Bảng sau là một số các tính từ đòi hỏi mệnh đề sau nó phải ở dạng giả định, trong câu bắt buộc phải có that và động từ sau chủ ngữ 2 ở dạng nguyên thể bỏ to.. advised necessary recomm[r]
(1)CHUYÊN ĐỀ CÂU GIẢ ĐỊNH - SUBJUNCTIVE
PHẦN A: LÝ THUYẾT
Khái niệm:
Câu giả định hay gọi câu cầu khiến loại câu đối tượng thứ muốn đối tượng thứ hai làm việc Câu giả định có tính chất cầu khiến khơng mang tính ép buộc câu mệnh lệnh Trong câu giả định, người ta dùng dạng ngun thể khơng có to động từ sau số động từ mang tính cầu khiến Thường có that câu giả định trừ số trường hợp đặc biệt
1 Dùng với would rather that
Ngữ pháp đại ngày đặc biệt ngữ pháp Mỹ cho phép dùng would rather mà không cần dùng that loại câu
We would rather (that) he not take this train Dùng với động từ
Bảng sau động từ địi hỏi mệnh đề sau phải dạng giả định câu bắt buộc phải có that trường hợp
advise ask command decree demand insist move order prefer propose recommend request require stipulate suggest urge
Động từ sau chủ ngữ dạng nguyên thể không chia bỏ to Nếu muốn thành lập thể phủ định đặt not sau chủ ngữ trước nguyên thể bỏ to
Subject + verb + that + subject + [verb in simple form] + … The doctor suggested that his patient stop smoking
The doctor suggested that his patient not stop smoking
Nếu bỏ that chủ ngữ trở dạng tân ngữ động từ sau trở dạng ngun thể có to, câu tính chất giả định, trở thành dạng mệnh lệnh thức gián tiếp
The doctor suggested his patient to stop smoking The doctor suggested his patient not to stop smoking
Trong ngữ pháp Anh-Anh trước động từ mệnh đề thường có should, người Anh
bỏ should sau động từ to be ngữ pháp Anh-Mỹ khơng dùng should cho tồn động từỏơ mệnh đề
3 Dùng với tính từ
Bảng sau số tính từ địi hỏi mệnh đề sau phải dạng giả định, câu bắt buộc phải có that động từ sau chủ ngữ dạng nguyên thể bỏ to
advised necessary recommended
important obligatory required
(2)urgent imperative
Lưu ý bảng có số tính từ phân từ cấu tạo từ động từ bảng Nếu muốn cấu tạo phủ định đặt not sau chủ ngữ trước nguyên thể bỏ to
It + be + adj + that + S + [verb in simple form] It is necessary that he find the books
It is necessary that he not find the books It has been proprosed that we change the topic It has been proprosed that we not change the topic
Nếu bỏ that chủ ngữ biến thành tân ngữ sau giới từ for, động từ trở dạng nguyên thể có to câu tính chất giả định trở thành dạng mệnh lệnh thức gián tiếp
It is necessary for him to find the books It is necessary for him not to find the books It has been proprosed for us to change the topic It has been proprosed for us not to change the topic Lưu ý:
Câu giả định dùng với loại thường dùng văn thư giao dịch diễn đạt lời đề nghị từ phía A -> B mà khơng có tính bắt buộc
Khơng có động từ tính từ dùng theo dạng này, tất danh từ xuất phát từ động từ tính từ buộc mệnh đề sau phải dạng giả định, diễn đạt yếu tố
There is suggestion from the doctor that the patient stop smoking It is recommendation that the vehicle owner be present at the court Thể giả định số trường hợp khác
– Dùng để diễn đạt ước muốn lời nguyền rủa, thường bao hàm lực siêu nhiên
God be with you = Good bye
Curse this toad: Chết tiệt cóc
– Dùng với động từ May số trường hợp đặc biệt sau: + Come what may = Dù nữa, dù truyện Come what may we will stand by
+ May as well not sth … if … = Có thể đừng… khơng You may as well not come if you can’t be on time
Các anh đừng đến khơng đến
+ May/Might (just) as well smt = Chẳng mà lại khơng, bọ Since nobody wants that job, we might (just) as well let him have it:
Vì khơng thích việc này, chẳng mà lại khơng cho ta làm
(3)The sign on the lawn says clearly that people may not walk on the grass (không dùng should trường hợp này)
+ May + S + link verb + adj May + S + verb + complement (Cầu chúc cho) May you both very happy: Chúc bạn bách niên giai lão
May the conference be successful: Chúc hội nghị thành công rực rỡ
Long may she live to enjoy her good fortune: Chúc cho nàng sống lâu để hưởng vận may nàng
