)Chuyên đề : DIRECT SPEECH AND REPORTED SPEECH I Lời nới trực tiếp lời nói gián tiếp
a Lời nói trực tiếp: lặp lại xác từ người nói
- Lời nói trực tiếp đặt dấu ngoặc kép sau động từ có dấu phẩy(,) dấu hai chấm(:)
- Đôi mệnh đề đặt sau lời nói trực tiếp Ex: “ I don’t like this party” Bill said
b Lời nói gián tiếp (indirect/reported speech) lời tường thuật lại ý người nói Ex: “ I don’t like this party” Bill said
=> Bill said that he didn’t like that party II.Lời nói gián tiếp với động từ giới thiệu tại
Nếu động từ tường thuật đơn, tiếp diễn,HTHT TLai, thay đổi ngơi, đại từ nhân xưng tân ngữ,tính từ sỡ hữu, đại từ sỡ hữu đại từ phản thân : Ex: My teacher of Geography says, “ The Sun rises in the East.”
My teacher of Geography says ( that ) the Sun rises in the East.
They say to us, “we will see you next week” –> They tell us they will see us next week He says, “I’m feeling ill”
–> He says (that) he is feeling ill She has said : “ I’m tired now.”
–> She has said that she is tired now
III Lời nói gián tiếp với động từ giới thiệu khứ
Ex: Nam said, “ I am doing my homework now.” Nam said (that) he was doing his homework then.
IV Quy tắc chuyển từ lời nói trực tiếp sang lời nói gián tiếp 1, Thay đổi thời động từ.
Trực tiếp Gián tiếp Ví du
* Simple present
* Present Continuous
* Simple Past * Present Perfect
* Simple Future
* Simple past
* Past Continuous
* Past Perfect
* Future in the past
“I live in a small house,” she said
She said (that) she lived in a
small house
“I am writing a letter,” he said
He said (that) he was writing a letter
“I have seen that film,” he said
He said (that) he had seen that film “I will help you” John said
(2)* To be going to + Vinfi
* Can * May * Must * Will
* Was/Were going to+Vinfi
* Could * Might
* Had to/Must * Would
“ I am going to meet him” she said
She said she was going to meet
him
“I must finish my work” he said
He said he had to finish his
work
2, Thay đổi đại từ chỉ định, trạng từ chỉ địa điểm trạng từ chỉ thời gian.
Trực tiếp Gián tiếp
Today Tonight
Next/ on Tuesday Next + Time Now
Ago
Two days ago Tomorrow Tomorrow night Yesterday
Last night Last + Time
The day after tomorrow The day before yesterday Here These This Overhere so/such That day That night
The following Tuesday The following + Time Then
Before
Two days before/earlier
The next day/ the following day/ the day after The next night
The day before/ the previous day The night before/ The previous night The previous + Time
In days’ time Two days before There Those That Overthere Very
3, Thay đổi đại từ nhân xưng chủ ngữ ,tân ngữ tính từ sở hữu.
Trực tiếp Gián tiếp
(3)Yours Me Us You
mine/ours him/her them me/us
V Các cách chuyển đổi bản
1 Câu trần thuật lời nói gián tiếp ( Statements in reported speech)
Statement Reported speech
“S + V + O”
said / to Sb (O) + That + S2 V2 S1 + told (O) + That + S2 V2 talked + about st
*Note: Có thể sử dụng số ĐT dẫn sau: thought, announced, explained, complained, believed…
EX: They said, “We’ll return to Paris next month”
- They said they would return to Paris the month after
a Say(s) to somebody + a statement –> tell(s) somebody + (that) + clause : Said to somebody + a statement –> told somebody + (that) + clause : b Say(s) + a statement –> say(s) that + clause
Said to somebody + a statement –> told somebody + (that) + clause :
Ex :
“I’ve finished all my homework”, he said to me –> He told me that he had finished all his homework
“I’m going to Hanoi tomorrow”, he said
–> He said that he was going to Hanoi the next day He says to her, “you must your exercise”
–> He tells her that she must her exercise
2 Câu hỏi lời nói gián tiếp (Questions in reported speech)
Questions Reported speech
1 Yes/No questions Auxiliary + S + V + O? (Do/does/did/had/will)
S1 + asked (+ Object) + If/whether + S2V2
2 Wh – questions
WH + Auxiliary + S + V + O? S1 + asked (+ Object) + WH + S2V2
*Note: Có thể sử dụng số ĐT dẫn sau: inquired, wondered, wanted to know…
“Where you often meet your friends?” she said –> She asked where I often met my friends
3 Câu mệnh lệnh, câu yêu cầu, câu đề nghị, lời khuyên….trong lời nói gián
tiếp (Orders, requests, offers, advice… in indirect speech)
Thường được mở đầu bằng động từ : ask, request (yêu cầu), tell, command, order (ra lệnh), advise, invite, remind,invite….
