Giao hgi Phat giao Viet Nam, Ban Van hoa Trung uang, Hoa Thugng Thfch 'Hianh Tir... Hgc Vien Phat giao Viet Nam tai Ha Ngi.[r]
(1)TON GIAO VA DAN TOC
ANH Hl/dNG C U A Tl/Tl/dNC THIEN T O N G VIET NAM
TRONG TIEN TRINH HOI NHAP KINH TE OUOC TE
H di n h a p k i n h te' qud'c te' la x u hfldng ta't ye'u dd'i vdi d a n tdc Viet Nam De t a n d u n g dfldc cac thdi cd, v a n hgi mdi, va g i a m t h i e u h a u qua tfl n g u y cd, t h a c h thfle m a tie'n t r i n h hdi n h a p k i n h te' qud'c te' m a n g lai, ddi hdi Viet Nam p h a i p h a t h u y mgi n g u d n Iflc cd diidc T r o n g dd, k h d n g the xem n h e cac gia t r i t r u y e n thd'ng Tu" tfldng Thien t d n g Viet Nam thfle sfl la mdt g i a t r i truyen thd'ng quy b a n can dfldc bao tdn va p h a t huy Thdi dai mdi da t a o dieu kien cho viee p h a t h u y vai t r d eua tfl tfldng Thien t d n g Viet Nam
Thfle vay, Thien ed n g h i a la Iiia chgn mdt dd'i tiidng rdi t a p t r u n g tri tue tren dd'i tiidng ay, tao r a k h a n a n g loai trfl sfl rdi loan t r o n g tfl duy, t a m li eon ngfldi Lay ddng suy tfl cua ngfldi lam dd'i tiidng cua Thien Nen tfl tfldng Thien tdng ed tac dung tich cflc dd'i vdi ngfldi va xa hdi, gdp p h a n phuc vu tie'n t r i n h hdi n h a p k i n h te'qud'c t e d Viet Nam hien
Thien tdng, Thien t d n g Viet Nam la ke't qua cua qua t r i n h p h a t t r i e n tfl tiidng n h a n loai ve Thien Dinh
Thien - di s a n v a n hda cua Phu'dng D d n g - mdt hgc thuye't, mgt p h i i d n g p h a p
LE NGOC THONG'*' t u h a n h cd trfldc P h a t giao, tfl thdi thfldng cd d An Do va n h i e u ndi k h a c t r e n t h e ' g i d i
* "Thien": Xua't p h a t tfl k i n h U p a n i s a d la "Jhana"; "Dhyana"
Tie'ng T r u n g Hoa la "Chan"; s a n g tie'ng N h a t Ban la "Zen"
Cd n g h i a : D i n h lfl h a y T i n h lfl; Lfl: tfl lfl, suy n g a m , tfl duy, n g h i e n ciiu,
* "Dinh": gifl (ehi, dfldng chi, n g a n c h a n ) cac tii lfl, de t a m v a n g l a n g , k h d n g cho cac v g n g tfldng, tfl lfl q u a y rdi, k h i dd t a m diidc s a n g td
T h i e n diia t r e n ed s d li l u a n la sfl t a p t r u n g tii tfldng K h i bd dc dfldc t a p t r u n g v a o m d t dd'i tfldng t h i t a o r a m d t sflc m a n h n d i t a m ; T r o n g k h i l a m flc che' v a khie'n n h f l n g p h a n cdn Iai cua vd n a o dfldc n g h i n g d i , t h a n h t h a n Nhfl vay, se t r a n h dfldc h i e n tfldng t a m t r i t a n l o a n , v g n g tfldng, c h a y t h e o n h f l n g due v g n g g a y r a n h f l n g h a u q u a ve m a t d a o dflc, p h a p l u a t P h i i d n g p h a p thiic h a n h T h i e n cd n h i e u e a c h t u y t h e o d i e u k i e n
(2)38 Nghien cuu Ton giao Sd7 - 2010
Vai t r d cua T h i e n Dinh: T h d n g qua Thien d i n h m a t a m ngfldi dfldc a n tinh, thfldng tru Theo Hoa Thfldng Thich T h a n h Tfl, t h i e n cd n h i e u tac d u n g : Thfle h i e n t h a n h c d n g t h a m ciiu la n h d Thien dinh, Thien la p h a t m i n h , la s a n g tao, Thien t d n g t a o dflng ngiidi cd du ba dflc tinh: Tfl tin Qua cam va Can cu Theo Ajahn Chah, "Sd'ng t r o n g the' g i a n m a
V A
h a n h Thien, ngfldi k h a c t h a y b a n c h a n g k h a c n a o cai c h i e n g k h d n g dfldc d a n h d d n g va k h d n g t a o n e n am t h a n h n a o he't Hg tha'y b a n nhfl dien rd, t h a t bai Nhifng thfle r a dieu ngfldc Iai t h i diing hdn"''^l
Vay: Thien d i n h la t a p t r u n g tfl tfldng vao mdt dd'i tfldng tii nha't dinh,
A 9
k h o n g cho t a n l o a n de cho t a m the diidc v a n g lang, t a m d u n g diidc s a n g td, m a n h me n h a m q u a n sat, suy n g h i e m c h a n li Ndi k h a c di: Thien cd n g h i a la Ifla c h g n mdt dd'i tfldng r d i t a p t r u n g t r i tue t r e n dd'i tfldng ay, t a o r a k h a n a n g loai trfl sfl rdi l o a n t r o n g tfl duy, t a m Ii ngiidi
T r o n g tie'n t r i n h p h a t trien, T h i e n d i n h t r a i qua bfldc: Thien n g o a i dao, Thien p h a m phu, Thien N g u y e n t h u y (Tieu thfla), Thien Dai thfla va Thien Nhii Lai Td'i Thfldng
a/ Thien N g o a i dao: Tdn tai t r o n g dao Balamdn, Dao Tien, luyen Yoga, luyen thdi mien, v.v Qua luyen Thien n h a m tha'y dfldc cae dieu h u y e n dieu, cd k h a n a n g t h a n t h d n g bie'n hda, dfldc trfldng s i n h bat lao
b/ Thien P h a m p h u cua ngfldi t r a n tuc m o n g t h o a t Ii k h d i cudc ddi, x a lia c a n h khd, a n n h a p v a o c a n h siidng vui vdi mdt sd' cap tiidng ifng (Tfl thien): Sd, Nhi, Tam ,Tfl Thien; Tfl k h d n g dinh: Tfl K h d n g vd bien xfl d i n h de'n Thfle vd bien xfl; Vd sd hiiu xfl; P h i tfldng; P h i p h i tfldng xfl
c/ Thien Nhi thfla (Thien N g u y e n thuy) vdi phtfdng cham: Tfl do, Tfl giac Nhi thfla Thien diia lai cac bac g i a c ngd: T h a n h Van va Duyen Giac; Tfl da hoan; Tii da ham; Ana ham; Ala b a n
d/ Thien Dai Thfla (cdn ggi la Xua't the' g i a n t h i i d n g thfldng Thien) vdi phfldng cham: "Tii ldi, ldi tha; Tii giac, g i a c tha"
el T h i e n Td'i Thfldng thfla (cdn ggi la
Thien Nhfl Lai T h a n h Tinh, Thien Nhfl Lai Td'i Thiidng, Thien To Sif, Thien Dd'n Ngd, T h i e n Dat Ma, Thien Tfl Tanh T h a n h Tinh, T a m Tdng, ) m a n a y ggi la
Thien tong
Thien t d n g la m d t d d n g Thien cua P h a t g i a o , vdi m u c tieu g i a c ngd, giai thoat T r o n g mgi n h a n h eiia dao P h a t deu cd a p d u n g p h a p Thien - coi dd n h i i mgt dac t i n h q u a n t r g n g cua dao Phat Thien t d n g a p d u n g p h a p Thien theo p h o n g each r i e n g v a t r d t h a n h mdt t r o n g mfldi t d n g p h a i eua dao P h a t (Cau xa, Thanh thiet, Luat, P h a p tfldng, Tam l u a n , Hoa n g h i e m , T h i e n thai, Thien, Mat, va Tinh Do tdng) P h i i d n g c h a m eua Thien tdng: Ngfldi da g i a c n g d dflng t a m de g i a c ngd ngfldi k h a c ; Di t a m a n tam Vi t a m t i n h ngfldi la cai cd s a n k h d n g t h a y ddi Phfldng p h a p t u t a p la Iam cho Thien gia n h a n r a dfldc t a m t i n h Bdi vay, thfle sfl: Thien t d n g la cdt cua Dao Phat T r o n g t i n h quy l u a t cua sii tie'p bie'n, Ian toa cua v a n hoa, P h a t g i a o da dfldc du n h a p vao Viet N a m tfl r a t sdm, the' ki II SCN Trifdc dd, Viet N a m chu'a cd qud'c giao, chi cd t i n n g i i d n g d a n g i a n t h d p h u n g Cha Me, To Tien, T h a n Linh, t h d Trdi, V.V T h e o d d n g c h a y t h d i g i a n v a
1 Ajahn Chah Ty khuu Khanh Hy dich Mat hd tinh
Idng Nxb T6ng Hgp TP Ho Chf Minh, Phat lich
(3)-do t i n h c h a t P h a t giao, m a nhu:ng g i a t r i t i n h h o a P h a t g i a o da l o a n g t h a m va thfle sii t r d t h a n h sd hiiu cua d a n tdc Viet Nam, thiic sii t r d t h a n h cac ye'u td' g d p p h a n tao diing n e n v a n hoa Viet Nam Phat giao da cd a n h hfldng tich cflc, cd vai trd to ldn t r o n g tiing thdi ki k h a c n h a u va thfle sfl la qud'c g i a o cua Viet Nam t r o n g nhieu the'ki
Tren nen t a n g P h a t giao, Thien t d n g da du n h a p vao Viet N a m (tfl cudi the' ki VI, k h o a n g n a m 580), bdi Sd To la Thien sfl Ti Ni Da Lflu Chi T r o n g dieu k i e n r i e n g cua Viet Nam, Thien t d n g da diidc p h a t t r i e n vdi sac t h a i p h o n g phfl r i e n g cua n h i e u p h a i Thien Tai Viet Nam, lich su: P h a t g i a o Viet N a m la lich s ^ Thien t d n g Viet Nam T r o n g dieu k i e n cu the ve ngiidi, da't nfldc, t a i Viet Nam da h i n h t h a n h d d n g Thien r i e n g - Thien p h a i True Lam Yen Tu: vao t h e ' k i XIII, To dau la True Lam Dai Dau Da Sflc sd'ng Thien la d ndi tam, m a c h n g u d n Thien van ludn trdi chay, du duyen se biing sd'ng day dfl dieu kien cd bat Idi nhfl the' nao Mdt thdi g i a n dai, Thien t d n g Viet Nam difdng n h i i tiem an, cho tdi thdi Hau Le - the ki XVII, Thien sii Chan Nguyen t r u tri chfla Long Ddng da Iam sd'ng day Thien p h a i Trflc Lam-Yen Tu' Sau dd, diidc cac de tu' p h a t huy N g a y nay, Thien vien True Lam Yen Tu' dfldc Hda thfldng Thich T h a n h Tfl, mdt Thien sfl h i e n dai phuc hflng mdt l a n nfla Tfl dd, "md r a t r a n g Thien su' Viet N a m v a Thien p h a i True Lam Yen Tu: rflc r d h u y h o a n g vao cudi t h e k i XX, d a u the' k i XXI h d m n a y cho ca m a i sau"''^l
Tfl tfldng Thien t d n g Viet Nam m a i m.ai tdn tai ciing d a n tdc Viet Nam Cd dfldc sfl tdn v i n h ay, mdt p h a n n h d cdt
each cac Thien sfl Viet Nam, hg la n h i i n g Con Ngfldi h i e n thiic, hfldng thfldng v a n h a p the', Tflu c h u n g lai dd la t i n h each, phfldng c h a m Tuy Duyeir "Tuy Duyen g i a o hoa, cd tie'p dan, ca mdt ddi k h d n g met mdi vi ldi lac chiing sinh""<^l
T r o n g t i n h "Tuy duyen" Thien t d n g tai Viet Nam da p h a t trien tao nen nhieu mdn phai: Phai thien TH Ni Da Lmi Chi; Phai Vd Ngdn Thdng; _Phai Thao Diidng; Phai True Lam; Phai Thien Lam Te'; Thien phai Liiu Quan Cac Thien p h a i t r e n cd cac sac t h a i rieng, d u n g hdp vdi ngfldi, da't nfldc Viet Nam va trien k h a i tren nhiing k h i a canh tich cflc, sinh ddng, thiic t i l n va tie'n bd, dap ling dfldc p h a n nao yen cau cua thdi dai Ciing qua dd m a tao nen cac dac diem cua Thien t d n g Viet Nam
Dac diem thfl nha't Thien t d n g Viet Nam la d d n g Thien n h a p t h e ' h a n h ddng, r a t thiic te' "De tha'y t i n h each thfle te'cua Thien tdng, chflng t a n g h e Luc Td ndi t r o n g bai T u n g Vd tiidng: P h a t p h a p tai t h e ' g i a n Bat Ii t h e ' g i a n giac, Li t h e ' m i c h bd de, K h a p td t a m thd' giac, P h a t p h a p d
A A ' A A
the g i a n C h a n g lia t h e g i a n giac, Lia the k i e m bd de, Gid'ng nhfl t i m siing thd "''*l
Dac diem thfl h a i Thien t d n g Viet Nam cd t i n h tfl life, tfl cfldng, s a n g tao
Dac diem thfl ba Thien t d n g Viet Nam thfle sfl la ed't t u y cua Dao Phat, hfldng tdi h a n h phflc ngfldi Thfle te', "Thien dfldc dfla vao ddi sd'ng, p h u c v u d a t nfldc 2 Hoa Thugng Thich Thanh Tir Thien tdng Viet
Nam cudi the ki XX NXB TP Ho Chf Minh 1994, tr
76
3 Hoa Thugng Tliich Thanh Tir Thien tdng Viet
Nam eudi the'ki XX NXB TP H6 Chi Minh, 1994, tr
12
4 Hoa Thugng Thfch Thanh Td Thien tdng Viet
Nam cud'i the'ki XX NXB TP Ho Chf Minh 1994 tr
(4)40 Nghien cuu Ton giao Sd7 - 2010
n h a n d a n va q u a n chflng x a hdi, hfldng d a n ngifdi t u dfldng va h o a n t h i e n n h a n each d a o dflc "'^l
Thien t d n g Viet N a m b o a t d d n g t r e n nen t a n g tfl tfldng cd b a n cua Tdn chi Thien t d n g
"Cudn su: Thien m d dau vdi Bd De Dat Ma s a n g T r u n g Qud'c n a m 520 sau Tay lich, m a n g theo mdt t h d n g diep t h u t h a n g Thdng diep ay tdm tat b a n g 16 chfl nay:
9
C h a n g l a p v a n tfl
Truyen r i e n g n g o a i g i a o
9 "^
Tro t h a n g t a m ngfldi Tha'y t a n h t h a n h Phat"<«
(Tdn chi Thien t d n g t a m dich : K h d n g lap v a n tii, T r u y e n n g o a i g i a o li, Chi
9 ^
t h a n g t a m ngfldi, Thay t i n h t h a n h Phat) N h a n m a n h , g i a t r i c h u n g : t i n h t h a n thiic chiing ndi tai cua Dao Phat
Nen t a n g tfl tfldng ay, dfldc cu t h e h o a mdt each s a n g t a o qua bai p h u CU tran
lac dao cua Sfl Td Thien p h a i Trflc Lam
"Ke r a n g ,
CU tran lac dao thi duyen, Cd tac xan he khdn tac mien,
Gia trung hUu bao httu tam mich, Do'i canh vo tam mac van thien
Dich
(J ddi vui dao hay duyen, Doi de'n thi an, met nghi lien, Trong nha co bau thoi tim kie'm, Ddi canh khong tam chd hoi Thieti"-''^
T r o n g Thien t d n g Viet Nam cd t h e tam p h a n t a c h t h a n h n h i e u tii tiidng cu the T r o n g gidi b a n cua bai vie't, c a n q u a n t a m tdi mdt sd' tfl tifdng d i n h hfldng
cho v a n de n h a n s i n h q u a n cua ngflc*!, cd a n h hiidng tich cflc tdi x a hdi Viet Nam tfl lich su: tdi dfldng dai:
1 Tfl tiidng Tuy duyen: Tuy vao dieu k i e n cu the cua b a n t h a n va h o a n c a n h m a h a n h d d n g p h u hdp
2 Tfl tiidng Tinh thfle: Tfl y thfle mdt each diing d a n ve t h a n , t a m cua c h i n h m i n h
3 Tfl tfldng Tii t i n - S a n g t a o la ke't qua cua tfl tfldng t i n h thfle va t u y duyen, yeu c a n la tfl chu, tich ciic d u n g mtfc vi ldi ich ngfldi : ,
r-4 Tfl tfldng Hoa b i n h - Hoa hdp va tfl tfldng Trflc chi n h a n tam Xua't phat tfl chu trfldng "Tam t i n h qud'c tinh, tam an chiing s i n h an, t a m b i n h the'gidi binh", yen cau thfle h i e n 'Tan luc hoa": Idng ngfldi can hoa thien; g i a d i n h can hoa muc; n h a n te' can boa thuan; x a hdi can h a i hoa; n h a n g i a n can hoa mi; the'gidi can hoa binh; tdn t r g n g ngfldi, v.v
Cac ttf ttfdng t r e n p h a i dtfdc vat chat h o a va q u a dd m a a n h htfdng tdi ddi sd'ng x a hdi h i e n thfle N g a y nay, mdt t r o n g cac ye'u td' cua ddi sd'ng x a hdi hien thfle dd la tie'n t r i n h hdi n h a p k i n h te' qud'c te' d Viet Nam
Nhfl t r e n da neu, hdi n h a p k i n h te' qud'c te' la m d t ddi hdi ta't ye'u, bflc thie't cua V i e t N a m "Dd l a m d t btfdc di d u n g 5 Hoa Thugng Thfch Thanh Tii Thien tdng Viet
Nam cud'i the'ki XX NXB TP Ho Chf Minh, 1994, tr
99
6 Dai.setz Teitaro SuZuKi, Thien luan, quye'n thugng, NXB T6ng hgp TP H6 Chf Minh, 2005, tr 206 Giao hgi Phat giao Viet Nam, Ban Van hoa Trung uang, Hoa Thugng Thfch 'Hianh Tir Tam Td Tnic
Ldm gidng gidi, Thien vien Thirong, chieu Phat lich
(5)d a n theo q u y l u a t p h a t t r i e n cua n h a n loai Sfl h o a n h a p dd m d r a cho c h u n g ta n h i i n g cd hdi, "<®l
N g h i quye't Dai hdi Dai bieu D a n g
9 V * "^
Cdng san Viet N a m l a n VIII k h a n g dinh: "Day n h a n h q u a t r i n h hgi n h a p k i n h te' k h u viic va the' gidi"' Dai hdi Dai bieu Dang Cdng s a n Viet N a m l a n IX da bd s u n g h o a n thien: "Chu d d n g hgi n h a p k i n h te'qud'c t e ' v a k h u viic theo t i n h t h a n p h a t huy td'i da ndi liic, n a n g cao h i e u qua hdp tae qud'c te', b a o d a m ddc l a p ttf chu va d i n h htfdng x a hdi chu n g h i a , bao ve ldi Ich d a n tdc, a n n i n h qud'c gia, gifl g i n ban sac v a n h o a d a n tdc, bao ve mdi trfldng" Tdi N g h i quye't 07 -NQ/TW (27/11/2001) da cu the h o a h d n cho cac ndi d u n g tren
Hdi n h a p k i n h te' qud'c te' la t h a m g i a
A A ' ' A A A A cac to chtfc k i n h te k h u vtfc, the gidi,
nha't la Td chflc Thfldng m a i The' gidi (WTO) Chu d d n g hdi n h a p k i n h te' qud'c te theo t i n h t h a n p h a t h u y td'i da mgi tiem n a n g va n g u d n liic cua mgi t h a n h p h a n k i n h te', cua t o a n x a hdi T r o n g dd, cac ttf ttfdng Thien t d n g Viet Nam da, d a n g va se ed tac d u n g a n h hfldng tich cflc tdi tie'n t r i n h hdi n h a p k i n h te' qud'c te'cua Viet Nam h i e n
1 Tac d u n g a n h hfldng cua ttf ttfdng
Tuy duyen
Tuy duyen vdi ndi d u n g g i a n di "vift
bd yeu ghet, t h a n n h i e n trtfde mgi chuyen x a y Dd la m u c tieu c h i n h cua viec h a n h Thien "<^> r
Ttf ttfdng n a y vfla la stf p h u hdp, ciing
A A V A A
CO the coi la mgt t r o n g cac l u a n cfl lich su' - x a hdi cho t i n h t h a n hdi n h a p k i n h te' qud'c te' la "rdng md, da phtfdng hoa, da d a n g h o a cac q u a n he qud'c te", theo n g u y e n tac "tdn t r g n g ddc lap, chu quyen
va t o a n ven l a n h thd, k h d n g can t h i e p vao ndi bd cua nhau, g i a i quye't bat d d n g va t r a n h c h a p t h d n g qua thtfdng Itfdng h o a binh; t d n t r g n g lan nhau, b i n h d a n g va c u n g ed ldi" Dieu dd htfdng d a n b o a t d g n g t r o n g hdi n h a p k i n h te' qud'c te' la m d r d n g q u a n h e k i n h te' vdi n h i e u qud'c gia, n h i e u v u n g l a n h thd t r e n the' g i d i k h d n g p h a n biet che' c h i n h t r i -x a hdi va y thfle he Thiic h i e n da phfldng boa, da d a n g h o a q u a n h e k h d n g d a n deu m a p h a i co t r g n g tam, t r g n g diem Danh liu t i e n cao va stf q u a n t a m thoa d a n g cho p h a t t r i e n q u a n h e h d p tac, hoa binh, hiiu n g h i vdi cac ntfdc l a n g g i e n g Lao, Campuehia, ASEAN, eac ntfdc ldn T r u n g Qud'c, My, cac ntfdc Chau A - Thai Binh Dtfdng, cac ntfdc x a hdi chu n g h i a , cac ntfdc d a n tdc chu n g h i a , cac ntfdc d a n g p h a t trien, cac liic Itfdng each m a n g va tien bd t r e n the' g i d i vd'n cd q u a n he t r u y e n thd'ng vdi ntfdc ta
Tuy duyen t r o n g viec xfl li cac mdi
q u a n he d d n g t h d i vdi cac ntfdc ldn, cho t a o dtfdc the' c a n b a n g , n h i i n g k h d n g cd n g h i a la c a n b a n g ve so' hgc Yeu cau
Tuy duyen la k h d n g qua t h i e n lech, b e n h
ntfdc nay, chd'ng lai nfldc k h a c la p h a i c a n cfl vao d i e u k i e n cu the, t i n h chat q u a n he va theo c h u a n mflc cao nha't vfldt t r e n dao dflc vi ldi ich n h a n loai ndi c h u n g , k h d n g Iam tdn h a i tdi ldi Ich chie'n Ifldc c h i n h d a n g cua cac nfldc K h d n g p h a n d i n h b a n t h u x d cling m a m e m deo, l i n h boat Ban la ta't ca n h i i n g chu trfldng t d n t r g n g ddc l a p chu quyen, thie't l a p v a m d r d n g q u a n h e h d p 8 Hgc Vien Phat giao Viet Nam tai Ha Ngi Ki yeu
khoa V ndm hgc thit nhdt - 2007, tr 99
9 Ajahn Chah Ty khuu Khanh Hy dich Mdt hd tinh
idng NXB Tong Hgp, TP H6 Chf Minh, Phat lich
(6)42 Nghien ciru Ton giao Sd7 - 2010
tac, hiiu n g h i , b i n h d a n g Dd'i tfldng da'u t r a n h la t r o n g p h a m vi h a n h d d n g sai trai, tuyet n h i e n k h d n g dfldc n h a m vao ngfldi T r o n g dd'i tfldng da'u t r a n h van p h a i p h a t h i e n r a m a t can h d p tac t i n h hud'ng, h o a n canh, n h i i n g bao g i d c u n g t r e n t i n h t h a n chu dao ciia h a n h xu: n h a P h a t la Tam - Dflc - An lac cho ngtfdi Dac biet, t r a n h triic dien, ddi dau, ddi k h a n g , k h o n g de bi k i c h ddng, rdi vao t h e ' e d l a p h a y x u n g dot vu t r a n g Ta't ca cac phtfdng c h a m xu' the' a y deu cd the quy t u ve mdt muc tieu c h u n g la vi ldi ich td'i cao cua d a n tdc
2 Anh htfdng tfl tfl tfldng tinh thUc cua Thien t d n g
Tinh thUe vdi yeu cau bie't rd ve b a n
than, chfl y tdi b a n t h a n , k h d n g p h i e u dieu, k h d n g hdi hdt, bie't rd h a n h vi, t a m t r a n g b a n t h a n Mud'n vay, p h a i "theo ddi c h i n h b a n t h a n m i n h P h a i theo ddi n h i i n g p h a n ring ciia m i n h "<^°l Thfle stf la bie't m i n h thiic t r a n g da't nfldc; biet ngtfdi - ntfdc k h a c va ca the' gidi N h a n thfle d u n g t i n h h i n h qud'c te' la mdt t r o n g cac can cfl q u a n t r g n g chi dao tie'n t r i n h hdi n h a p k i n h te' qud'c te' Stf tfldng d d n g gifla hai h i e n thfle dd cd y n g h i a to ldn giflp c h u n g ta k h d n g bi Ifldng gat, dao ddng, t h a m chi t h d i p h d n g h a y ttf ti ve ban t h a n
N h a n thfle d u n g t h d i stf qud'c te' vdi cac cudc chie'n t r a n h cue bd, x u n g dot vu t r a n g , x u n g dot sac tdc, t d n g i a o vdi ta't ca nhfl'ng t i n h c h a t phflc t a p k h d Itfdng cua nd Thiic te' t h e o t i n h t h a n
tinh thUc yeu c a u l u d n l u d n b a m s a t
thiic te, v a n d u n g phtfdng p h a p l u a n N A ^
p h u h d p de d a n h g i a n g a y c a n g c h i n h x a c s a u sac h d n ve t h d i cudc, de r a c h i n h s a c h p h u h d p , h i e u qua
3 Tae d u n g cua ttf ttfdng Hoa Binh
-Hoa Hdp
"Mdt ye'u to' he't sflc q u a n t r g n g t r o n g tie'n t r i n h hdi n h a p la n h a n to h o a binh, vi ehi cd h o a b i n h mdi dem lai sfl p h d n v i n h va dn d i n h x a hdi"'<">
Hoa h d p vdi mgi ngfldi, vdi x u n g q u a n h va ca vdi c h i n h b a n t h a n "Chiing ta p h a i bie't t u la s d n g t r d ve vdi chan t a m cua minh, Bd dien dao v g n g ttfdng, sd'ng vdi cai c h a n t h a t cua minh, k h d n g ttfdng tfldng g i he't, chi b u d n g nhiing gi vd li, sd'ng vdi c h a n t a m eua m i n h ""^'
Tfl tfldng n a y nhfl sfl gdi m d dinh htfdng eho hdi n h a p k i n h te' qud'c te' thiic hien tdn t r g n g quyen sd hiiu chan chinh cua ngtfdi, p h a n dd'i ctfdng qud'c mau dich, canh t r a n h k h d n g l a n h manh, cho, "gifl viing ddc lap, tfl chu, tfl life, tfl cfldng, day manh da d a n g hoa, da phfldng hoa quan he dd'i ngoai", gdp p h a n xay dtfng gia dinh nhan loai k h o a n nhtfdng, tdn k i n h va hdp tac Cd vay mdi tie'p n h a n dtfdc t h a n h qua van minh n h a n loai va dinh htfdng qiian trgng cho nen v a n hoa hdi nhap
4 T i n h t h a n tU tin, sang tao
Tinh t h a n n a y ddi hdi "Chinh Tin - dflc t i n chac c h a n , k h d n g lay chuyen, phat s i n h tfl sfl h i e u bie't eua c h i n h m i n h "<"l
Yeu c a u tie'p theo la tfl l a m chu ban t h a n , vfldt len k h d n g sd h o a n c a n h dfl h o a n c a n h r a "Sd di chflng ta sd canh
10 Ajahn Chah Ty khuu Khanh Hy dich Mat hd
tmh Idng Sdd tx.2\?,
11 Hpc Vien Phat giao Viet Nam tai Hii Noi Ki veil
khod \' ndm hgc thir nhd't - 2007 tr 98
12 Thien vien Triic Lam Da Lat Hoa Thugng Thfch Thanh Tu Tie'n thdng vdo Thien tdng NXB TOng hgp TP Ho Chf Minh 2006 tr 139
13 Ajahn Chah Ty khuu Khanh Hy dich Mdt hd
tinh Idng NXB Tdng Hgp TP H6 Chf Minh Phat
(7)ben n g o a i , a m t h a n h ben n g o a i la vi t h a y c a n h that, a m t h a n h that Bay g i d t h a y canh g i a dd'i, a m t h a n h gia dd'i, qua rdi mat thi k h d n g cdn chtfdng nfla Viec tu k h d n g bi chfldng n h d tri tue viing, t h a y dfldc le that"<'*>
Yeu cau tie'p t h e o la tfl chu lien tuc k h d n g n g d i n g h i ;
"Ldi tu n a y iing d u n g k h i n g d i Thien, k h i lam cdng tac, k h i r a dtfdng Chflng ta cfl lam mdt each tfl nhien, k h d n g n g a i chi he't, nhflng nhd, m a t n h i n la c h a n tu, tai n g h e la c h a n tu, t h a n bie't xfle cham la chan tu'"»^l
Tinh t h a n ay cua Thien t d n g g d p p h a n tao dflng stf ttf chu, tich ctfc chu d d n g t r o n g hdi n h a p Kien d i n h vdi l a p trtfdng da chgn theo y n g u y e n ciia dan, dem lai an lac cho dan Do vay , k h d n g ehi t r a n g bi kie'n thfle k h o a hgc, kie'n thfle ehuyen n g a n h , ki n a n g l a m viec, g i a o tie'p, m a can p h a i d a n d a n h i n h h a n h q u a n diem, niem tin de k h d n g dao ddng, h o a n g m a n g trfldc cac bie'n cd' Idn cua thdi dai, qua dd, t r a n h dfldc cac sai lam: "Chi t h u a n hgc li thuye't m a k h d n g thiic h a n h thi c h a n g k h a c n a o "bd h i n h bat bdng""''^'*' Dieu dd dtfdc thiic te' k h a n g dinh: P h a t g i a o c u n g nhtf k h o a hgc deu diia vao phtfdng p h a p thiic n g h i e m Phtfdng p h a p p h a n tich cua P h a t g i a o t h d n g thtfdng su: d u n g "suy luan"' cflng dtfdc dflng r d n g r a i t r o n g k h o a hgc
Tuan theo tdn chi Thien tdng: "Dd'i canh vd tam" g i u p ca n h a n ngfldi k h d n g bi le thugc vao h o a n canh, du d hoan canh nao, ciing can chu d d n g vtfdt len, vtfdt len ca sd' phan Cdn vdi ca d a n tdc, ttf ttfdng dd nhtf mdt can cfl, mdt stf dinh htfdng cho nhiem vu gifl viing b a n sac van hoa d a n tdc Cd the coi dd nhtf mdt ye'u to' ndi sinh
ciia nen k i n h te' ttf chu, ddc lap, tiep t h u van hoa n h a n loai, d d n g gdp cac gia tri van boa d a n tdc cho n h a n loai
5 Tac d u n g cua ttf ttfdng TrUe chi
nhan tam
Ttf ttfdng n a y yeu cau, p h a t h i e n va p h a t h u y sflc m a n h tiem n a n g t r o n g ngtfdi, h i e u dflng ve b a n t h a n "bie't minh, A A A V A'' biet ta"" Khi do, ngtfdi se hieu dtfdc, dgc dtfdc c h i n h t a m m i n h " