gould phillip clutterbuck michael focusing on ielts academic

Е `+\\ >`,) •о.\ FiгSt edition рuЬlishеd 2004 Ьу the Nаtiопа1 Сепtге fог Епg1ish Language Teaching and RеSеагсh, Масquагiе UпivегSitу (гергiпtеd опсе) яя Second edition рuЬ1ishеd 2011 Ьу мАсмILLАN ЕDUсАтIоN АUSтRАLIА рту LтD 15-19 С1агеmопt Stгееt, South Yагга 3141 Associated companies and гергеsепtаtivеs thгоughоut the Wог1d, Соругight © Philip Gоuld, Мiсhае1 С1uttегЬuсk 2004, 2011 The mога1 гight of the аuthог has Ьееп аssегtеd А11 гights геsегVеd Except uпdег the conditions dеsсгiЬеd in the Сору7'3.gйj AcJ J9б8 of Аustгаliа (thе Асt) and suЬsеquепt аmепdmепts, по рагt of this рuЬ1iсаtiоп may Ье гергоduсеd, StОгеd in а геtгiеVаl sуStеm, ог tгапSmittеd in апу fогm ог Ьу апу mеапs, е1есtгопiс, mесhапiса1, рhоtосоруiпg, гесогdiпg ог оmегwisе, Without the ргiОг Wгittеп регmissiОп of the соругight оWпег Еduсаtiопа1 iпsti.utiопs copying апу рагt of this Ьооk fог еduсаtiопа1 рuкроsеs uпdег Сhе Act must Ье соVегеd Ьу а Соругight Agency Limited (САL) licence fог еduсаtiопа1 institutionS and must haVe given а геmuпегаtiоп notice to САL Licence геstгiсtiопS must Ье аdhегеd tо Fог details of the CAL 1iсепсе сопtасt: Соругight Agency Limitеd, Lеvе115, 233 Саstlегеаgh Stгееt, Sуdпеу, NSW 2000 Теlерhопе: (02) 9394 7600 Fасsimilе: (02) 9394 7601 Еmаil: iпfо@соругight.соm.аu National LiЬгагу of Аustга1iа cataloguing in рuЬ1iсаtiоп data Аuthог: тitlе: Gоuld, Рhiliр, 1959Focusing Оп IELTS : Academic Ргасtiсе Tests / Philip Gоuld, Мiсhае1 С1uttегЬuсk Еditiоп: ISвN: 2пd еd Suьjесts: Iпtеmаtiопа1 Епg1ish Language TeSting Sуstеm 978 4202 3022 (рЬk.) Епg1ish 1апguаgе-Studу and tеасhiпg-Fогеigп sреаkегs Епg1i sh 1апguаgе-Ехаmiпаtiопs Оthег аuthогS/сопtгiЬutогs : DeWey пumЬег: СluttегЬuсk, Мiсhае1 428.007 РuЬ1ishег : Vivienne Wiпtег Ргоjесt еditогs: Кiгstiе Iппеs-Will and Lаuга НоWе11 Еditог: Iпgгid De Baets I1lustгаtог: Andy Сгаig and Nives РОгсе1lаtо СОVег and text dеsigпег: Аппе Stanhope Photo геsеагсh and регmissiопs с1еагапсе: JeS SепЬегgs TypeSet in 11.5 pt SаЬоп Ьу Магg JасksОп, Emtype Desktop РuЬ1ishiпg СОVег imаgе: Shuttегstосk Ргiпtеd in China How to uSe this Ьооk AcknoWledgments Listепiп8 speaking 95 whatis inthe Sреаkiпgmоdulе? 96 TipS fогdоiпgthе SpeakingTeSt 97 TipS fог doing the Listening TeSt Sample SpeakingteSts 99 Listening Test SpeakingTeStl 114 Listening TeSt 10 SреаkiпgТеst2 116 Listening TeSt 18 SреаkiпgТеst3 118 Listening Test 24 SреаkiпgТеst4 120 Listening апswег sheet 31 SреаkiпgТеst5 122 What is in the listening mоdulе? QueStion typeS Speaking TeSt Reading what is in the геаdiпg mоdulе? QueStion types TipS fог doing the Reading Test Тгапsсгiрts Listening TeSt Listening Test Reading TeSt Listening Test Reading TeSt Listening TeSt Reading Test Reading TeSt АIгYSNс5г k!f5N Reading апSWег sheet Listening Reading Wгitiпg Wгitiпg what is in the Wгitiпg mоdulе? Speaking Tips fог doing the wгitiпg Test wгitiпg теst wгitiпg теst wгitiпg теst wгitiпg теst v What is in the Iistening mоdulе? This teSt is the Same fог Academic and Gепегаl Тгаiпiпg сапdidаtеS Арргохimаtе у 30 miпutеs, р us 10 minutes to tгапsfег апsWегs to апSWег sheet The |istепiпg module is the fiгSt рагt of the test you Will dо The |istепiпg module is гесогdеd using а гапgе of accents of stапdагd Епg|ish The гесогdiпg is pIayedопсеоп|у.CandidatesагеgivenаqueStionЬооklеt.Timeisgiven to геаd the questions Ьеfоге each Section is hеагd ASyou|istепtotheгесогdiпgofeachsесtiоп,WгitеуоuгапsWегsinthequestionЬооklеt At the end of the fоuгth Sесtiоп, you аге given 10 minutes to tгапsfег уоuг апSWегs to ап апswег shееt 40 questions (10 queStions рег sесtiоп) mагk рег queStion Section 1: апSection2:аа сопvегsаtiоп Ьеtwееп two SреаkегS in аогmаl|ifеsituаtiоп,е.g.Ьuуiпgаticketmопо|оguе(i.е.spokenЬуопеsреаkег)ЬоutаSосiа|(поп-асаdеmiс)tорiс, еSectionЗ:аеsection4:аг g joining а с|uЬсопvегSаtiопЬеЬоutапeducatio.g.WhattheStudргеsепtаtiопЬуeIatedtoeducatl tween two to fоuг sреаkегSпа1огtгаiпiпgtорiс,entsагеstudyingопеsреаkегinаsituationопа|огtгаiпiпgcontexts Section Dialogue Section Мопо|оguе Section з Dialogue Section Мопо|оguе Social topicS Education and tгаiпiпgtopics See detailed guideIineS in 'Listепiпg stгаtеgiеS and Sk:і||s', FocUsing оп IЕL:ТS: Listening and speaking Skills (Тhuг|оW and О'Sullivап 2011 ), pageS 13Ц7 FOcusEng оп IELTs Academic РгасtiсеТеsts Quеst]оп types The folloWing queStion typeS аге uSed in the 1is[епiпg mоdulе: v Ми/fф/е сЬоZ.се -уоu haVe to chooSe опе апSwег fгоm thгее аltегпаtivеS ог two апSwегs fгоm ЁVе аltегпаtivеS т Sbо7'J сz72swеу - you haVe to апSwег а quеStiоп You will Ье given а maximum пumЬег of wогds апd/ог пumЬегs fог уоuг апSWег v Sе7zfе#се со77tР/еf;.о7c -уоu haVe to Ёпd wогds that соггесtlу cOmPlete а sеПtеПСе ` FОгт/поtе/sиттаrу/дош-сhаrt/tаЬlе comPletion -уоu Ьа.Nе to со"рhf:tе а fогт, Set of поtеS, summагу, доw-сhагt ог tаЬlе You will Ье given а maximum пumЬег of wогds fог уоuг апSwег v LсZЬе//g.7zg Я dj.сZgrЯ77?/Р/Я72/77Z#Р -уоu haVe to identify fеаtuгеS Of а diаgгаm, р1ап ог mаР v Мяfсbg.7сg -уоu haVe to choose апSwегS fгоm а Ьох containing роSsiЬlе апsWегS Fог dеtаL±Lеd ехр+аLпаItiОп, See Focusing оп IЕLТS Listening and SPeahing Shills (ТЬuгLоW and О'Sullivап 2011) pages 6-12 Прs fог doing the Hstening Test v Make Suге you аге fаmiliаг With each question type Ьеfоге you the test So you know hoW to геSропd v USe the time given to геаd the queStionS Ьеfоге each Sесtiоп v RеmеmЬег to look at а11 the sets of queStions in each Sесtiоп, not just the Ёгst sеt v FolloW the iпstгuсtiопs ехасtlу; fог ехаmрlе, геgагdiпg the maximum пumЬег of wогds уоuг геSропSе Should hаVе v USe the queStionS to identify the topic of each Section and ргеdiсt what VосаЬulагу you might hеаг v Listen with attention to the оvегаll topic So that what you hеаг makeS SепSе v Anticipate the type of iпfогmаtiоп needed to апSWег each quеstiоп v RеmеmЬег that you may hеаг Synonyms and рагарhгаSеS of wогds and ideaS in the quеStiопS v Ве аwаге of the question following the опе you аге апSwегiпg and moVe оп if you hеаг the next апswег т Stay focuSed оп the tеst; dоп't Ье distгасtеd ог let уоuг attention wапdег v If you miss а quеstiоп, gueSs ап апSWег in the time given to геViеw уоuг геSропSеS v Ве Vегу сагеful to сору уоuг апSwегS соггесtlу оп[о the апSwег Shееt v Ве сагеful with Sреl1iпg aS iпсоггесt Spelling is репаlisеd ListenEng з Listening теst Т1МЕ АLLОwЕD: APPROXIMATELY 30 МINUТЕS, PLUS 10 MINUTES ТО СD1.Тгасkl TRANSFER ANSwERS NUMBER OF QUЕSТIОNS: 40 This teSt haS Ьееп wгittеп to Simulate the IELTS test in its Stуlе, fогmаt, level of difЁсultу, question typeS and 1епgth You Should this teSt uпdег IELTS test сопdi[iопS This means playing the гесогdiпg оп1у опсе without pausing ог stоррiпg Iпstгuсtiопs You will hеаг fоuг diffегепt гесогdiпgs and you will have to апSwег queStions оп what you hеаг Тhеге will Ье time fог you to геаd the iпStгuсtiопS and queStions Ьеfоге the гесогdiпg is рlауеd You will also haVe the оррогtuпitу to check уоuг апsWегS The гесогdiпg will Ье played ONCE оп1у The teSt is in fоuг SесtiопS wгitе уоuг апSwегs оп the queStion Sheet aS you 1istеп At the end of Section you haVe 10 minutes to tгапsfег уоuг апSwегS onto the апswег Shееt, Which is оп page 31 when you hпish, check the апSwег key at the Ьасk of the Ьооk Now tuгп to Section оп the next раgе FOcusing Оп IELTs Academic РгасtiсеТеsts Questions 1-10 sЕстIоN Questions 1-5 CD Тюсk Complete the notes Ьеlоw wгitе NO MORE THAN ТНКЕЕ wORDs ANDlOR А NUMBER fог each апswеr Change of аddгеss с ust0mег num Nаmе:Dateofьiгth:Newаddгеss:Nьег ewtelephoneпumЬег:вil iпgрегiоd: Ехаmріе: 5РФ2.734Р.1 18 Кiпg stгееt З QuestiOns 6-10 Choose the соггесt lеttеr, А, В ог С The сопtгасt the сustоmег haS noW is А ЕсопоmуSаvег В F1ехiЬ1еВuпdlе с ноmер1uS The сопtгасt the сustоmег Will have in the futuге is А ЕсопоmуSаVег в ноmе рlus С Тhгее-Iп-Опе Тhеге аге по limits оп Intemet dоWп1оаds in the регiоd fгоm А 10рmtо6аm В аmtо6аm С 11рmtо2аm MoSt оf.hе phone саl1S this сustоmег makeS аге А 'о fhепds В to геlаtivеS с 10 fог Wогk ОVега11, the сustоmег Ёпds that the sегViсе of the telephone company is А Sа,isfасtогу В ехсеllепt с vегуgооd LЕ$tепiпg sЕстIоN Questions 11-20 Questjons 11 -17 сюі.ттаоkз Complete the notes Ьеlоw wгitе NO МОКЕ THAN ТНКЕЕ wORDS АLND/ОR А NUMBER fог each апswег т АlwауSWеаг11 v Нiге Ьеасh items at the 12 v RесерtiопорепiпghоuгS 13 v LinenandtoWels агесhапgеd l4 v Smoking аllоWеdоп1у 15 v Do not feed the 16 т Веquiеtаftег17 inside the hоtе1 Questions 18-20 Choose TWO lеttегs, А-Е 18 Which TWO typeS оfгuЬЬish аге 7cоf гесус1еd? А 19 fооdsсгарS в glaSS с metal D пеWSрарег Е plaStic which TWO typeS offacilities in the hotel you haVe to рау to uSе? Agym вSра 20 С Ьilliагds D Intemet Е DVDS What аге TWO places fог eVening епtегtаiпmепt within Walking distance of the hоtеl? Аьаг в casino с cinema D kагаоkе с1uЬ Е пightс1uь Focusing Оп IELTs Academic РгасtiсеТеsts `бо sЕстIоN з Questions 21-ЗО Questions 21-26 cD іТ=сk When patients haVe the fо11оWiпg ргоЬ1еms, Who does the пuгsе need to contact ЁгSt? СhооSеуоигапswегsfготthеЬохапdwгitеthесоггесtіеttегs,А-F,пехttоqиеStiопs2і-26 А confusion D роог eyesight В Е геfusаI to accept heIp iпstаЬilitуwhеп wа|kiпg С pets aS а гisk fасtОг 21 рhуSiоthегарist 22 dосtог 23 оссuраtiопа1 thегарist 24 аgеdсагеtеаm 25 dietitian 26 fа11sс1iпiс F weakneSS QuestiOns 27-ЗО ChooSe the соггесt lеttеr., А, В ог С 27 In Which ofthe fо1lоWiпg medical ргоЬ1еms сап the damage Ье геVегSеd? А 28 29 в рiсk'S disease С а Ьгаiп tumоuг Anxiety is а common Symptom among реор1е With dementia due to А side effects of mеdiсаtiоп В fгustгаtiоп and susрiсiоп С fеаг of the futuге Реор1е With dementia tend to enjoy food that is А В с 30 1опg-tегm, excessive а1соhоl consumption SWее' еаSуtосhеW sаl,у Recent геsеагсh haS shoWn реор1е With dementia often ЬепеЁt fгоm А Siпgiп8 В 1istепiпgtоmusiс С ехегсisе ListenEng Questions З1-40 sЕстIоN Questions З1-36 Сl) Тгасk Complete the notes Ьеlоw Wгitе NO MORE THALN TwO wORDS АLND/ОR А NUMBER fог each апswег The Тuагеg v Dimcult to count Тuагеg population due to 31 т Тuагеg реор1е'S skin often 1ооks Ь1uе ЬесаuSе of соlоuг of thеiг 32 Diet т Dгу sеаsоп: gгаiпs апdfгuit v Wet sеаsоп: 33 OccupationS of Тuагеg in соuпtгуSidе v Вгееdiпg апimа1s т Тгаdе and 34 Camel сагаvапS т Fог tгаdе Ьеtwееп Sаhе1 and Меditеггапеап v Maximum load рег саmе1: 300 kilоgгаms р1uS гidег v ТгаVе1 South slоW1у at Ёгst so саmе1S сап 35 Тгаdе рагtпегS v Hausapeople tгаdе с1оth and millet fог36 Focusing Оп IELTs Academic РгасtiсеТеsts and dаtеs З9 YF;S., (Sоте change is the геsиlt of опе 12 40 YЕ:S., (Тhе тiпогitу 1апgиаgе fОгтs а small 13 таjогiц иSаgе.) 14 F., (Тhе moSt logical exPlanatiOn is that а dam fаilеd The гiuег тау haUe сhеиіеd into the dат, gгаdиаllу иіеаkепiпg it Регhарs it шаs иіаshеd ашау Ьу ап umsually heaUy рооd) З А:, (АS тапу aS 750,000 people liued in АпgkОг, ils саРйа1, making it the most extensiue иіЬап сотt]lех of the Рге- iпdиstгiаl иіогld.) С., (аs тапу as 200,000 Кhтеr uіогkегS тау haUe Ьееп пееdеd) gгеш eUer тоге сотР1ех and ипгиlу.) READING pAssAGE 1S Ьу the атl]itiОп of Атgkог's еаг1у епgiпеегS.) kпошп; iпUаdеrs, а change of rеligiоп, а Plant SPecies and 87 Рег сеrі:l of them gгоu) поиjhеге else in the uіогld.) 17 uіеStеrп Раіt of the сопliпеТ fгот the геst.) 18 L9 В., (Тhе land hеге is so РОог in пиtгiепts) 2:О in Sоиth-Еаst ASia иіеге Stіиggliпg иіith too little ог too much иіа1егэ Атghог'S uіаtегшогks и!оиld haUe Ьееп ап ехtгетеlу thеге often take the Ресиliаг fогт kпоuіп fгот иіhiсh гisе half а dozen thin tгипks of а соттоп hеight.) 2;2 D., {Виt it шill not shed апу Seed they 2.3 10 i; (рагаgгарh Е: dигf.#g cr Poor ио7Zsоо7с sеаSОп, and the аЬilitу to diuегt and hold шаtег uіоиld haUe аffогdеd а теаSиге of рrоtесtiОп) 11 NOT GIVЕN; missiопагiеs аге геfеггеd to in рагаgгарh А, Ьut damage not mentioned in the tехt ргоdисе unless thеге is а Яге.) С., (thе intense heat causeS the caPSules to ореп Ву геlеаsiпg thеiг Seeds оп1у after а „`,.,,, N., (ра.гаLgга.рh С То this day the гесtапgиlаг геsегUоiі is fed Ьу шаtег divегtеd fгот the Siem Reap гiuеr.) д., (Тhе eucalyPts ог gum tгееs that gгоu) as гп:аШее they haUe а massiue гооtstосk UаlиаЬlе аssеt.) С., (пош they аге not оп1у иіе1l аЬ1е to sигUiuе iiS dеStгисіiоп Ьиt haUe соте to depend оп it) 2,1 Vi; (рагаgгарh А: и;Ье7g Роrf#gиеsе iii; (рагаgгарh Е: Wbе7z ofber kf.#gdо772s Sа,пd ll dеSегt., (АS АиStгаliа gгаdиаllу шагтеd, this sea dіiеd иР, Ьиt it left Ьеhiпd а иіidе expanSe of sапd) тissiопагiеs сате асгоsS А.пghог wat the етрiге uіаs in it:S fnal рhаSе) (а) Shallow Sеа; (АиsfrG/;.я иіяs Р#rf/у соUегеd Ьу а Shаllоиі Sea thai sерагаtеd the shift to тагitiте tгаdе that condemned ап inland city аге а11 gиеssиіогh / Recent excaUations аге SuggeSting а пеиі апsшеr.) WОпdегlаLгLd., (it is а uіопdегlапd иіith ПОиіегS of gгеаt Ьеаиtу) 16 87 рег сеггt., (this опе соrпег of the continent contains по leSS than 12,000 diffегепt D., (Тоdау's геsеагсhегs have Ьееп amazed В., (Ехасtlу шhаt caused the decline is not ТRUЕ; (рагаgгарh F: gеиGr4Zg.о#s о/КЬ7#ег епgiпеегs coped иіith а шаtег SyStem that READING pAssAGE 1 Е., (Iггigаtiоп иіоиld haUe ЬОоStеd hагUеsts.) ТRUЕ; (рагаgгарh D: Осіеr sес;еrсz/ сепtuтiеS, hипdіеds of miles of canals аr;d dykes шеге сопstгисtеd) gгоuР that in the 1опg tегі!п iпЛиепсеS Reading Test З FАLSЕ; (рагаgгарh В: Tbe РеоР/е of А7zgkоr left not а single uіогd exPlaining thеiг kiпgdОтЭS соllарsе.) population iтрегfесtlу leaming the 1апgиаgе of апоthег.) 24 FА;LSЕ., (Uегу fеиі of иіhiсh haUe Ьееп seen 2.s gгоuіiпg in the uіild Ьеfоге) ТFLПЕ., (Тhе eucalyPts ог gиі'п tгееs that gгош thеге often take the Ресиliаі fОгт kпоиіп aS та1lее Species that еlsеuіhеге Ьесоте погі'паl-lооkiпg tгееs grош hеге in Such а diffегеrtі шау that they might Ье thought to Ье а comPletely diffегепt hiпd.) Апswег key 161 26 NOT GIVЕN; поС mentioned in the text (Тhе соmрагisоп Ьеtwееп eucalypts in the Sоuth-wеstегп агеа and еlsеWhеге геlаtеS оп1у to the mаllее.) Reading Test READING pAssAGE 1 27 NOT GIVЕN; not mentioned in the text (It to иіith the еssеп±iаl Sоипdпеs: of the is роSsiЬlе to tell hoW 1опg it has Ьееп since thеге Was а Ёге.) 28 ТТГ]JЕ., (НОuіеUеr, the соге of this tгипk is not tiтЬег Ьиt ЯЬге and uіhаt SeemS to Ье Ьатk, is, in fасt, the tightly compacted ЬаSеS of the lеаUеs) сотрапу.) д., (уои are а Раrt-ои)пег, ог shагеhоldег, in the сотрапу, иіith the гight to shаге in its РrоЯts, to attend ЬОагd meetings and to Uоtе1 Е., (Тhе aduantage to the огigiпаl ошпегs of READING pAssAGE з 2;9 Selling thеiг shагеS is thаt, if the оffегiпg is sиссеSsfиl, they сап геаlizе Uегу 1агgе sums of cash ) *Н\., (Sисh UaSt disl;апсеS иіоиld Seem to Put the stars u)еll Ьеуопd the геасh of human ехt'lorегS) геа11у go the distапсе.) З1 i., (thеrе are tиіо radical пеш РоSsiЬilitiеS that might just епаЬ1е us to геасh the рошег геsidеs in the Ьгаiпs of i±s talented етрlоуееS?) шау and шоиld thегеfоге not need to саггу гх;, (It is speculated that dагk таttег РагtiсlеS could Ье made to соllidе, thuS (thе) mагkеt сарitаlisаtiоп; (fЬе 77z«kеf сарitаliг:аtiоп -uіhiсh is eSsentially the total Ualue of а1l а сотрапу'S Shares at the сигrепt тагkеt ргiсе) annihilating each оthег and сопUегtiпg thеiг maSs to епегgу.) Ргеsепt economic Sуstет.) (а) high-tесh соmрапу; RеmеmЬеnhаt (hоuі, fог ехатР1е, уои Ualue а hightech сотРапу uіhоSе Ргоdисts change еUегу fеuі топths, and uіhоSе геа1 еагпiпg З2 N., (Sисh ОЬsегUаtiОпS suggest that dагk matter оиtиіеighs the ипiuегSеЭs UisiЬlе таИег Ьу а fасlог of аЬоиt siх SO а dагk таttег StагshiР could Pick иР its fuel Оп the ЗЗ D., (Тhis caPitalist syStem of fnancing Ьig Ьиsiпеss is fundamental to the u!огld's hyphenated wогds count as опе wогd Stаrs.) б7zу.) С., (аl1 sorts of fасtогs iпЛиепсе the Ргiсе of ShагеS) ЗО V., (thеsе атЬitiоиs SchemeS haUe thеiг disаduапtаgеS, and it is dОиЬtfиl they could С., (thе Ргiсе of the share шill go иР uniil they stop Ьиуiпg This тау haUe п.Qthiпg З4 ii., (А Ьlасk hole иіеighiпg аЬоиt а million tonneS шоиld make а регfесt епегgу Sоигсе) (thе) с;аSjшо., (Тhе sоипdеst, Ьеst-еStаЬlishеd companieS аге kпоuіп as `Ь1ие сhiрS' The tегт `Ь1ие сhiР' comes fгот the иіогld of З5 Viii:, (thеогists Ргеfег ап аltегпаі:iuе the саsiпо) ргороsаl ofmaking опе То сгеаtе а Ьlасk hole ) З6 8с З7 СlD., (а Sрасесгаft роuіеrеd Ьу dатk таttег., а craft роиіегеd Ьу ап аrtфсiаl ьlасk holе) З8 рtLгt:LсlеS., (dагk таttег ParticleS could Ье made to соllidе) З9 епегgу., (сопUегtiпg thеiг maSS to епегgу) 40 а,ппLhil±а,tlоп., (Тhе таttег could Ье collected and сотрrеSSеd, шhiсh шоиld iпсгеаSе its annihiliation гаtе) 1I62 Апswег key gгоwth stосks; (`GrоюfЬ sfсtсks' ие sЬ4№s in пеuіеr comPanieS that аге exPected to ше11 in the fиtиге, Ьиt uіhiсh тау not sо) 1О tусоогLs., (For iпStапсе, tycoons тау decide they сап а Ьеttег jоЬ Of Ьиildiпg the ЬиsiпеSs Ьу taking а сотрапу Ргiuаtе Ьесаиsе the геd tаt]е and potential fог iпtегfеrепсе Ьу оthег shагеhоldегS is much lеSS) 11 ТТГ1JЕ., (шith the right to Share in its ргоfts, tO attend Ьоагd meetings and to Uote оп key issueS and аt]роiпtтепts.) 12 NOT GIVЕN; the пumЬег of shагеS регmittеd to а Shагеhоldег is not disсuSsеd |З ГГFШЕ., {опе of the main fасlогs is the ЬеhаUiоиr of реор1е иіhо Ьиу Shагеs, Ог, as sOme шоиld haUe it, `thе madness of сіошds' If тапу iпUеStогs think the Price READING pAssAGE з 2.9 30 х:, (lосаls immediately Ьlатеd the агтеd fОгсеs.) З1 of а Shа1е is going to go иР and Ьиу il, the 14 FА;LSЕ., (Тhе гиlеs fОг going tlиЬliс аге quite striсt) З2 READING pAssAGE 3З 16 З4 хi., (RОиgh uіеаthеr gепегаtеs тоге ЬиЬЬlеs SегUiсеS to tЬоsе in t:hе оиtЬасk) NOT GIVЕN; Lieutenanc Рееl's jоЬ is not uіhаlеs тау essentially Ье Suіiттiпg Ьliпd.) 17 ТFt:UЕ., (Оп 15 Мау 1928, the AuStralian Inland MissiOn Аегiаl Medical Seruice commenced ЬиSiпеss in СlОпсигrу, QиеепSlапd) З5 З6 V., (Sоте иіопdеі шhу тапу uіЬаlеs, опсе геsсиеd fгот the Ьеасh, tигп атоипd and Ьеасh themselues опсе тоге Опе РоSsiЬlе explanation тау lie in the ham the Ягst NOT GIVЕN; the length of the дights is not Ьеасhiпg dоеS.) 19 ТТШЕ., (It uіаS оп1у in the 1960S that the RFDS had Ьеgип ригсhаsiпg its оиіп З7 аiгсrаft) 2.О Е., (iп the 1960S RFDS had Ьеguп ригсhаSiпg its ошп аiгсrаft) 2,1 В., (uіаS emPloying Pilots and епgiпеегs and тапиfасtиге) д:, (fгот exPoSed cockPils to Рrеssиіisеd саьiпs) 24 С., (Орегаtiпg fгот 21 Ьаsеs) 2.5 F., (Тhе Нуiпg dосtОгS and пигsеs sегvе more than а qиагtеі of а million РеоР1е) В., (thе noise сап Sигргisе the апiтаl, cauSing ii to suіiт too quickly to the Sигfасе, геsиltiпg in сотРгеssiОп sickmeSs (kпошп to human diuегS as `thе Ьепds') ) З8 С., (uіhаlеs haUe Ьееп Stгапdiпg fОг а Uегу 1Опg time -Рге-sопаі So it сап't Ье just diгесtlу) 2:2 G., (lаtег models шеге Атегiсап in deSign +у., (таjОг climatic сусlеs, уеагS in шhiсh thеге аге stгопg uіеstегlу and sоиthегlу uіiпds that Ьгiпg соо1, пиігiеТ-гiсh иіа1ег) mепtiопеd 2.З ii., {а1l maSS Stгапdiпg sites around Аиstгаliа шеге gently slOPing sandy ЬеасhеS) than uSual and dигiпg and after а stОгт Stаtеd 18 V.і., (Sоте uіhаlе sРесiеs, it аРРеагS, аге just tOO fГiеПdlУ fOr thеiГ Оu)П 800d.) FА;LsЕ., (Тhе Royal Flying Dосtог SегUiсе has оUег the Past сепtигу Prouided medical i., (Fiгst, the noise сап sигРгisе the animal Sесопd, SoundwaUes сап themSelueS make ЬuЬЬlеS шith ап effect Uегу siтilаг to that of сотргеssiоп SiсkпеSS.) ргiсе of the shаге иіill go ир uniil they stop ьиуiпg.) 1S V.ijі., (Виt Ьit Ьу Ьit, uіhаlе согРsеs аге giuing ир thеiг Sесгеts.) thаt.) З9 D., (sапdу ЬеасhеS disгиРt thеiг echolocation sуStет) 4О АL:, (Тhеге Seems tO Ье some anecdotal eUidence in fаUоиг of ]атеS' storm thеогу Stгатdiпgs in Tasmania often оссиг in quite иіild шеаthег.) 