Maïo töø khoâng xaùc ñònh a, an coù theå ñöôïc duøng khi noùi veà moät ngöôøi hay moät vaät maø ngöôøi nghe/ ngöôøi ñoïc khoâng xaùc ñònh ñöôïc ngöôøi hay vaät ñang ñöôïc ñeà caäp ñeán.[r]
(1)TOPIC 8: ARTICLES (MẠO TỪ or QUÁN TỪ) I THE INDEFINITE ARTICLE “A” & “AN” : Mạo từ khơng xác định A,AN
1 Hình thức: Mạo từ khơng xác định có hai hình thức “a” “an” 2 Cách dùng:
Mạo từ khơng xác định a, an dùng nói người hay vật mà người nghe/ người đọc không xác định người hay vật đề cập đến
+ Mạo từ “a” dùng trước danh từ số đếm bắt đầu phụ âm Eg: a book, a car , a chair , a hat
+ Mạo từ “an” dùng trước danh từ số đếm bắt đầu nguyên âm: a, e, i, o, u h câm Eg: an arm-chair, an umbrella, an egg
* Lưu ý: an hour, an honest man, a uniform, a university, a union, a European man, a universal problem, an honor, an heir + Dùng A, An cấu trúc: There + be + a , an + danh từ số + …
+ Dùng A, AN để diễn đạt ý “mỗi” hay “mỗi một” trước danh từ bắt đầu phụ âm hay nguyên âm Ex: Three days a week, 26 miles a gallon
600 kilometers an hour, million VND an acre
+ Dùng A, AN + Adj + danh từ số để miêu tả người vật
Ex: Last Sunday was a lovely day Da Lat is a wonderful city My sister is a beautiful girl
+ Sử dụng A, AN để phân loại, để loại Trường hợp bao gồm nghề nghiệp, quốc tịch tôn giáo người
Ex: The Sears Tower is a building in Chicago My father is an engineer
Mr.William, a Catholic, was injured in an accident 3 Những trường hợp không dùng mạo từ không xác định:
+ Không dùng “a” hay “an” trước danh từ không đếm + Không dùng “a” hay “an” trước danh từ trừu tượng
* THE DEFINITE ARTICLE “THE” : Mạo từ xác định THE
1 Hình thức: “The” hình thức trước danh từ khơng phân biệt số hay số nhiều, giống đực hay giống 2 Những trường hợp dùng “The”
Quán từ xác định THE dùng muốn người nghe xác định rỏ nói người hay vật xác định. + Ta dùng “the” trước danh từ xác định Một danh từ xác định khi:
a Danh từ xác định cụm giới từ
Eg: The love of his country , The gate of the house, The place of my love, the corner of this room, the day after tomorrow…
b Danh từ nói đến trước Eg: I have a parrot The parrot is talkative
c Danh từ vật độc nhất: The sun , The moon, The Earth, The North Pole d Danh từ loại nhạc cụ: Piano, guitar, the violin (trừ : drum: trống) e Dùng THE + Adj = Ns để nhóm người
Ex: The rich, the poor, the injured, the homeless, the old, the young, the blind, the deaf, the sick, the dead, the disabled, …
f Dùng THE + từ quốc tịch để người đất nước
Ex: The Irish, The English, The French,the Danish, the Swiss, the Spanish, the Finnish, the Turkish, the Dutch, the Welsh, the Polish , the Japanese, the Taiwanese, the Vietnamese, the Russians, the Americans, the Cambodians…
g Đơi có hay khơng có THE câu dẫn đến hai ý nghĩa khác Ex: I go to school (I go there to study)
I go to the school (I go there as a visitor, not to study) Những từ tương tự: College, hospital, prison, jail, church…
h Dùng THE danh từ xác định mệnh đề tính từ hay cụm tính từ Ex: The man whom you met at the party last night is my teacher
The car destroyed in the accident was expensive
i Dùng THE cụm từ : vào buổi sáng, vào buổi chiều, vào buổi tối Ex: I always my homework in the morning/ in the afternoon/ in the evening j Dùng THE so sánh bậc
Ex: Everest is the highest mountain in the world Nam is the best student in my class
k Dùng THE phép so sánh kép tính từ đem so sánh dùng danh từ
Ex: The harder they work, the more sucessful they are Which is the better of the two students?
