MOT SO MAU CAU LUYEN KY NANG VIET

CÁC CẤU TRÚC TƯƠNG ĐƯƠNG 1 Whose + N + be + Pronoun? ( Cái ai? ) Who + do/ does + N + belong to? (Cái thuộc ai? ) Ex: Whose cars are these? Who these cars belong to? S(person) + spend(any tense) + time + V ing + O (Ai dựng thời gian làm gì) It + take( any tense) + Obj (person) + time + To + V o (Ai mÊt bao nhiªu thêi gian để làm gì) S + V(any tense) + + in + time ( Ai làm việc bao nhiªu thêi gian) Ex: He spent hours doing his homework It took him hours to his homework He did his HW in hours S1 + V + because/ since/ as + S2 + V Main clause adverb clause of reason S + V(any tense) + …+ because of + N/ N(phrase) (Ai ) N/N(phrase) + make( any tense) + Obj(person) + V o / adj (Cái làm cho ) Ex1: We didn’t go to Vung Tau because the weather was bad clause We didn’t go to Vung Tau because of the bad weather Ex2: They laughed because of the clowns N- pharse The clowns made them laugh This is the first time + S +have/has + ever + V3/ed + (Đây lần làm việc gì) S + have/ has + never + V3/ed + … + before (Ai cha làm việc trớc đó) Ex: This is the first time I have ever visited Ha Long bay I have never visited Ha Long before When + did + S + V + ? (S làm vào ) How long + have/has + S + V3/ed…? + have/has + S + been + V-ing + …? Ex: When did you study English ?  How long have you studied English? 1 S(person) + find(any tense)+ N/ Obj + adj (ing) (Ai nhận thấy sao) S (person) + be + adj(ed) + prep + N/Obj Ex: I found the book interesting I was interested in the book Adj(ing) boring interesting amusing amazing tiring surprising annoying Adj(ed) + prep bored with interested in amused at amazed at tired of surprised at annoyed at S + last / first + V2/ed + adv of time (S lÇn đầu, lần cuối làm gì) The last / first time + S + V2/ed + be + Adv of time (S lần cuối/đầu làm từ … ) S + haven’t /hasn’t + V3/ed… + since / for + adv of time ( S cha làm từ / khoảng ) It + be + adv of time + since + S + last / first + V2/ed Ex: I last saw Nam years ago I haven’t seen Nam for years It is + time + since + S + last + V2/ed (ĐÃ đợc thời gian kể từ lần cuối S làm việc gì) S + (have/has) + not + V3/ed … + for + time ( S Cha làm từ/ khoảng ) Ex: It was years since I last saw him I haven’t seen him for years S + take care of(any tense) + N/ V-ing + … S + look after (any tense) + N/ V-ing + … Ex: Can you take care of my house? Can you look after my house? 10 S + enjoy/ like + N/ V-ing + … than + N/V-ing … S + would rather + Vo + than + Vo … S + prefer + N/V-ing +…… + to + N/ V-ing +…… 11 S1 + aux V + not + allow + Obj (person) + to Vo + ( S1 kh«ng cho phÐp làm ) S1 + prevent (any tense) + Obj (person) + from + V-ing ( S1 ngăn cấm làm việc gì) Ex: They dont allow the students to smoke here They prevent the students from smoking here 12 Vay, mỵn S + borrow + Obj(person) + Obj(thing) S + lend + Obj(person) + Obj(thing) Ex: Nam borrowed me money I lent Nam money 13 Hào hứng mong đợi làm việc S + look forward to + V-ing + … S+ be + excited (at, about) + V-ing … S + long to + Vo … Ex: We are very excited about meeting Lan We look forward to meeting Lan 14 S + be + the + (adj + est / most + adj) + N+ S + have/ has ever + V 3/ed S + have/has + never + V3/ed + such + (a/an) + adj + N + before Ex: This is the biggest house I have ever seen I have never seen such a big house before 15 After+ S + had+ V3/ed …, S + V2/ed… Before + S + V2/ed…, + S +had +V3/ed… Ex: Before I had finished my home work, I went to bed After I