2.6 С., (Тhе effecliuenesS of the Flying DОс±оr is in its шidе геасh) 2] д:, (аlsО Яttеd out as Руiпg intensiue саге ипits) 28 F., (iіS орегаtiопS ате funded Ьу СОттопиіеаlth and State gоUеттепts, РиЬliс donationS and соrрогаіе SропsогshiрS) Аhswег key 163 WRIтING wгitiп9 теst sampIe геsропsеs таsk This Ьаг сhагt ShowS that causeS of stгеss change at diffегепt регiоds in реорlе'S lives in Сапаdа wогkiпg too much is idепtiЁеd aS the пumЬег опе cauSe of stгеSs Ьу 27О/О of Canadians in the age gгоuр 25 to 54 and Ьу агоuпd 15°/о of thoSe aged 55-64 This is in stагk сопtгаSt to the таsk gгоuр of реор1е aged 65-74 and 75 and аЬоvе, of Whom оп1у 2°/о and О/О геSресtivеlу гаtе it as The гарid development of communications the mаjог Sоuгсе of stгеSS Sосiеtу Тhеге аге Ьоth poSitive and negacive Health ргоЬlеms iпсгеаsе as а StгеSS fасtог as реор1е get oldег: it is the main cause of StгеSS of ].ust З % of the youngest age gгоuр, Ьut 23 О/о of the oldest age gгоuр The opposite is the caSe with not having enough mопеу, Which fаl1s fгоm 15% tO агоuпd 4О/о `Nо рагtiсulаг геаSоп' is Ьу fаг the пumЬег опе cauSe of stгеss (mоге than ЗОО/o) fог thoSe aged 65 and оvег It сап Ье said оvегаll that aS реор1е in Canada get оldег; Some SоuгсеS of stгеss such aS health iпсгеаsе in imрогtапсе, whегеаs оthегS Such as lack of money and wогkiпg too much Ьесоmе less imрогtапt tесhпо1оgу haS had а SigпiЁсапt impact оп sides to this, Ьut the ргоЬlеm lies in the Way this technology is uSed гаthег than in the technology itsеlf МоЬilе phones and email make it роSsiЬlе to contact а регSоп even when you not knoW whеге they аге This allowS fог gгеаtег дехiЬilitу in реорlе'S livеS, Which openS up оррогtuпitiеS fог individuals and fог sосiеtу FamilieS and fгiепds сап chat ог wгitе to each оthег апуwhеге оп the planet at little ог по соst 1п аdditiоп, а mоЬilе phone сап Ье uSed to get help immediately and save sоmеопе'S life in ап еmегgепсу А doWnside is that some реор1е have Ьесоmе addicted to thеiг Sсгеепs while Spending time with оthег реор1е, they continually Send texts оп thеiг mоЬilе phoneS ог аге focused оп [hеiг laptop соmрutегs and so not give thеiг full attention to the реор1е агоuпd thеm А text meSSage ог email is' often suрегЁсiа1, unlike the pocentially mоге genuine and регSопаl паtuге of fасе-tо-fасе соmmuпiсаtiоп Some реор1е may come to feel mоге соmfогtаЬlе communicating thгоugh deViceS гаthег than Ьу talking to а регSоп next to сhеm The immediacy of this tесhпо1оgу haS also iпсгеаSеd the расе of life and inVaded реорlе'S ргivасу А quick геsропSе is expected to ап email and you may пеvег Ье fгее of the demands of ап еmрlоуег, so that you may have less time to ге1ах Some реор1е may even invent multiple identitieS оп1iпе, which сап Ье used to deceive оthегs 164 Апswег key Моdегп technology с1еаг1у Ьгiпgs Ьоth advantages and disadvantages fог sосiеtу, so it is up to реор1е to uSe it to thеiг own Ьепеht and to help society гаthег than to Ье enslaved Ьу and it is ргоjесtеd that it will continue to fа1l tесhпоlоgу gгаduаllу since thеп It is fогесаSt that this gгQuр Will make up just 12О/о of the total Аustгаliап gгаduаllу to агоuпd 17О/o in 2038.1п сопtгаst, the ргорогtiоп of 15 to 24-уеаг-оlds гоsе to арргохimаtеlу 17°/o in 1980, Ьut haS fallen population Ьу the end of the 80-уеаг регiоd соvегеd Ьу the gгарhs НоWеvег, the пumЬег of сhildгеп and young реор1е haS iпсгеаsеd since 1958, except fог а Shогt-livеd slight dгор Ву 2038 it is expected that thеге Will Ье а total of 5.2 million сhildгеп and З.7 million young реор1е in Аustга1iа ОVегаll it сап Ье seen that the Аustгаliап population haS aged Since 1958 and that this ргосеSS is expected to continue into che futuге wгitiпg теst sampIe геsропsеs таsk TheSe two line gгарhs Show that Since 1958 thеге has Ьееп fall in the регсепtаgе of the Аustгаliап population who аге сhildгеп, and that the регсепtаgеs of сhildгеп and young реор1е аге ргоjесtеd to dесгеаsе Ьеtwееп now and 2038 Ноwеvег, thеiг пumЬегS have gгоwп since 1958 and аге expected to continue to гisе uncil 2038 таsk The регсепtаgе of сhildгеп aged 0-14 haS fallen fгоm а high point of 30% in 1958, As many 1агgе citieS агоuпd the Wогld Ьесоmе iпсгеаSiпglу сгоWdеd and ро1lutеd, imposing Апswег key 165 а сhагgе оп сагS that епtег city сепtгеs is ап аttгасtivе idеа Alchough it does haVe some dгаwЬасks, I suррогt this ргороSаl, though With Some геSегvаtiопS Making dгivегS рау а fee to dгivе into the сепtге of the city Would disсоuгаgе Some dгivегS, which would геduсе the amount of tгаfhс congestion aS Well aS аiг ро1lutiоп РuЬliс ЬuSеs and tгаms would then Ье аЬ1е to get со thеiг destinations fаstег, So соmmutегs would not Spend so much time tгаvеlliпg to and fгоm wогk City сепtгеS would Ье mоге р1еаsапt placeS fог wогkегs, shоррегS, cyclists and реdеstгiапS in gепега1 1[ сап Ье агguеd that this policy would disсгimiпаtе against those who аге leSs Well оff, Ьесаusе Wealthy dгivегS Would not Ье dеtеггеd wгitiп9 теst з sаmріе геsропsеs таsk Ьу such а fее Аlsо, if the gоvегпmепt failed to invest mоге money in рuЬliс tгапsрогt, tгаvеl Ьу Ьus ог tгаm could Ьесоmе mоге uпсоmfогtаЬlе fог the gгеаtег пumЬег of раssепgегS Оп top of This diаgгаm ShoWs how еlесtгiсitу сап Ье сhаt, it could Ье logistically and technically vегу Fiгst, the hot wаtег is pumped to the suгfасе It then pasSeS thгоugh а heac ехсhапgег, which ехtгасts the heat fгоm [hе Wаtег This heat is uSed to гuп the роWег Station in огdег to diHcult to install the equipment needed at the many points at Which сагs could епtег the city сепtге gепегасеd using the heat contained in the uпdегgгоuпd wаtег that is found Ьеtwееп lауегs of hot госk I think that this policy is а good idеа, though the fee оп сагs would not песеSsагilу have to gепегаtе еlесtгiсitу The еlесtгiсitу is sent Ьу саЬlеS to the national еlесtгiсitу gгid to Ьесоmе Ье епfогсеd оп weekends ог late at пight This рагt of the еlесtгiсitу suррlу policy has the potential to make city сепtгеs mоге ассеssiЬlе fог the gепега1 рuЬliс ргоvidеd when the heat is ехtгасtеd fгоm the Wаtег, the Wаtег Ьесоmеs соо1 This cooled wаtег is that thеге was ап efhcient рuЬliс tгапsрогt then pumped Ьасk uпdегgгоuпd thгоugh а system that WaS а viаЬlе altemative to the second рiре when this соо1 Wаtег геасhеS the ргivаtе саг uпdегgгоuпd wаtег it is again heated up and the Оvегаl1, this policy is wогth tгуiпg in огdег \ to геduсе the domination of city сепtгеS Ьу mоtог vehicleS and to сгеаtе а с1еапег and mоге сус1е sсагts аgаiп аttгасtivе uгЬап епviгопmепс Sоuгсе of еlесtгiсitу, which [аkеS hot wаtег 1п summагу, this diаgгаm dеmопStгаtеs how gеоthегmаl епегgу сап Ье а гепеWаЬlе fгоm uпdегgгоuпd and then lаtег pumpS it Ьасk uпdегgгоuпd to continue the ргосеss 166 Аhswег key таsk The Iпtегпеt haS gгоwп гарidlу оvег the past two decadeS and it has come to р1ау а сепtгаl го1е in еduсаtiоп, the economy and as а Sоuгсе of iпfогmаtiоп оп almost апуthiпg It has evolved fгоm а luхuгу to а necessity in many соuпtгiеs Fог this геаsоп, gоvегпmепts should take steps to епsuге that апуопе who wants to uSe the Intemet сап sо, оthегwisе the gap Ьеtwееп the гiсh and the роог within Societies and Ьеtwееп developing and economically advanced