(2)l Dùng THE với số thứ tự từ thứ hạng khác NEXT , LAST EX: The third song in this album was a great song
The last day of his staying here is a memorable day
* Lưu ý ta không dùng quán từ với từ Last, Next đề cập đến thời gian xác định như: tháng trước, năm tới… Ex: I will study in the United States next year Last week, a student in my class gave me a poem
m Dùng THE nói chung loài thú, phát minh dụng cụ âm nhạc Ex: The elephant is the biggest land animal The computer has changed the whole world n Dùng THE với tên sông, núi, biển , đại dương sa mạc
Ex: The Pacific Ocean, the Sahara desert, the Nil River, the Death sea, the Rocky mountain … o Dùng THE với tên số nhiều với họ người để gia đình
Ex: The Beatles was the greatest band ever since The Hawaiian Islands belong to the United States The Browns are moving their house next week The Rockefellers are a famous and wealthy family 3 Những trường hợp không dùng “the”:
+ Danh từ cụ thể số nhiều nói chung chung Eg: Books are necessary for students
Shoes are made of leather + Danh từ trừu tượng
Eg: Education is important for all + Danh từ môn chơi thể thao Eg: Football is my favourite sport
Do you want to play basket ball + Danh từ bửa ăn, đồ uống: Eg: What time you have dinner?
She never drinks wine
+ Danh từ ngày tuần, mùa năm: Eg: I go to the club on Sunday
Flowers bloom in Spring
+ Tên hồ, núi, đảo hay hẻm vực riêng lẻ EX: Lake Xuan Huong, Red Mountain…
+ Tên hành tinh : Venus, Mars, Earth, Neptune, Mercury, … + Tên lục địa: Europe, Asia, American, Australia, Africa + Tên đường, đường cái, đại lộ, quảng trường … Ex: Fifth Avenue, Red Square, Michael Bouleva, Broadway
+ Tên quốc gia có từ: England, China, Viet Nam, France… + Các môn học: Physics, mathematics, chemists, …
+ Những ngày lễ: Easter, Thanksgiving Day, Valentine Day, Mother Day … + Các số chử liệt kê danh sách
EX: The correct answer is “A” Question number is difficult + Tên loại bệnh: Cancer, toothache, flu…
EXERCISES Exercise 1: Put “a or an” in the blanks to complete the following sentences Where can I find _ good restaurant in town?
2 _ university is the place that provides students with necessary knowledge before they go to work You like this dress? It has such _ ugly color
4 Is the park _ easy walk from here? It took me _ hour to finish writing this list
6 It is _ honor to have _ university degree Red Mountain is _ expensive wine
8 _ pig is _ intelligent animal Have you ever seen _ giraffe?
10 My new car has _ yellow color and _ new style
Exercise 2: Put “the” in the blanks where necessary If no article is needed, write 0 I have never gone to cinema in my life
2 Every night, I don’t go to _ bed early I often look up at sky and enjoy the twinkling stars capital of Russia is _ Moscow
(3)4 Who turned on _ television and left it there for the whole night? After _ dinner, I went out with some friends to the bar
6 Recently, I don’t even have time for _ tea in _ afternoon as before I’m fed up with doing _ same thing every day
8 _ man you met at the party last night is my father It is believed that Chinese invented paper
10 It’s time for _ lunch now Now, let’s go to _ new restaurant in town Exercise 3: Choose the correct answer in the parentheses:
1 Children are expected to go to (school / the school) at the age of six
2 Every term, parents are invited to (school / the school) to meet their children’s teacher
3 When we were in Da Lat, we once visited (church / the church) there I never forgot that experience Every Sunday, Lan and her family go to (church / the church)
5 There was a fire in (prison / the prison) The fire-brigade was called immediately He had to go to (prison / the prison) for committing a serious crime
7 He stopped going to (college / the college) two months ago because his family could no longer afford him to study I must go to (college / the college) tomorrow morning to make an interview with the school’s principle
9 (Bed / The bed) is the warmest place in my house
10 Children must go to (bed / the bed) before ten in the evening Exercise 4: Choose the correct answer
1 John is university student
A some B any C a D an
2 I have been waiting for _hour and a half
A.the B a C an D Ø
3 John Smith is honest man
A one B an C the D a
4 My father told me he was soon going to visit
A the United State B the United States C United States D United State _ snow that covers top of mountain is _ beautiful sight
A The/the/the/the B 0/the/the/a C The / the / the / a D / / the / the My uncle was _ principal of Khai Tri High School
A.a B.an C.the D.0
7 He has to work ten hours day
A another B a C the D an
8 - “Do you think Lesson 10 is most difficult lesson?” – “Yes But it isn’t _ most difficult lesson in Book Two, isn’t it?” A.a/ a B.a/the C.the/the D.the/a
9 professor and writer is to attend the meeting
A.A/a B.The/the C.The/0 D.0/0 10 He is _ of our school
A a teacher B the teacher C teacher D only teacher 11 Mr Smith gives lessons in _
A compositions B a composition C composition D the composition 12 The guard caught the thief by _ arm
A.an B.a C D the
13 Thousands of people fought bravely in A the World War II B World War II C World War the II D Second World War
14 The teacher entered the classroom, _ book in _ hand
A a/a B a/Ø C 0/ a D 0/ 15 DaNang is _ third biggest city in Viet Nam
A.a B.the C D one
16 - “Have you seen pen? I left it here this morning.” - “Is it black one? I saw it somewhere.” A a / the B the / the C a / a D the / a
17 Biology is
A science of life B science of the life C the science of the life D the science of life 18 She has _ girl girl is very clever
A.a/The B.the/A C a/ A D 0/ The 19 The old scientist was looked upon as Einstein in his research field
A a B an C the D one
20 We had never thought that she turned thief
A a B the C one D
21 Do you often listen to radio or watch TV?
A the/ the B 0/ the C 0/ D the/ 22 - “What did Tom do?” - “He turned on ”
A television B the television C a television set D radio 23 He is last one to come and first one to leave
A the/ the B a/ C an/ a D the/ a
(4)24 _ Smiths are all fond of drawing
A A B.The C D One
25 Usually we have _ breakfast at home, but they gave us _ good breakfast at the restaurant yesterday A 0/ a B 0/ C the/ the D 0/ the
26 We go to _ town four times month
A the/ a B 0/ a C 0/ D o/ the 27 He stands up for oppressed
A the B an C D a
28 Is _ Mississippi the longest river in _ world?
A the/ the B 0/ the C a/ a D a/ the 29 _ Philippine Islands are to south-east of Vietnam
A The/ a B A/ the C The/ the D 0/ 30 - “Can you tell me what _ for ‘father’ is?” - “I’m sorry, I don’t know _ “
A Russian / Russian B the Russian / the Russian C the Russian / Russian D Russian / the Russian
31 _ Times is read all over the world
A A B The C D An
32 My sister is fond of music She is learning _ flute
A the/ the B / the C the / D 0/ 33 They will arrive here on New Year’s Day
A the B.a C D an
34 The building was completed in _ September of 1956, not in _ October, 1955 A / the B the / the C 0/ D the/ 35 _ is the official residence of _ President of the U.S.A
A White House / B The White House / C White House / the D The White House / the 36 _ Thames is one of longest rivers in _ England
A The/ the/ B 0/ the/ C The/ the/ the D 0/ the/ the 37 I don’t like to be led by _ nose
A o B.a C the D one
38 Do you know that _Europe and _ America are separated by _ Atlantic Ocean? A a/ an/ the B an /a/ C 0/ 0/ the D 0/0/0
39 is my native language, but for Jim is hard to learn
A The Vietnamese / The Vietnamese language B The Vietnamese / Vietnamese language C Vietnamese / Vietnamese language D Vietnamese / the Vietnamese language 40 Mary likes to play guitar, but her brother prefers to play chess and football
A the/0/the B 0/the/0 C the/0/0 D 0/0/0 41 _ book on that shelf is _ interesting one about _ history
A A/ an/ the B The/ the/ C The/ an/ D The/ an/ the
42 I hope you have _ lovely time and _ good weather But I’m not going for _ holiday I’m going to London on _ business
A A/ 0/ a/ B 0/an/a/the C a/ a/ 0/ D 0/0/a/a 43 Tom is not quite _ as his sister
A good as a student B as good a student C as a good student D an as good student 44 They came by sea and had a lovely journey on Queen Elizabeth II
A 0/t he B the/ C 0/ D the/ the
45 It is pleasant to play _ game of _tennis on _ summer afternoon
A a/ 0/ the B the/ the /a C a/ the/ a D 0/ the/ 46 John spent only on his homework
A a half hour B half a hour C half an hour D both A and C 47 He’s turned cruel robber He is danger to _ society
A 0/ a/ B 0/ 0/ the C a/ a/ D 0/ the/ the 48 She makes living by teaching piano
A the/ the B a/ a C a/ D 0/ the 49 I know he lives in Room 301 as I went to see him _ other day
A an B the C one D
50 They have sent Bob to _ prison for hitting _ policeman on _ head I ‘ll go to _ prison tomorrow to bring him some clothes
A 0/ a/ his/ B a/a / the/ C the/ the/ 0/ the D 0/ a/ the/ the