– If need be = If necessary = Nếu cần If need be, we can take another road
– Dùng với động từ to be, bỏ to sau if để giả định chưa phân định rõ ràng hay
If that be right, then it would be no defence for this man to say he’s innocent – Let it be me: Giả sử tôi, giá phải tay
Husband: Let it be
Wife (suddenly appearing) : If that be you, what would you
– Be that as it may… = whether that is true or not… = Cho dù phải hay không Be that as it may, you have to accept
– Then so be it: Cứ phải
If we have to pay $2,000, then so be it (thì phải trả thơi) – Câu giả định dùng với it + to be + time
+ It’s time (for sb) to smt: đến lúc phải làm (Thời gian vừa vặn, khơng mang tính giả định)
It’s time for me to get to the airport: Đã đến lúc phải sân bay
+ It’s time (hightime/about time) (for sb) did smt: đến lúc mà (thời gian trễ, mang tính giả định)
It’s time I got to the airport
It’s hightime the city government did smt to stop the traffic jam
PHẦN B: VÍ DỤ
1 I enjoyed the movie very much I wish I the book from which it was made A have read B had read C should have read D am reading
2 You are late If you _ a few minutes earlier, you _him A came / Would meet B had come / Would have met
C come / Will meet D had come / would meet
3 I can’t stand him He always talks as though he _everything A knew B knows C has know D had known
(4)5 We might have failed if you _us a helping hand
A have not given B would not give C had not given D did not give
6 The law requires that everyrone his car checked at least once a month A has B have C had D will have
7 He was busy yesterday, otherwise he _to the meeting A would come B would have been
C could have been D would be
8 If there were no subjunctive mood, English _ much easier A will be B would have been
C could have been D would be
9 the fog, we should have reached our schoo1 A Because of B In spite of C In case of D But for
10 –“What will you during winter vacation?” –“I don’t know, but it’s about time something.” A I decided B I’ll decide C I’d decided D I’m deciding
11 He was very busy yesterday, otherwise, he to your birthday party A would come B came
C would have come D should come
12 The two strangers talked as if they _friends for years A should be B had been C have been D were
13 Look! What you’ve done!You _have been more careful A should B may C ought D would
14 Without electricity, what _? A will the world be like
B would the world be like C the world will be like D the World Would be like
15 With your ability, you _out the puzzle within a few minutes A could have worked
B need have worked B C ought have worked D must have worked
16 My suggestion is that the sick boy _to hospital as soon as possible A is taken B must be taken C be taken D has to be taken 17 If we had not missed the bus, we _lunch at home now
(5)18 _ here yesterday, he would attend the lecture with us today
A Had he been B If he were C Were he D Should be he 19 His tired face suggested that he _really tired after the 1ong walk A had been B was C be D should be 20 Do you feel that I _the problem in a different way the other day? A should come B should have solved C have solved D solved
21 0ur chairman hasn’t come yet If he _on time, we would have to put off the meeting A should come B would come C shouldn’t come D doesn’t come
22 He insisted that he _ really very tried and that he _to have a rest A was / be allowed B was / must be allowed
C should be / must be allowed D should be / be allowed
23 He did his best in everything / _he would not have been what he was A and B but C otherwise D but that 24 I _ I could give you a hand
A hope B wish C expect D think 25 I Would rather she _ tomorrow than today
A come B came C should D has come 26 The guard at the gate insisted that everybody _the rules
A obeys B obey C will obey D Would obey 27 I _her if I thought she would understand
A would tell B will tell C Would have to tell D told
28 The teacher requires Rose _by heart 15 English words each day A earn B to learn C must learn D 1earning 29 –“If he , he that food.”