went to bed, I had finished my home work 16 S(N) + V + so + adj / adv + that + S + V … Pron (it/they) + V + such (a/an) + adj + N + that + S + V Ex: He drives so carelessly that he often has accidents He is such a careless driver that he often has acccidents 17 S + V(-) + adj / adv + enough + to + Vo … S + V(+) + too + adj / adv( tr¸i nghÜa ) + to + V o… Ex: The table is not light enough for me to lift The table is too heavy for me to lift S + V + adj/adv + enough +( For + O) + to + Vo Ex1: The film was interesting We saw it twice The film was interesting enough for us to see it twice Ex2: He is very tall He can reach the shelf He is strong enough to reach the shelf 18 S + V + too + adj/adv + (for + O) + to + Vo … Ex1: He is very ill He can’t go to school He is too ill to go to school Ex2: He drives very slowly He can’t reach the finish He drives too slowly to reach the finish 19 S + V … in order (not) to / so as (not) to + Vo… S + V + so that + clause (S+ V) (Nh»m ®Ĩ) 20 Adj and adv of manner/ V and N of job S + V(present) + +Adv of manner S + be + a/an + Adj + N(Job) Ex: He drives carefully He is a careful driver Adj good bad careless hard fast late early soon noisy different Adv of manner well badly carelessly hard fast late early soon noisily differently Verb work saw invent teach cook sing play drive speak run Noun of job worker sawyer inventor teacher cook singer player driver speaker runner 21 How + adj (träng lỵng, kÝch cì) + be + S (N/ Pro)? What + be + one’s + N(träng lỵng, kÝch cì) ? Ex: How tall are you? What is your height? Adj Noun tall/ high big/small long/short deep thin thick wide/narrow old height size length depth thinness thickness width age 22 Nên / không nên S + should(not ) + Vo… S + had better( not ) + Vo… 23 S + don’t / doesn’t + Vo + … any more S + used to + Vo … S + stop + Ving … S + no longer + V … S + V + … + any longer S + give up + V-ing … Ex: She doesn’t smoke any more She used to smoke 24 Let’s + Vo… Let’s not + Vo Let + O ( me, her, them, Nam ) + Vo … S + let / don’t let + O (person) + Vo… 25 S + have(any tense) + O (person) + Vo + O (thing) S + have(any tense) + O (thing) + V3/ed …+ by + O(person) S + get (any tense) + O(person) + to + Vo + O(thing)  S + get (any tense) + O(thing) + V3/ed + by + O (person) Ex1:I will have Nam repair my bike I will have my bike repaired by Nam Ex2: He got someone to clean the door He got the door cleaned by someone 26 Is this + OK / alright + If I + Vo… ? Would it be + OK / alright + if I + V2/ed… ? Do you mind if I + Vo …? Would you mind if I + V2/ed … ? Do/would you mind+ me/my + Ving ? Ex: Is this alright / ok if I borrow your pen? Do you mind if I borrow your pen? Would you mind if I borrowed your pen? 27 Do/ Would you mind + V- ing ….? Can / could / will / would you + Vo… for me? Ex: Do you mind opening the door? Can you open the door for me? 28 S + V + not only + (adj/adv/Noun) + but also + (adj/ adv/ Noun) 29 S1 + V + the same + N + as + S2(N) S1/N1 + be + different from + S2/ N2 30 S1/N1 + V + adj /adv(so sánh ) + than + S2/ N2 S2/ N2+ (aux V + not) + as / so + adj/adv + as + S1/N1 Ex: She is taller than her sister Her sister is not so tall as her PASSIVE VOICE Active: S + V(present ) + Obj + … Passive: S + is/am/are + V3/ed + … By + Obj Ex: People speak English all over the world EL is spoken all over the world by people Active: S + V (past tense) + Obj + … Passive: S + was/were + V3/ed + …… by + Obj Ex: He did his homework last