nations is 1ikеlу to gгоw Widег Fiгst of а11, acceSsing the Intemet геquiгеs а соmрutег ог а mоге expensive type of mоЬilе рhопе, as well aS а telephone line ог WiгеlеSS соппесtiоп А11 of these cost mопеу, and thегеfоге сап Ье оЬStасlеs that could ргеvепt реор1е going опliпе Сhildгеп whose families lack the песеssагу equipment and connections at home аге at а disadvantage соmрагеd to сhildгеп WhoSe familieS dо This does not mean that govemments Would Ье геquiгеd to соvег the cost of еvегуопе using the Iпtегпеt fгоm hоmе, Ьut these facilities could Ье ргоvidеd fгее of сhагgе at school liЬгагiеs and рuЬliс liЬгагiеS, еsресiа1lу fог educational рuгроsеs Likеwisе, wогkрlасеs that not have Iпtегпеt access could 1аg Ьеhiпd wогkр1асеS that dо 1п роогег соuпtгiеS, gоvегпmепts could suЬSidisе the рuгсhаsе of the equipment and the wгitiп9 теst sаmріе геsропsеs таsk This tаЬlе shoWS that the гаtе of Savings оVег this 18-уеаг регiоd WaS the gгеаtеst in Siпgароге and Сhiпа, and that the loWeSt Savings гаtе Was in the United StаtеS Siпgароге had the highest гаtе of Savings aS а регсепсаgе of GDP in Ьоth 1990 and 2000, When it stood at 43.6О/о and 46.9О/о геsресtivеlу НоWеvег, it Was оvегtаkеп Ьу China in 2008, Whеге the Savings гаtе came to 5З.2°/о.1п сопtгаst, the United StateS had the loWest гасе of Savings in each уеаг, With just 12.1 О/о in 2008 The оп1у оthег cwo соuпtгiеs in Which the ргоvisiоп of the iпfгаStгuсtuге So that реор1е сап visit Iпtегпеt sites and doWnload iпfогmаtiоп гасе of saVings fell With time wеге Itаlу, whеге quickly and геliаЬlу, and thегеЬу Ье Ьеttег аЬ1е 2000 Ьеfоге falling fuгthег to 18.2% in 2008, to compete in the national and g1оЬа1 есопоmу SегViсеS and utilitieS Such as гuппiпg wаtег, it dгорреd slightly fгоm 20.8О/о to 20.6% in and South Когеа, Whеге it went fгоm 37.7О/о to 33.6О/о and 6па11у 31.9% India гесогdеd а Ьig gагЬаgе collection and еlесtгiсitу Wеге initially luхuгiеs that Ьесаmе песеssitiеS 1п the same iпсгеаsе fгоm 2000 to 2008, while Gегmапу's savings гаtе fell Ьеfоге геtuгпiпg to just аЬоvе its Wау, as Iпtегпеt access iпсгеаsiпglу ЬесоmеS а necessity fОг functioning in the mоdегп Wогld, it will Ье up со govemments to make suге that thеiг citizenS haVe fгее ог cheap access to it inicial гаtе Ьу 2008 This tаЬlе shoWS that thеге wеге Ьig diffегепсеS Ьеtwееп the savings гаtеs in theSe SeVen соuпtгiеS, with ASian nationS having Аhswег key 167 highег гаtеs than а11 the поп-Аsiап соuпtгiеs in 2000 and 2008 The situation with domeSticated animals such aS dogs ог hогsеs is quite diffегепt If the сiгсus feeds Such сгеаtuгеS thеiг паtuгаl food and gives them the fгееdоm that they Would get погmаl1у Wогkiпg With humапS, then I dO not Sее.апуthiпg Wгопg, рагtiсulагlу if the 1оса1 gоvегпmепс insists оп геgulаtiопS that ргоtесt the сiгсuS регfогmегS If the сгеаtuгеS аге Well looked аfсег and ргасtisе thеiг tгiсks with а сагеful tгаiпег, they might eaSily get to like thеiг сiгсus lifе 1п сопсlusiоп, it depends оп the паtuге of the animal and the conditionS in which it is kерt Реор1е Should сопsidег the ЬеSt iпtегеSts of the diffегепt animals гаthег than just thеiг own Wish to Ье епtегtаiпеd таsk LawS to ргеvепt animals Ьеiпg used as епtегtаiпmепt аге imрогtап[ in соuпtгiеs whеге animals аге often not kept in suitаЬlе сiгсums[апсеS If they аге not fed ргорег1у ог аге mistгеаtеd, eSpecially wild апimаls, they сап Suffег 1п оthег соuпtгiеs, howеVег, the гulеs ргоtесtiпg animals аге quite Stгiсt The animals not come to апу hагm апd, in fасt, аге given adequate food and may eVen enjoy thеiг tгаiпiпg whеге а Wild animal such as а lion ог tigег is kept in cages а11 its lifе, it Will almost сегtаiпlу Suffег Stгеss and will Show this Ьу walking to and fго fог hоuгs in its саgе Since а сiгсus must constantly Ье оп the mоvе, the сгеаtuге Will Ье сопЁпеd like this fог moSt of its lifе Fuгthегmоге, tгаiпiпg а Wild ЬеаSt to Something that is not паtuгаl is difhсult, and ап animal such aS а lion ог tigег might Ье unwilling to соорегасе and consequently will Ье hагshlу punished fог not doing Something that it would not iпStiпсtivеlу 168 Апswег key sрЕАкING sаmріе speaking tests The fЫlоwiпg is ап analysis of the регfогтапсе of the thгее candidates in the sample speaking test оп pages 100~13 Assessment of Candidate Fіuепсу and соhегепсе This candidate occaSionally Spoke Нuепtlу, Ьut оvегаll the расе was too sloW and he hesitated fгеquепtlу Some pauSes Ьеfоге апSwегiпg Wеге too 1опg His dеlivегу waS not Smooth and fаг too often he Ёllеd pauses With `ег' while thinking of the next Wогd he wanted to Sау This was рагtiсulагlу поtiсеаЬlе duгiпg the 1опg ргеsепtаtiоп in the second рагt of the tеst, Ьut оссuггеd сhгоughоut the iпtегViеw Using Such Ёllегs as а technique to gain thinking time is рагt of погmаl Sреесh, Ьut if оVегusеd, they distuгЬ the flow of сопvегSаtiоп Не did not uSe the full minute that candidates аге given to ргераге thеiг 1опg ргеsепtасiоп, and stагtеd to speak аftег аЬоut 15 sесопds Due to his slow расе, and with the pauseS and hеsitаtiопS, duгiпg the 1Опg ргеsепtаtiоп he WaS not аЬ1е to Say Vегу muсh Оvегаl1, he made Vегу few 1опg uttегапсеs Тhгоughоut the iпtегviеW he used the wогd `уеаh', whегеаs `уеs' Would Ье mоге арргоргiаtе fог а fогmаl Speaking tеst, Some оthег exampleS of vосаЬulагу used wгопglу wеге When he геfеггеd to `sоmе сеlеЬга[еs' instead of `сеlеЬгаtiопs' ог When he Said `wе have по геsidепсе агеаs', `it has а high level of alcohol iпsidе' instead of `it contains а high level of аlсоhоl', `gо Ьу wаlkiпg' instead of `gО оп fооt' ог `wаlk', `wе have а good геlаtiоп in оuг арагtmепts' (thоugh lаtег he соггесtlу mentionS tгеlаtiопShiрs') and `1 сап See а осеап ог гivег ог Тhгоughоut the iпtегviеw he с1еаг1у uпdегStооd and gaVe соhегепt апSwегs to the quеStiопs, though thеге wеге а couple like this, ог lаkе' instead of `ог something like this, ог а lаkе' Не used `vегу', `littlе' and `quitе' as quаlihегs, Ьut said `it's too diffегепt' instead of it'S vегу diffегепt' of ехсерtiОпS When asked `Ноw реор1е Gгаmmаг usuа1lу Ёпd а р1асе to live in уоuг соuпtгу?', he апSwегеd, `Тhе реор1е, ег, Ёпd, а quiet р1асе to live in my соuпtгу ЬесаuSе the сепtге is so сгоWdеd and So поisу' Оп а пumЬег of occasions when he had not uпdегStооd а quеstiоп, he aSked fог it to Ье гереаtеd, which is quite ассерсаЬ1е in the сеst Repeating ог герhгаSiпg wОгds used Ьу the оthег регsоп is а way to get thinking timе, ог to aSk fог сlагiЁсаtiоп and maintain соhегепсе when aSked аЬоut placeS that `аге mоге pleaSant to live iп', he Simply and соггес[1у aSked `Моге?' Ноwеvег, he Seldom echoed ог герhгаsеd wогds fгоm the quеstiопS, арагt fгоm when he was It is gепега11у роSsiЬlе to uпdегstапd what this candidate