a.Câu mệnh lệnh, đề nghị , yêu cầu,…. : Là loại câu dùng để yêu cầu, đề nghị làm Có hai loại câu mệnh lệnh : Mệnh lệnh khẳng định mệnh lệnh phủ định
(4)- Mệnh lệnh phủ định: Don’t + V + O.
Indirect speech Reported speech
(Don’t) + V + O. Please + V_infinitive
S1 + Asked/told + Object (+ not) + To-infinitive Offered/recommended (+ Object)+ To-infinitive
Ex: He said : “Please go away”
–> He requested / told me to go away “Don’t make noise here”,Lan said to Hoa –> Lan asked Hoa not to make noise there
“Post the letter for me, will you?” he said –> He asked me to post the letter for him “Make another try, please”, he said
–> He encouraged me to make another try “Don’t drive too fast”, he said
–> He warned me not to drive too fast
- Câu đề nghị yêu cầu bắt đầu bằng : “ Could you / Will you / Would you, ?”
“Will you shut your mouth?” he said –> He ordered me to shut my mouth
“Could you get ready at 6p.m tonight?” he said –> He told/asked me to get ready at 6p.m that night
“ Will you post this letter for me on the way to work, Nam?” he asked –> He told/asked Nam to post this letter for him on the way to work
- Câu đề nghị yêu cầu bắt đầu bằng : “ What about/How about/ Should we?Let’s”
Indirect speech Reported speech
“ What about/How about/ Should
we?Let’s” S1 + suggested + V_ing…….
Ex : “Let’s go to the cinema tonight”, he said
–> He suggested going to the cinema that night “ Let’s invite Bill” said Tom
–> Tom suggested inviting Bill
b Câu mang tính chất khuyên bảo,nhắc nhở :
Indirect speech Reported speech
S + had better/ should… Remember to……… Don’t forget to……….….
S1 + advised +Object(+ not)+ To-infinitive S + remind + O + To-infinitive
“You had better hurry”, he said –> He advised me to hurry
“Remember to close the door”, he said –> He reminded me to close the door
(5)c Lời mời “Will you, would you…….”
Indirect speech Reported speech
“Will you, would you…….” S1 + invited + O + To-infinitive offered
“ Will you come to my party tomorrow?” he said –> He invited me to come to his party the next day “Would you like some cigarettes?” he said
–> He offered me some cigarettes
a Các trường hợp không đổi thời
– Lời nói trực tiếp diễn tả thật hiển nhiên, chân lí hay thói quen tại EX: My father said “New York is bigger than London”
- My father said that New York is bigger than London The teacher said, “The moon moves around the earth” - The teacher said that the moon moves around the earth He said, “ I always drink milk for breakfast”
- Peter said that he always drinks milk for breakfast “The earth moves round the sun” he said
–> He said that the earth moves round the sun
– Lời nói trực tiếp câu điều kiện loại II câu điều kiện loại III. “If I were you, I would leave here” he said
–> He said that if he were me, he would leave there
– Wish + past simple/ past perfect:
“I wish I lived in Da Nang”, he said
–> He said he wished he lived in Da Nang – Cấu trúc “it’s time somebody did something”:
“It’s time he woke up”, she said –> She said it was time he woke up
– Lời nói trực tiếp có động từ tình thái như: could, would, should, might, ought to, used to, had better.