night His homework was done last night S + V (present progressive) + Obj + …… S + (is/am/are) + being + V3/ed + … + by + Obj Ex: They are building a new stadium here A new stadium is being built here by them S + have/has + V3/ed + Obj +…… S + have/has + been + V3/ed + …… + by + Obj Ex: I have learnt EL since 1999 EL has been learnt since 1999 by me S + have/has + been + Ving + Obj +… S + have/has + been + being + V3/ed + by + Obj Ex: We have been playing soccer for hours Soccer has been being played for hours by us S + was/were + Ving + Obj + … S + was/were + being + V3/ed) +… +by + Obj Ex: She was reading book at o’clock last night Book was being read at last night by her S + had + V3/ed + Obj +…… S + had + been + V3/ed + … + by + Obj Ex: She had done her homework before she went to bed Her homework had been done before she went to bed * Modal verbs: (will, would, may, might, shall, should, ought to, must, be going to, have to, used to, can , could, be able to ) S + modal verbs + Vo + Obj + …… S + modal verbs + be + V3/ed + …… by + Obj Ex: He can this exercise This exercise can be done (by him) * Trờng hợp bất qui tắc Các động tõ chØ gi¸c quan S + see/watch/ notice/ hear + Obj + Vo /V-ing … S + be + V3/ed + to Vo + …… By + Obj Ex: I saw him play soccer yesterday He was seen to play soccer yesterday Các động t f ý kiến (say, think, report, consider, believe ) Active: S1 + V1(ý kiÕn) + that + S2+ V2 + … Passive: S2 + be + V3/ed + To Vo / To have + V3/ed Or: It + be + V3/ed (ý kiến) + that + S2 + V2 + … Ex: They say that he is a famous singer He is said to be a famous singer It is said that he is a famous singer Active: Vo + Obj + … Passive: Let + Obj + be + V3/ed … Ex: Write your name here Let your name be written here Active: Don’t + Vo + Obj …! Passive: Ex: Don’t + let + Obj + be + V3/ed … Don’t open the door Don’t let the door be opened Dïng víi need Active: S + need + to have + Obj(thing) + V3/ed … Passive: S(thing) + need +( Ving/to be + V3/ed) … Ex: You need to have your house painted Your house needs painting to be painted Active: How/ Wh- + aux V + S + V + Obj …? Pasive: How/ What + be + S + V3/ed + + by + Obj …? Ex: When did he his homework ? When was his homework done by him ? Câu cảm thán What + (a/an) + Adj + N ! How + Adj + the + N + be ! Ex: What beautiful houses! How beautiful the houses are! Tèt, tư tÕ lµm viƯc It is very kind of + Obj(person) + to + Vo + S + be + kind + to + Vo / Obj Ex: You are very kind to help me It is very kind of you to help me Cạn kiệt, hết N + be + empty S + run out of + N Ex: The car’s fuel is empty The car runs out of fuel S + V2/ed + … adv of time S + have/has + V3/ed … + for / since + adv of time Ex: We lived in Mai son years ago We have lied in Mai son for years Yªu S + love(any tense) + Obj(person ) … S + fall(any tense) + in love with + Obj(person) … Ex: She loved him at the first sight She fell in love with him at the first sight S + enjoy + reflexive Pron (himself, herself, themslves) … ( Tù thëng thøc thêi gian vui vỴ) S + have a good time …(Cã thêi gian vui vỴ) Ex: She enjoyed herself at the party She had a good time at the party S1 + S2 + have(any tense) + good relationship ( Cã mèi quan hÖ tèt víi ) S1 + get (any tense) on well with + S2 ( Hoµ thn víi ai) Ex: She and I have had good relationship since 2003 She has gotten on well with me since 2003 C©u mƯnh lƯnh gi¸n tiÕp S+V + ask + Obj(person) + (not) + to + Vo Tell Beg (khẩn, nài) Warn (cảnh báo) Permit (cho phép) Want (muốn) Advise(khuyên) Order (ra lệnh) Invite (mời) Allow (cho phép) Teach (dạy) Encourage (khuyến khích) TỪ LIÊN KẾT – CONNECTIVES/ CONNECTORS and nối hai thành phần loại (n, adj, adv ), but/ however nêu lên ý tương phản, or dùng để giới thiệu ý khác, thường gặp câu hỏi; so/ therefore dùng để kết S + V but + S + V S + V, however, S + V / S+ V However, S + V S + V, so + S + V S + V, therefore, + S + V / S + V Therefore, + S + V Ex: She danced and sang beautifully./ He is handsome and intelligent He was rich but unhappy It was too hot so I opened the window./ I worked hard so I passed the exam easily It was still painful so I went to see a doctor He’s only 17 and therefore not eligible to vote Nam didn’t study Therefore, he failed the test = Nam didn’t study He, therefore, failed the test It was cold However, I still went swimming MỆNH ĐỀ TRẠNG NGỮ CHỈ SỰ NHƯNG BỘ(ADVERB CLAUSES OF CONCESSION) Although, though, even though, in spite of, despite có nghóa dù, mặc dù, dùng để tương phản hai mệnh đề Những mệnh đề chứa từ gọi mệnh đề trạng ngữ nhượng S + V + although/ though/ even though + S + V Although/ Though/ Even though + S + V, S + V In spite of/ Despite + Noun phrase (cuïm DT)/ Gerund , + S + V Ex: Although he is intelligent, he can’t the test In spite of/ Despite his intelligence, he can’t the test Though he works hard, he is still poor In spite of/ Despite working hard, he is still poor CONDITIONAL SENTENCES (CÂU ĐIỀU KIỆN) TYPE I Có thể xảy dễ dàng HT or TL TYPE II Không có thật trái với thật HT TYPE III Không có thật trái với thật QK IF-CLAUSE Present simple S + V( s/es) MAIN CLAUSE S + will/shall + Vo S + can/may/must…+ Vo S + V(s/es) (thói quen) Ex: - If I have enough money, I’ll buy a motorbike - If it rains, we won’t go to the cinema Past subjunctive S +V 2/ed (be →were) S + would/ could…+ Vo… Ex: - If I were you, I would study hard - If he had a lot of money, he would visit around the world Past perfect S + had + V 3/ed S + would/could + have + V3/ed Ex: If Peter had studied hard, he wouldn’t have failed the exam * Ghi chuù: Unless = If not Ex: We’ll be late if we don’t hurry  Unless we hurry, we’ll be late Khoâng có hình thức phủ định động từ mệnh đề có “unless” Nếu câu đề có “OR” & “WILL”  Viết câu ĐK loại I Nếu câu đề HT  Viết câu ĐK loại II Nếu câu đề QK  viết câu ĐK loại III Khi viết câu với IF phải bỏ “so, because, that’s why” CLAUSES AFTER WISH (MỆNH ĐỀ SAU WISH) Type I: Future wish (Ao ước ôû töông lai) S + wish + S + Would + Vo Type II: Present wish (Ao ước tại) S + wish + S + V2/ed ( be  were ) didn’t + Vo Type III: Past wish (Ao ước khứ) S + wish + S + Had + V3/ed Chú ý: S + wish…… = If only……… Nếu câu đề có “WILL” OR “TOMORROW”  Viết loại I Nếu câu đề HT  Viết loại II Nếu câu đề QK  Viết loại III  Bỏ “sorry, regret, what a pity…” C¸ch sư dơng cÊu tróc “either or "neither nor Điều cần lu ý sử dụng cặp thành ngữ động từ sau phải chia theo danh từ sau or nor Nếu danh từ số động từ phải chia thứ số ngợc lại Neither + noun either Ví dụ: Neither John nor Bill Singular noun nor or + singular noun + singular verb is going to the beach today singular verb Neither John nor his friends are going to the beach today Either John or Bill is going to the beach today Singular noun singular verb Neither nor + noun + plural noun + plural verb either or VÝ dô: Neither Maria nor her friends are going to class today Plural plural Lu ý : Khi chủ ngữ verbing động từ phải chia thứ số Ýt