–“Luckily he was sent to the hospital immediate1y.” A Was warmed / would not take
B had been warmed / wou1d not have taken C would be warmed / had not taken
D would have been warmed / had not taken
30 Without electricity human life _quite different today
A is B will be C would have been D Would be ĐÁP ÁN
1 B B A C
7 B D D 10 A
13 A 14 B 15 A 16 C
19 B 20 D 21 C 22 A
(6)5 C B
11 C 21 B
17 D 18 A
23 C 24 B
29 B 30 D
PHẦN C: BÀI TẬP VẬN DỤNG
Exercise 1: Chọn đáp án
1 It is important that you … your teeth twice a day A brushed
B brushing C bursh D will bursh
2 My mother would rather that my sister … how to play the piano A learns
B learn C will learn D has learned
3 I would rather I … my phone at home yesterday A don’t leave
B didn’t leave C haven’t left D hadn’t left
4 It is the time Peter … to the doctor A went
B go C goes D must go
5 The leader moved that the party … moved to next month A be
B will C is D was
6 Alice asked that all of us … her when she travels in Viet Nam A will
B are going to visit C visited
D visit
(7)A is B be C was D were
8 The law requires that everyone …… his car checked at least once a month A has
B have C will have D had
9 It is a … from his doctor that he … short trip abroad A suggest/take
B suggestion/will take C suggest/take D suggestion/take
10 –“What will you during winter vacation?” –“I don’t know, but it’s about time I … something.” A decide
B decided C will decide D am deciding
ĐÁP ÁN C
2 B D A A D B B D 10 B
Exercise 2: Chọn đáp án
1 I enjoyed the movie very much I wish I the book from which it was made A have read
B had read
(8)D am reading
2 You are late If you _ a few minutes earlier, you _him A came / Would meet
B had come / Would have met C come / Will meet
D had come / would meet
3 I can’t stand him He always talks as though he _everything A knew
B knows C has know D had known
4 His doctor suggested that he short trip abroad A will take
B would take C take D took
5 We might have failed if you _us a helping hand A have not given
B would not give C had not given D did not give
6 The law requires that everyrone his car checked at least once a month A has
B have C had
7 He was busy yesterday, otherwise he _to the meeting A would come
B would have been C could have been D would be
D will have
8 If there were no subjunctive mood, English _ much easier A will be
(9)9 the fog, we should have reached our schoo1 A Because of
B In spite of C In case of D But for
10 –“What will you during winter vacation?” –“I don’t know, but it’s about time something.” A I decided
B I’ll decide C I’d decided D I’m deciding
11 He was very busy yesterday, otherwise, he to your birthday party A would come
B came
C would have come D should come
12 The two strangers talked as if they _friends for years A should be
B had been C have been D were
13 Look! What you’ve done!You _have been more careful A should
B may C ought D would
14 Without electricity, what _? A will the world be like
C the world will be like B would the world be like D the World Would be like
15 With your ability, you _out the puzzle within a few minutes A could have worked
(10)16 My suggestion is that the sick boy _to hospital as soon as possible A is taken
B must be taken C be taken
D has to be taken
17 If we had not missed the bus, we _lunch at home now A would have had B would have
C must be having D would be having
18 _ here yesterday, he would attend the lecture with us today A Had he been
B If he were C Were he D Should be he
19 His tired face suggested that he _really tired after the 1ong walk A had been
B was C be
D should be
20 Do you feel that I _the problem in a different way the other day? A should come
B should have solved C have solved D solved
21 Our chairman hasn’t come yet If he _on time, we would have to put off the meeting A should come
B would come C shouldn’t come D doesn’t come
22 He insisted that he _ really very tried and that he _to have a rest A was / be allowed
B was / must be allowed C should be / must be allowed D should be / be allowed
23 He did his best in everything / _he would not have been what he was A and
(11)D but that
24 I _ I could give you a hand A hope
B wish C expect D think
25 I Would rather she _ tomorrow than today A come
B came C should D has come
26 The guard at the gate insisted that everybody _the rules A obeys
B obey C will obey D Would obey
27 I _her if I thought she would understand A would tell
B will tell
C Would have to tell D told
28 The teacher requires Rose _by heart 15 English words each day A 1earn
B to learn C must learn D earning
29 –“If he , he that food.” –“Luckily he was sent to the hospita1 immediate1y.” A Was warmed / would not take
B had been warmed / wou1d not have taken C would be warmed / had not taken
D would have been warmed / had not taken
30 Without electricity human life _quite different today A is
B will be
(12)D Would be
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