[r]
(1)c) ORDERED INQUIRIED
DIRECT COMMAND S + ASKED + O + (not) + To infinitive TOLD
REQUESTED
WH-QUESTION - S + Asked + O + Question Word + S + V
- Could you tell me + Question Word + S + V - We’d like to know
- I want to know
YES / NO QUESTION - S + ASKED + O + IF / WHETHER + S + V - Do you know
- Could you tell me + If / Whether + S + V - We’d like to know
- S wants to know
- last week / year / month … - the previous week / year / month … - next week / year / month … - the following week / year / month …
- a year / month … ago - the previous year / month … / a year /… before - this / these - that / those
- here - there
- today / tonight - that day / that night
- yesterday - the day before / the day earlier - the day before yesterday - two days before
- tomorrow - the next day / the following day - the day after tomorrow - in two days’ time
26 DIRECT SPEECH INDIRECT SPEECH NOTES:
* Changes in tenses
Direct Speech Indirect Speech - Simple Present - Simple Past
- Present Continuous - Past Continuous - Simple Past - Past Perfect - Present Perfect - Past Perfect
- Past Continuous - Past Perfect Continuous
(2)34 ACTIVE SENTENCE PASSIVE SENTENCE
- Present simple : IS /ARE + P.P - Present Continuous: IS /ARE + BEING + P.P - Past Simple: WAS / WERE + P.P - Past Continuous: WAS /WERE + BEING + P.P - Present Perfect: HAS/HAVE BEEN + P.P - Future Simple: WILL + BE + P.P
* CAN / COULD / MUST / SHOULD / COULD ……
* BE GOING TO + BE + P.P * HAVE TO
SUBJECT + VERB + ADJECTIVE + NOUN CLAUSE SUBJECT + VERB + NOUN CLAUSE
NOUN CLAUSE + VERB + COMPLEMENT CLAUSE + though, although, even though + CLAUSE CLAUSE + so that , in order that + CLAUSE
CLAUSE + so + Adjective (Adverb) + that / Such + noun + that + CLAUSE CLAUSE + so + Adjective (Adverb) + that / Such + noun + that + CLAUSE CLAUSE + as … as, -er … than, more … than + Clause
CLAUSE + as though, as if, as + Clause] CLAUSE + where, wherever + CLAUSE CLAUSE
+ when, until, while, before, after, as soon as, just as, since, whenever + CLAUSE Subject + Verb
Subject + Verb + Compliment Subject + Verb + Object Auxiliary + Subject + Verb?
Question words + Auxiliary + Subject + Verb?
Auxiliary + Subject + Verb + Question word + Subject + Verb?
38 PRESENT PAST SUBJUNCTIVE SENTENCE PAST WISH + PAST PERFECT In Situation FUTURE WOULD + V 37 IF …… NOT UNLESS
PAST
36 PRESENT Situation PRESENT Unreal Condition SENTENCE in Situation PAST Unreal Condition
NOTES:
* PRESENT UNREAL CONDITION ( CONDITIONAL SENTENCE Type2) IF + PAST SUBJUNCTIVE, ………… WOULD / SHOULD + VERB
(3)IF + PAST PERFECT, …… WOULD / SHOULD / COULD + HAVE + P.P
S + V + O (someone) + V / To inf S + HAVE / GET + O (something) + P.P ACTIVE SENTENCE PASSIVE SENTENCE
- Present simple : IS /ARE + P.P - Present Continuous: IS /ARE + BEING + P.P - Past Simple: WAS / WERE + P.P - Past Continuous: WAS /WERE + BEING + P.P - Present Perfect: HAS/HAVE BEEN + P.P - Future Simple: WILL + BE + P.P
31 Though
Although + CLAUSE Despite + NOUN PHRASE / GERUND Even though In spite of
33 COMPOUND SENTENCE EITHER …… OR …… NEITHER …… NOR ……
BECAUSE + CLAUSE BECAUSE OF + NOUN PHRASE / GERUND DUE TO + NOUN PHRASE / GERUND S + V + Time It Takes + (someone) + time + To infinitive S + Verb + NO + Noun S + HARDLY + Verb + ANY + Noun S + ADVERB + VERB ADVERB + VERB + S
ORDERED INQUIRIED
DIRECT COMMAND S + ASKED + O + (not) + To infinitive TOLD
REQUESTED
b) WH-QUESTION - S + Asked + O + Question Word + S + V - Do you know
- Could you tell me + Question Word + S + V - We’d like to know
- I want to know
) YES / NO QUESTION - S + ASKED + O + IF / WHETHER + S + V - Do you know
- Could you tell me + If / Whether + S + V - We’d like to know
- S wants to know
Simple Past with OFTEN, ALWAYS, ONCE USED TO + Verb S + Verb Negative + Unti Let’s + Verb
(4)Imperative Verb S + Should (not) + Verb S + Be + Ing-Adjective - S + Be + Ed-Adjective S + Verb - S + Be + Ed-Adjective
S + V + O S + Be + Ed-Adjective
S + V + O S + Be + Ing-Adjective S + Like something S + Be Fond of + Something
S + Be + not necessary / pointless S + Don’t + Need to S + Don’t + Have to There is no need to S + Needn’t
Adj + enough + (for) + To infinitive So + Adj + that
Such + (A / An + Adj + N ) + That
Such + (A / An + Adj + Noun ) + That Too + Adj + For… + To infinitive So + Adj + That Adj + enough + for … + To infinitive
So + Adj + That + Clause Such + A (An) + Singular Noun + That + Clause Adv + Uncountable Noun
S + V + Too + Adv + To infinitive S + V + So + Adv + That + Clause S + V + So + Adv + That + Clause S + V + Adv + Enough + To infinitive
5 S + Be + Adj What + a + Adj + Noun ! How + Adj + S + Be !