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Phrase and clause of Reason (MÖnh ®Ò vµ côm tõ chØ nguyªn do). 1.[r]
(1)Phrase and clause of result (Mệnh đề cụm từ kết quả) 1 Phrase of result
* Too: Qu¸
He is very short He can’t reach to the top of the shelf > He is too short to reach to the top of the shelf
This film is very boring I don’t want to see it > This film is too boring for me to see it
She speaks so quickly Everybody can’t understand him
> She speaks too quickly for everybody to understand him
S + to be (feel, smell, look ) + too + adj + for sbd + to V0
S + V + too + adv + for sbd + to V0
(Quá làm gì: Không có khả làm gì) * Enough: Đủ
This book is interesting I can read it
> This book is interesting enough for me to read He works hard He can pass the exam
> He works hard enough to pass the exam I have time I have visit you
> I have enough time to visit you
> I have time enough to visit you
S + to be (feel, smell, look ) + adj + enough + (for sbd) + to V0
S + V + adv + enough+ (for sbd) + to V0
S + V + enough + Noun + (for sbd) + to V0
(§đ cho làm gì: Có khả làm gì) 2 Clause of result
* So that: Quá mà
It was very dark I couldn’t see everything > It was so dark that I couldn’t see everything
He runs very fast I can’t catch him > He runs so fast that I can’t catch him
S + to be (feel, smell, look ) + so + adj + that S + V + O S + V + so+ adv + that S + V + O
I have many friends I can’t remember all of their names
> I have so many friends that I can’t remember all of their names
There is so little sugar that I can’t make a cake
(2)adj + a/an + singular count N
* Such that: Quá mà
He is an intelligent boy Everyone knows him
> He is such an intelligent boy that everyone knows him It is hot tea I can’t drink it
> It is such a hot tea that I can’t drink
S + V + such+ a/an + adj + singular count N + that S + V + O adj + plural count N
adj + non- count N EX: This city is so big that I want to go > It is such a big city that I want to go
It is such an expensive car that I can’t buy it > This car is so expensive that I can’t buy it
Phrase and clause of purpose (Mệnh đề cụm từ mục đích) 1 Phrase of purpose
- Để diễn tả mục đích khẳng định ta dùng cụm từ sau: To
In order to + V0 (để mà)
So as to
I get up early to/in order to/ so as to catch the train She learns hard to pass the exam
- Để diễn tả mục đích phủ định:
In order not to + V0 (để mà
kh«ng) So as not to
I took a raincoat in order not to be wet
2 Clause of purpose
(3)She hurried in order that she wouldn’t be late
S+ V(s, es) + In order that + S+ can/may/shall/will + V0
So that
S+ V(ed) + In order that + S+ could/might/should + V0
So that
Note: - Chúng ta sử dụng cụm từ mục đích to, in order to, so as to chủ ngữ mệnh đề giống
- Nếu chủ ngữ mệnh đề khác thi sử dụng cụm từ mục đích sử dụng cấu trúc
In order for sbd to + V0 (để cho làm gì)
He was in a hurry He wanted his children to go to class on time > He was in a hurry so that his children to go to class on time > He was in a hurry in order for his children to go to class on time
Phrase and clause of Reason (Mệnh đề cụm từ nguyên do)
1 Phrase of reason
N
Because of + N phrase Ving He was worried because of the rain
Because of not getting up early he was late for school
* Note: - Khi đổi từ mệnh đề sang cụm từ chủ ngữ giống ta sử dụng danh động từ
She stayed at home because she was sick > She stayed at home because of being sick
- Nếu chủ ngữ khác muốn sử dụng cụm từ nguyên phải đặt sở hữu cách trớc danh động từ
She wasn’t happy because he failed the exam > She wasn’t happy because of his failing the exam
2 Clause of reason
Đợc nối với mệnh đề từ: because, since, as
Because /since/as + S + V+ O
* Note: Since as thờng đặt đầu câu
(4)Phrase and clause of Concession (Mệnh đề cụm từ nhợng bộ)
1 Phrase of concession
N
In spite of/ Despite + N phrase Ving In spite of the rain, he went to work
Despite he bad grades, she was admitted to the university
2 Clause of result
Although, though, even though + S + V+ O Although it rained, he went to work
Although she had bad grades, she was admitted to the university
No mater + Who/what/where/ when/ why/ how (adj , adv) + S + V (dï ) No mater who you are, I still believe you
No mater what she says, I still agree with her
No mater how fast/quickly you run, I can catch you