Preview Lippincott® Illustrated Reviews Biochemistry, 8e by Emine Ercikan Abali, PhD Susan D. Cline, PhD David S. Franklin, PhD Susan M. Viselli, PhD (2021)

Preview Lippincott® Illustrated Reviews Biochemistry, 8e by Emine Ercikan Abali, PhD Susan D. Cline, PhD David S. Franklin, PhD Susan M. Viselli, PhD (2021) Preview Lippincott® Illustrated Reviews Biochemistry, 8e by Emine Ercikan Abali, PhD Susan D. Cline, PhD David S. Franklin, PhD Susan M. Viselli, PhD (2021) Preview Lippincott® Illustrated Reviews Biochemistry, 8e by Emine Ercikan Abali, PhD Susan D. Cline, PhD David S. Franklin, PhD Susan M. Viselli, PhD (2021) Preview Lippincott® Illustrated Reviews Biochemistry, 8e by Emine Ercikan Abali, PhD Susan D. Cline, PhD David S. Franklin, PhD Susan M. Viselli, PhD (2021) Preview Lippincott® Illustrated Reviews Biochemistry, 8e by Emine Ercikan Abali, PhD Susan D. Cline, PhD David S. Franklin, PhD Susan M. Viselli, PhD (2021)

Lippincott® Illustrated Reviews: Biochemistry Eighth Edition Emine Ercikan Abali, PhD Assistant Dean for Basic Science Curriculum CUNY School of Medicine New York, New York Susan D Cline, PhD Professor of Biochemistry Department of Biomedical Sciences Mercer University School of Medicine Macon, Georgia David S Franklin, PhD Professor of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology Tulane University School of Medicine New Orleans, Louisiana Susan M Viselli, PhD Professor of Biochemistry & Molecular Genetics College of Graduate Studies Midwestern University Downers Grove, Illinois Acquisitions Editor: Lindsey Porambo Development Editor: Andrea Vosburgh Editorial Coordinator: Sean Hanrahan Editorial Assistant: Jada Davis Marketing Manager: Phyllis Hitner Senior Production Project Manager: Alicia Jackson Manager, Graphic Arts & Design: Steve Druding Manufacturing Coordinator: Margie Orzech Prepress Vendor: Aptara, Inc 8th edition Copyright © 2022 Wolters Kluwer Copyright © 2017 Wolters Kluwer Copyright © 2014, 2011, 2008, 2005, 1994, 1987 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, a Wolters Kluwer business All rights reserved This book is protected by copyright No part of this book may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, including as photocopies or scanned-in or other electronic copies, or utilized by any information storage and retrieval system without written permission from the copyright owner, except for brief quotations embodied in critical articles and reviews Materials appearing in this book prepared by individuals as part of their official duties as U.S government employees are not covered by the above-mentioned copyright To request permission, please contact Wolters Kluwer at Two Commerce Square, 2001 Market Street, Philadelphia, PA 19103, via email at permissions@lww.com, or via our website at shop.lww.com (products and services) 987654321 Printed in China 978-1-975155-08-7 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data available upon request This work is provided “as is,” and the publisher disclaims any and all warranties, express or implied, including any warranties as to accuracy, comprehensiveness, or currency of the content of this work This work is no substitute for individual patient assessment based upon healthcare professionals’ examination of each patient and consideration of, among other things, age, weight, gender, current or prior medical conditions, medication history, laboratory data and other factors unique to the patient The publisher does not provide medical advice or guidance and this work is merely a reference tool Healthcare professionals, and not the publisher, are solely responsible for the use of this work including all medical judgments and for any resulting diagnosis and treatments Given continuous, rapid advances in medical science and health information, independent professional verification of medical diagnoses, indications, appropriate pharmaceutical selections and dosages, and treatment options should be made and healthcare professionals should consult a variety of sources When prescribing medication, healthcare professionals are advised to consult the product information sheet (the manufacturer’s package insert) accompanying each drug to verify, among other things, conditions of use, warnings and side effects and identify any changes in dosage schedule or contraindications, particularly if the medication to be administered is new, infrequently used or has a narrow therapeutic range To the maximum extent permitted under applicable law, no responsibility is assumed by the publisher for any injury and/or damage to persons or property, as a matter of products liability, negligence law or otherwise, or from any reference to or use by any person of this work shop.lww.com Dedication This edition is dedicated to those we teach and to those who taught us Emine Ercikan Abali, PhD Susan D Cline, PhD David S Franklin, PhD Susan M Viselli, PhD Acknowledgments We extend gratitude to the founding authors of this title, the late Dr Pamela Champe and the late Dr Richard Harvey, who created the first four editions, and to Dr Denise Ferrier, who coauthored or authored the next three editions We have strived to carry on their tradition of excellence with the current edition We value the many members of the Association of Biochemistry Educators who provided critical peer review of the new materials produced for this edition We are grateful to the team at Wolters Kluwer We thank Lindsey Porambo for her encouragement and invaluable support throughout this project, Andrea Vosburgh for her guidance and proficient developmental editing, and Sean Hanrahan for his skillful editorial coordination Contributing Editor, Online Unit Review Questions Jana M Simmons, PhD President, Association of Biochemistry Educators Associate Professor Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Michigan State University, College of Human Medicine Grand Rapids, Michigan Reviewers James D Baleja, PhD Associate Professor, Departments of Medical Education and Developmental, Molecular, and Chemical Biology Tufts University School of Medicine Boston, Massachusetts Katelyn Carnevale, PhD Assistant Professor, Division of Biochemistry, Department of Medical Education Dr Kiran C Patel College of Allopathic Medicine Nova Southeastern University Fort Lauderdale, Florida Gergana Deevska, PhD Assistant Professor of Biochemistry Idaho College of Osteopathic Medicine Meridian, Idaho Joseph Fontes, PhD Professor, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Assistant Dean of Foundational Sciences, Office of Medical Education University of Kansas School of Medicine Kansas City, Kansas N Kevin Krane, MD, FACP, FASN Vice Dean for Academic Affairs Professor of Medicine Tulane University School of Medicine New Orleans, Louisiana Michael A Lea, PhD Professor, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Rutgers New Jersey Medical School Newark, New Jersey Pasquale Manzerra, PhD Assistant Dean, Medical Student Affairs and Admissions Assistant Professor of Biochemistry and Director of Medical Student Research Sanford School of Medicine The University of South Dakota Vermillion, South Dakota Richard O McCann, PhD Associate Dean of Admissions Professor of Biochemistry Mercer University School of Medicine Macon, Georgia Darla McCarthy, PhD Assistant Dean of Curriculum Associate Teaching Professor, Biochemistry Department of Basic Medical Sciences School of Medicine University of Missouri-Kansas City Kansas City, Missouri Gwynneth Offner, PhD Assistant Dean of Admissions Director, Medical Sciences Program Associate Professor of Medicine Boston University School of Medicine Boston, Massachusetts Chante Richardson, PhD Associate Professor of Biochemistry Alabama College of Osteopathic Medicine Dothan, Alabama Scott Severance, PhD Assistant Professor of Biochemistry Department of Molecular and Cellular Science College of Osteopathic Medicine Liberty University Lynchburg, Virginia Luigi Strizzi, MD, PhD Associate Professor of Pathology College of Graduate Studies Midwestern University Downers Grove, Illinois Tharun Sundaresan, PhD Associate Professor of Biochemistry Director, Molecular and Cellular Biology (MCB) Graduate Program Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences (USUHS) Bethesda, Maryland Preface Biochemistry is the study of how our bodies utilize the nutritional substances in our diet to make building blocks, fuels, and communication molecules for our cells It also includes the processes by which we convert chemicals within our bodies and eliminate chemicals from our bodies This book provides a succinct and illustrative review of these complex mechanisms In doing so, the book also offers examples of a useful organizational tool called a concept map Here is an explanation of concept maps so that you may use them as you study biochemistry, and perhaps create your own concept maps in your studies Concept Maps Students sometimes view biochemistry as a list of facts or equations to be memorized, rather than a body of concepts to be understood in context of the whole person Details provided to enrich understanding of these concepts inadvertently turn into distractions What seems to be missing is a guide, or type of road map—one that provides the student with an understanding of the context of how various topics fit together to tell a story In this text, a series of biochemical concept maps have been created to graphically illustrate relationships between ideas and connections between concepts These are presented near the end of each chapter to show how the information can be grouped or organized A concept map is, thus, a tool for visualizing the connections between concepts Material is represented in a hierarchical fashion, with the most inclusive, most general concepts at the top of the map, and the more specific, less general concepts arranged beneath The concept maps ideally function as templates or guides for organizing information, so the student can readily find the best ways to help with the integration of new information with knowledge they already possessed Concept map construction is described below A: Concept boxes and links Educators define concepts as “perceived regularities in events or objects.” In the biochemical maps, concepts include abstractions (e.g., free energy), processes (e.g., oxidative phosphorylation), and compounds (e.g., glucose 6-phosphate) These broadly defined concepts are prioritized with the central idea positioned at the top of the page The concepts that follow from this central idea are then drawn in boxes (see figure, part A) The size of the type indicates the relative importance of each idea Lines are drawn between concept boxes to show which are related The label on the line defines the relationship between two concepts, so that it reads as a valid statement (i.e., the connection creates meaning) The lines with arrowheads indicate in which direction the connection should be read B: Links to other parts of a map Unlike linear flow charts or outlines, concept maps may contain crosslinks that allow the reader to visualize complex relationships between ideas represented in different parts of the map (see figure, part B) or between the map and other chapters in this book (see figure, part C) or to other books in the Lippincott® Illustrated Reviews series (e.g., Lippincott® Illustrated Reviews: Cell and Molecular Biology) These links can help identify concepts that are central to more than one topic in biochemistry, empowering students to be effective in clinical situations and on professional licensure examinations that require integration of material These maps with links provide a visual aid to represent nonlinear relationships between facts, in contrast to crossreferencing within linear text and concepts The first example of a complete concept map can be found at the end of Chapter (Fig 1.13) Recommended use of this textbook and other resources This book is a comprehensive review of biochemistry In addition to concept maps and illustrative figures, clinical boxes are included to offer students biologic or medical application of concepts Students are also encouraged to challenge their understanding of the information that they have read through the completion of study questions at the end of each chapter and in the larger question bank available online Contents Dedication Acknowledgments Contributing Editor, Online Unit Review Questions Reviewers Preface UNIT I: Protein Structure and Function Chapter 1: Chapter 2: Amino Acids and the Role of pH Protein Structure Chapter 3: Chapter 4: Globular Proteins Fibrous Proteins Chapter 5: Enzymes UNIT II: Bioenergetics and Carbohydrate Metabolism Chapter 6: Chapter 7: Bioenergetics and Oxidative Phosphorylation Introduction to Carbohydrates Chapter 8: Chapter 9: Introduction to Metabolism and Glycolysis Tricarboxylic Acid Cycle and Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Complex Chapter 10: Gluconeogenesis Chapter 11: Glycogen Metabolism Chapter 12: Monosaccharide and Disaccharide Metabolism Chapter 13: Pentose Phosphate Pathway and Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide Phosphate Chapter 14: Glycosaminoglycans, Proteoglycans, and Glycoproteins UNIT III: Lipid Metabolism Chapter 15: Dietary Lipid Metabolism Chapter 16: Fatty Acid, Triacylglycerol, and Ketone Body Metabolism Chapter 17: Phospholipid, Glycosphingolipid, and Eicosanoid Metabolism Chapter 18: Cholesterol, Lipoprotein, and Steroid Metabolism UNIT IV: Nitrogen Metabolism Chapter 19: Amino Acids: Nitrogen Disposal Chapter 20: Amino Acids: Degradation and Synthesis Chapter 21: Amino Acids: Conversion to Specialized Products Chapter 22: Nucleotide Metabolism UNIT V: Integration of Metabolism Chapter 23: Metabolic Effects of Insulin and Glucagon Chapter 24: The Feed–Fast Cycle Chapter 25: Diabetes Mellitus Chapter 26: Obesity UNIT VI: Medical Nutrition Chapter 27: Nutrition: Overview and Macronutrients Chapter 28: Micronutrients: Vitamins Chapter 29: Micronutrients: Minerals UNIT VII: Storage and Expression of Genetic Information Chapter 30: DNA Structure, Replication, and Repair Chapter 31: RNA Structure, Synthesis, and Processing Chapter 32: Protein Synthesis Chapter 33: Regulation of Gene Expression Chapter 34: Biotechnology and Human Disease Chapter 35: Blood Clotting Appendix Index Figure Sources ... dedicated to those we teach and to those who taught us Emine Ercikan Abali, PhD Susan D Cline, PhD David S Franklin, PhD Susan M Viselli, PhD Acknowledgments We extend gratitude to the founding... Lippincott® Illustrated Reviews: Biochemistry Eighth Edition Emine Ercikan Abali, PhD Assistant Dean for Basic Science Curriculum CUNY School of Medicine New York, New York Susan D Cline, PhD. .. the Lippincott® Illustrated Reviews series (e.g., Lippincott® Illustrated Reviews: Cell and Molecular Biology) These links can help identify concepts that are central to more than one topic in biochemistry,