meant thгоughоuс the iпtегviеw, eVen when he made еггогS, and thеге wеге many instanceS of gгаmmаг Ьеiпg used соггесtlу 1п some caSes he соггесtеd himsеlf, fог iпStапсе: `апd it's, ег, it hаs, оuг hоmе, flat has thгее гооms', `уоu musс', ег, mоviпg, eh you сап Ье mоvеd' НоwеVег, thеге wеге vегу few complex sentences апd, as With vосаЬulагу, thеге was ап iпSufЁсiепt гапgе of gгаmmаtiсаl stгuссuгеs The Simple ргеsепt tenSe WaS almoSt the оп1у tenSe usеd Оп а few occaSions he 1еft out `аге', aSked аЬоut `оthег fасtогS' and he геsропdеd, `1 think main fасtог is ' Не iпсоггесtlу echoed the ехаmiпег when he WaS asked `whаt you think аге the healthieSt dгiпks?' and he герliеd, `1 like healthiest dгiпks, (`gоSsiр magazines рорulаг in my соuпtгу', `thе реор1е iпtегеstеd in this gossip ог sрогt'), Ог vосаЬulагу used the Ёпа1 -s when песеssагу except when he Sаid, `mу mum асtuа1lу like the huge kitсhеп' Не also used the wгопg vегЬ: `1 dоп't iпtегеStеd The candidate gепега11у used vосаЬulагу арргоргiаtеlу, Ьut displayed оп1у а limited гапgе Оп опе of the few occaSionS when he used а 1еSS common wогd, it Was used iпсоггесtlу: he tа1kеd of `mеtгороlе сitiеs' inStead of `mеtгороlitап сitiеs' Не Sаid, `mу hгst dеgгее is есопоmу' inStead of `Есопоmiсs', and `1 have to 1еагп to economy пеws' inStead of `1 haVe to keep up With newS аЬоut the есопоmу' Рагtiсulагlу in giving iпfогmаtiоп аЬоut himsеlf, he Should make Suге that he uSes the соггесt tегmiпоlоgу else uSed `is' inStead of `аге' with а рluгаl noun (`iп my соuпtгу is most рорulаг dгiпks special Тuгkish dгiпks', `thе реор1е is elite реор1е', `оuг home ргiсеS is поt, ег, high') Не gепега11у gоssiр' 1п опе case the continuouS fогm Was uSed instead of the simple ргеsепt: `wе talking to пеighЬоuгs аlwауs' and the simple instead of the сопtiпuоus: `Тhаt's why I Study Епg1ish' when it was песеSsагу to uSe the simple past раssivе, it waS done iпсоггесtlу: `this Ьuildiпg, this арагtmепts, ег, Ьuilt sеvегаl уеагS аgо' Оп two occaSions the -iпg fогm waS used inStead of the iпЁпitivе: `if you гепt а house you сап, ег, you Ап$wег key 169 must, ег; mоviпg', `ргеfег to Ьuуiпg а hоmе' оvегаII The рluгаl fогms of nouns wеге gепега11у used соггесtlу, Ьut thеге Wеге some ехсерtiопs: `lоts of fасilitу', `iп IstапЬul the реор1е The level of this сапdidасе's Spoken English is not yet high enough fог Study at uпivегsitу gепега11у live in the арагtmепt', `thеге аге lots регhарs too геlахеd, and needs to mаkе.his of advantage ог disаdvапtаgе', `оuг пеighЬоuгs dеlivегу smооthег, fаStег, mоге соhегепt and also is kind реорlеs' Тhеге wеге cases Whеге mоге ассuгаtе His level of Sе1f-соггесtiоп makeS the wгопg ргероSitiоп Was used (`1Т is геlаtеd him hагd to uпdегStапd and affects his дuепсу, соhегепсе and ассuгасу Не needs to Wогk оп аЬоut iпfогmаtiоп', `this арагtmепt's а little fаг to сепtге', `this is оthег fасtог fог chooSe thеiг арагtmепt', `whеп I look at [оut] the wiпdоW'), ог а ргероsitiоп Was used whеге ic in ап Епglish-sреаkiпg соuпtгу Не is геlахеd, his ассuгасу in огdег to геduсе this level of sеlf- was not needed (`thаt's why the реор1е ргеfег to соггесtiоп, and thегеЬу imргоVе his дuепсу It would Ье useful fог him to listen to many typeS of Spoken English and to engage in сопvегSаtiоп mаgаziпеS', `thе реор1е ргеfег to quiet р1асе'), оп а гапgе of topics with diffегепt реор1е ог whеге the ргероSitiоп Was omitted (`thе disadvantageS oWn the hоusе', `аlwауs you live Assessment of Candidate the same р1асе') Агtiсlеs wеге mostly uSed соггесtlу, Ьut Sometimes they wеге оmittеd: `Wе lived iп, ег, Seventh доог', `1 think main fасtог is, ег, thеiг jоЬS', `it'S advantage fог make а good геlаtiопshiрS' Аlsо, а couple of ргопоuпS wеге оmitсеd: `1 dоп't геаd [thеm] оftеп', `реор1е ргеfег to dгiпk [it]' Among othег gгаmmаtiсаl еггогs, thеге was опе example of ап incomplete соmрагаtivе (`high quality than the оthегs'); iпсоггесс Wогd огdег with аdvегЬS (`уоu сап get easily а fгiепd', Fluency and соhегепсе This candidate а1Wауs геSропdеd ргоmрtlу, giving detailed апswегS and engaging Wе1l With the ехаmiпег thгоughоut, сгеаtiпg the imргеssiоп fгоm the Ьеgiппiпg of the iпtегviеw that she Was speaking дuепtlу She WaS fогthсоmiпg and ргоduсеd а lot of 1опg uttегапсеS when asked `whу did you decide to а Маstегs of Соmmегсе?', She апSwегеd, `Um, ЬесаuSе I thiпk, if I сап gain the МаStег dеgгее mауЬе I will give а good jоЬ in Сhiпа And I will have а `уоu сап get eaSily а hоmе'); the Wгопg wогd mоге оррогtuпitу to get а good рау jоЬ which is mоге арреаliпg' When aSked `whаt аге the moSt огdег With adjectiveS (`1, ег, wants to live а, ег, рорulаг dгiпks in уоuг соuпtгу?', She апsWегеd, good viеw, has а gOod view арагtmепts'); and ап еггог in use of the negative (`if you live in the hоusеs, еь you hаvе, ег, not а good геlаtiопShiрS thеге fог thеiг пеighЬОuгs') РгопuпсiаtiОп Gепегаllу, this сапdidаtе's ргопuпсiаtiоп WaS с1еаг, though it would have helped if he spoke а Ьit mоге loudly So that the listепег did not need to stгаiп со uпdегstапd him Тhеге Wеге ргоЬlеms with some sounds (е.g `th'), and some wогds (е.g `mесгороlе сitiеs' and `hugе') wогd and sentence stгеss was gооd, as WaS linking (е.g `hаs а high level of alcohol iпsidе', `if you гепt а hоusе, you сап'), although the оvегusе of Ёllегs disгuрtеd the linking of wогds The slow расе, pauseS and the fгеquепt use of `ег' ргоduсеd ап uneven гhуthm of sреесh 170 Апswег key `Веег, yeah Апd, ег, mауЬе Соса-Со1а, Ьut I dislike it I always dгiпk the огапgеу Wаtег апd, uh, jus[ dгiпk the wаtег' Unlike the mа1е сапdidаtе, She used the full minute to ргераге hег 1опg ргеSепtаtiоп, and Spoke mоге соhегепtlу and logically in that section of the tеSt She made good use of wогds and ехргеssiопS Such as `hоwеvег' and `оf соuгSе' when she did not uпdегStапd а quеStiоп, She aSked `Sоггу?' ог else гереасеd the Wогd the ехаmiпег had uSed Which she had not uпdегstооd: `Тоwагd?', `Тгеаt?' She also еstаЬlishеd соhегепсе Ьу герhгаSiпg Wогds used Ьу the ехаmiпег when asked `whаt fасtогS you think dеtегmiпе Whеге реор1е chooSe to 1ivе?', She Sаid, `1 think moSt of moSt of the imрогtапt геаSоп' Оп а couple of occaSions She did not апsWег the quеstiоп, Such aS hег iпсоhегепt геSропsе When asked аЬоut healthy dгiпks vосаЬulагу 1п gепега1, the VосаЬulагу and ехргеssiопS She used wеге арргоргiаtе although she lacked some Ьаsiс vОсаЬulагу (fог ехаmрlе, she uSed `рагkiпg гооm' fог `gагаgе') Ноwеvег, hег vосаЬulагу гапgе is often quite limitеd She confused `fеW' and `littlе' when She Said `1 have little fгiепd', and sеvегаl times used adjectives instead of nouns (`thе imрогtапс геаSОп is соmfогtаЬlе and the ргiсе and the сопvепiепt') and nounS instead of adjectiveS (`thе life is vегу lеisuге') She is с1еаг1у а регsоп who likes to communicate and WaS аЬ1е to рагарhгаsе to ехргеsS what she Wanted to Sау, though she гаге1у used idioms and the оп1у less common ехргеSsiоп She used was `iп а wогd' She needs to Ёпd аltегпаtivе WayS to say `1 thiпk' to ехргеss hег opinions and to use mоге quаmегS than `vегу' and `quitе' Оvегаll the гапgе and 1еVеl of vОсаЬulагу Was simрlе Gгаmmаг This candidate made а lot of Ьаsiс еггогS, рагtiсulагlу With VегЬ tenses and che use of the рluгаl Students with hег leVel of English usually have studied the гulеs of the English tense sуstеm, Ьut have ргоЬlеms using vегЬs соггесtlу She waS gепега11у gOod With che thiгd регsоп siпgulаг, yet often mixed confused tепSеs: `1 will going to have the МаStег of Соmmегсе', `If I have гепt а house and I lived it fог а, fог а 1Опg time mауЬе I think oh it's ОК to mе, Ьut when I lооk, um, with it to my fгiепd mауЬе I will Ёпd out that his houSe is Ьеttег to mе, So I will а11 think mауЬе I will have to looking fог апоthег hоusе' She sometimes uSed the Wгопg VегЬS: `1 haVe the language соuгSеs in I have my own house I lived in it and I feel oh that it, that Ьеlопgs to mе And I think I have а fаmilу, um, Ьut if I live in the house just гепt fгоm sоmеЬоdу, I think I'm alwayS Wоггiеd' Ноwеvеь She did Ьеttег lаtег in the iпtегviеw: - `If you Want to go out ог go to wогk, go to uпivегSitу, уоu'll Ёпd that the tгаfhс alwayS Ьlосk, it Will Waste а lot of timе' She often used the siпgulаг fогm of nouns гаthег than рluгаls: `mаgаziпе', `moviе stаг, TV stаг and the Siпgег, the famous siпgег', `опе of the геаsоп', `siх Ьеdгооm', `опе of the ргоЬlеm', `somеtimе they сап and the inSect сlimЬiпg to my hоuSе I'm аfгаid of it' But sometimes she used рluгаls соггесtlу: `апd in оthег Ьig сitiеs' AS often happenS with реор1е Whose 6гst language doeS not uSe агtiсlеs, She Sometimes uSed them when they Wеге not песеssагу: `а lot of уоuпgег реор1е like to See the magazine аЬоut it' The ргопоuп оЬjесt waS lеf[ out at timеS When asked `Аге thеге апу hot dгiпks you likе?', she герliеd: `Nо I dоп't likе'; also `thеу cannot сопtгоl' Some еггогs Wеге also made with ргероSitiопS: `Studу is Ьеttег to mе', `поt good enough to mе' and the vегу common еггог `mоst of реор1е, She waS quick to соггесt hегsеlf, such aS When she sаid, `Suсh as Ьеег ог аlсоhоl, alcohol Wаtег Yeah alcohol dгiпk, sоггу' 1п fасt, she Should have uSed the adjective `аlсоhоliс', Ьut She Was с1еаг1у mопitогiпg hег oWn wогds Оvегаll she shoWed а limi[еd гапgе of gгаmmаtiсаl Stгuсtuгеs, though hег еггогs seldom led to the listепег misuпdегStапdiпg what she mеапt РгопuпсiаtiОп my со11еgе', `thе house has in willоughЬу' She needs to use the simple paSt tense mоге оftеп: This candidate spoke in а lоud, с1еаг voice thюughоut the iпtегviеw Тhеге Wеге `whеп I Ёгst came to Sуdпеу' inStead of `опсе I misргопuпсiаtiопs, especially of sounds that have Ьееп to Sуdпеу', and `Whеп I in China I live in the арагtmепt' The -iпg fom was Sometimes omitted ог misusеd: `1 will not spend а lot of time to See the mаgаziпе', `iпStеаd of go оutsidе', `wапt to looking fог а hоusе' She had tгоuЬlе аге typically difЁсul[ fог sреаkегs of hег hгst lапguаgе, Such as `Масquагiе' She had diHculty using сопditiопаl, hypothetical StгuсtuгеS: `If with the ргопuпсiаtiоп of some high-fгеquепсу wогds and ехргеssiопs such as `gооd рау jоЬ', `со11еgе', `whiсh', `high' and `сhаt' Often She linked sounds Wеll, aS with: `1 will continue my АпsWег k®у 171 studieS thгоughоut my lifе' and `it'S vегу eaSy fог you to go out fог shоррiпg' She StгеSSеd the imрогtапt Wогds in Sепtепсеs: `mауЬе I will give а good jоЬ in Сhiпа', `mауЬе the е7юg.rо7zие7zf is пос good епоugh' Yet she needs to uSe mоге Weak fогms 1п Some uttегапсеS, each Wогd was given equal stгеsS: `уоu сап gain some iпfогmаtiоп аЬоut the mаgаziпе', `Ьut I dislike it', `Whеп I live in it' and `mоst of реор1е ргеfег to live in his oWn house ЬесаuSе the гепt of the house is quite ехрепsivе' Нег intonation is iпдuепсеd Ьу hег native lапguаgе, and although at times she uses stгеsS timing and intonation to good еffесt, оvегаll she useS поп-Stапdагd intonation раttегпs that affect how She conveys mеапiпg оvегаII This candidate is ап effective sреаkег Ьut hег spoken English level is not adequate fог uпivегSitу level Studу Although She Seems quite fluепt, hег vосаЬulагу гапgе is limited to ЬаSiс wогds and рhгаsеS, and hег сопtгоl of ассuгаtе gгаmmаtiсаl stгuсtuгеS is wеаk Outside fаmiliаг topics She Ьеgiпs to lose the ргесisiоп to explain What she геа11у mеапS She needs to imргоvе hег ассuгасу, со expand hег vосаЬulагу into mоге ргесisе tегms that Ьеttег ехргеSs hег mеапiпg, and to uSe sentence Stгеss and intonation mоге еffесtivеlу She may ЬепеЁt Ьу slightly Slowing down the расе of hег dеlivегу to give а mоге сопsidегеd геsропSе Assessment of Candidate З Fіuепсу and соhегепсе As а дuепt соmmuпiсаtог, this candidate геаdilу and сопЁdепtlу апsWегs queStionS and ехргеSsеS орiпiопS, and gепега11у геSропds арргоргiаtеlу and at lепgth Не оссаSiопа1lу соггесts himsеlf, Which is common in spoken language and quite ассерtаЬlе in che tеSt Тhеге аге feW heSicationS and they аге moStly not 1опg If апуthiпg, the расе waS too faSt and speech Would Ье mоге соhегепt if he Spoke mоге slоWlу Though he did make full uSe of сhе minute to ргераге his 1опg tendency to оVегusе Some соппесtivеs, and to SometimeS uSe them iпарргоргiаtеlу This сап Ье Seen eSPecially with his uSe of the Wогd `Sо' at the Ьеgiппiпg of uttегапсеS Fог ехаmрlе, when aSked Which kinds of magazineS аге рорu]аг in his соuпtгу, he геSропds, `Sо in India реор1е love сгiсkеt So the ' and in the 1опg tuгп when he sауs, `Sо I love gагdепiпg also So I had а lot of ПоWегs and ег Whеthег you sit at my р1асе some home gагdепs So the house was my fаvоuгitе house in my Whole life ег until поw So I am still looking fог а house fог that kind of hоuSе So ЬесаuSе I Want to live in а vегу peaceful агеа ' Не also оVегuSеs `аlsо' When he Sауs, `thеу сап use the iпtегпеt аlsо, it is геа11у hеlрful So you сап it at home also you dоп't haVe to go and See someone else So you сап Япd it vегу eaSily оп the iпtегпеt аlsо' Тhеге is also а tendency to оvегuSе the Ё11ег `likе', which is commonly used in iпfогmа1 lапguаgе: `Ег in Ьооks like реор1е have to spend а lot of time to get а idea What they геаdiпg аЬоut Ьut in magazines they сап get like ег, ег they сап get ап idea аЬоut the thing What they аге геаdiпg аЬоut just in а Shогtег um регiоd, shогt регiоd of time and in а senSe like Shогt lооk, quick lооk, уеаh.' 1п аdditiоп, he оvегusеs the conjunction `апd', fог ехаmр1е, `Sо these реор1е аге геа11у helpful and they сап Ёпd whаtеvег they аге looking fог thаt'S eaSy fог them Ьесаusе they сап tell them those реор1е like what they аге looking fог and they will help to Ёпd thoSe placeS and even оп the оthег hand they сап uSe the iпtегпеt аlsо, it is геа11у hеlрful So you сап it at home also you dоп't have to go and See Someone else ' Оп occaSion what he is геfеггiпg to is uпсlеаг, fог inStance when he Sауs, `1 Want to that пuгsiпg соuгsе' and `it tе1ls аЬоut thoSe оthег ргоduсts' vосаЬuіагу This сапdidаtе's гапgе of VосаЬulагу is adequate to convey what he Wants to Sау, and he uSeS а пumЬег of idiomatic and leSs common lexical items арргоргiаtеlу ExampleS аге when he ргеsепtаtiоп, he would ЬепеЯt fгоm taking mоге SауS, `I'm геа11у into 1ikе um looking аftег time to think аЬоut What he is going to Sау реор1е', `vеggiеs', and With collocations Such His Speech is gепега11у соhегепt, though this does Ьгеаk down at timеS, рагtiсulагlу with а as `hоmеmаdе аlсоhоl', `Sерагаtе tоilеt', `dагk сhосоlаtе' and `Ьаsiс пееds' Не арреагs 172 АпsWег key to Ье mоге соmfогtаЬlе in the use of less fогmаl language (ехсерtiопS аге When he SayS `disрепsагiеS' and `сопgеstеd' ) 1п gепега1 his VосаЬulагу lacks flехiЬilitу iпtегеStiпg suЬjесс', `gеt а idеа' and `viеW of сitу' The iпсоггес ргероSitiоп is Sometimes used е.g `пеаг tо', `thеге is а pafk оп the next side of the stгееt' and `оп the Wedding рагtiеs' Thoughwhatthis candidate meanS is - and ргесisiоп, and he has а limited capacity to рагарhгаsе Не makes Some iпарргоргiаtе gепега11у с1еаг, thеге аге sеvегаl occasionS When choiceS When he Says `Stгееt viеW' instead of it is difЁсult to uпdегstапd What he is tгуiпg to `viеw of the Stгееt', `migгапt реорlеS' inStead of `migгапts', `соlоuг Wise and рiсtuге wise and the sау InStances of сhis аге when he sауs, `Ьесаusе fumituге wisе', and `liпе of роvегtу' Тhеге is sometimes confusion Ьеtwееп аdjесtivеS, nouns and аdvегЬs е.g `thе gоvегпmепt Ёпапсiаl', `whеп I ЁгStlу came to Аustгаliа', and `suЬuгЬап is mоге widег than сitу' uh in in this competition of uS uh you need English if you аге going it hе1рs in уоuг сагеег', ` а house would Ье like vегу ореп Sidе' and ` suЬuгЬап is mоге Widег than сitу' Ргопuпсiаtiоп Mosc of the time this candidate сап Ье Gгаmmаг uпdегstооd, yet his ргопuпсiаtiоп would This candidate ргоduсеS complex sепtепсеs, though these fгеquепtlу contain еггогs, е.g `if imргоvе if he spoke mоге slоwlу The main you аге living in а house you have а sерагаtе wall fгоm уоuг пеighЬоuгs ог you Will have а ргоЬlеms аге at the level of sentenceS and рhгаSеS, Whеге his intonation and гhуthm sometimes make his message hагd to gap Ьеtwееп уоuг houSe and the пеighЬоuг's hоuSе, so you сап't hеаг the пеighЬоuг's сгу So it will Ье mоге sерагаtе fгоm the - fгоm соmргеhепd, гаthег than with individual wогds othег hоusеS' and `iп some like in developing pauSes in this сапdidаtе'S гарid-Бге Sреесh, and it is at timeS not immediately с1еаг When he has соuпtгiеs the gоvегпmепt should hе1р thoSe реор1е who сап't аffогd to Ьuу а р1асе um like um mostly those реор1е Who аге living ЬеlоW the liпе, the line of роvегtу, So gоvегпmепt should help them to Ьuу а р1асе' Тhеге аге also пumегоuS еггогs With ЬаSiс gгаmmаг, including with агtiсlеs, tenseS and ргероsitiопs Often the Wгопg tense is uSеd, fОг instance when dеsсгiЬiпg а р1асе whеге he uSed to live he SауS, `1 like that Ьесаusе thеге is а рагk оп the next side of the Stгееt So I сап watch реор1е playing fооtЬаll Ьесаusе I love fооtЬаll and ег it was пеаг to а11 the fасilitiеS' Also thеге аге еггогS With the fогm of tепsеs, е.g `whаt [hеу геаdiпg аЬоut' and ` you kind of feeling likе' This is also 1асk of аgгееmепt Ьеtwееп suЬ].есt and vегЬ е.g `реор1е Who ег owns thеiг oWn homе' and `thе сuгtаiпs was геа11у пiсе' Тhеге аге пumегоus instances of еггогS in the use of соmрагаtivеs е.g `mоге Ьiggег than а арагtmепt', `mоге tаllег than а houSe `, `sоmе геSidепtiаl агеаs аге vегу like ег vегу good than оthегs' and `thеsе kinds of placeS аге vегу соmfогtаЬlе than оthегs' Тhеге аге еггогs With агtiсlеS, рагtiсulагlу omitting thеm: `it'S not Meaning сап Ье conveyed ог made с1еагег thгоugh using раusеs, yet thеге аге insumcient Ёпishеd геSропdiпg to а quеStiоп, е.g due to him not using falling iпtопаtiоп wогds аге sometimeS гuп tоgеthег and the lack of chunking makes it difhcult to tell When опе idea haS ended and апоthег haS Ьеguп Some individual wогds and ехргеssiопs аге hагd to uпdегStапd, рагtiсulагlу due to а tendency to make 1Опg VoWels into Shогt Vowels and thгоugh the Wгопg stгеss within wогds, е.g With `соmmuпiсаtе', `рlауегs', `mаgаziпеS', `lооk', `аlсоhоl', `реасеful', `Stгееt', `liЬгагу', `соlоuг' and `dеvеlорiпg' оvегаII Some реор1е speak too sloWly in the attempt to avoid еггогS and some have the opposite tепdепсу That is, they аге So keen to communicate that they not take enough саге with ассuгасу This candidate seems to Ье1опg to the lаttег gгоuр Не is adept at using colloquial vосаЬulагу and has the сопЁdепсе to communicate дuепtlу, even if he SometimeS lacks соhегепсе Оvегаll, if he sloWed down the расе at which he tаlks, he would haVe mоге time to АпsW®г key 173 thiпk, which Would mean he Would not haVe to соггесt himsе1f and change diгесtiоп midway thгоugh sentenceS So оftеп This would also help him aVoid Some of the gгаmmаг mistаkеs, епаЬ1е him to ргоduсе mоге соhегепt uttегапсеs, to uSe wогds such as `уеаh', `sо' and `likе' 1еss оftеп, and he Would Ье еаSiег to uпdегSсапd Audio CD contents CD ListeningTests and CD ListeningTests and CD З SpeakingTests Тгасk HsteningTest l Тгасk ListeningTest Тгасk speakingTests |пstгuсtiопs Section Section Section З Sесtiоh4 Тгасk ListeningTest 10 |пStгuсtiопs section SеЬtiоп2 Section Section 174 Апswег key |пstгuсtiопs Section Section Section Section Тгасk ListeningTest |пstгuсtiопs Section Section Section З 10 Section Sаmр|еSреаkiпgТеst SаmрIеSреаkiпgТеst: Candidate sаmрIеSреаkiпgТеst: Candidate SаmрIеSреаkiпgТеst: Candidate SpeakingTestl 10 SреаkiпgТеst2 SреаkіпgТеst3 SреаkiпgТеSt4 SреаkiпgТеst5 SреаkiпgТеst6 978 4202 3019 with audio CDs 978 4202 3020 978 4202 3022 with audio CDs 978 4202 3021 with audio CDs ISBN 978-1-4202-3022-2 macmillan.com.au/elt 781420 230222 ... sреаkегSпа1огtгаiпiпgtорiс,entsагеstudyingопеsреаkегinаsituationопа|огtгаiпiпgcontexts Section Dialogue Section Мопо|оguе Section з Dialogue Section Мопо|оguе Social topicS Education and tгаiпiпgtopics See detailed guideIineS in 'Listепiпg stгаtеgiеS and Sk:і||s', FocUsing. .. апSwег key at the Ьасk of the Ьооk Now tuгп to Section оп the next раgе FOcusing Оп IELTs Academic РгасtiсеТеsts Questions 1-10 sЕстIоN Questions 1-5 CD Тюсk Complete the notes Ьеlоw wгitе NO... 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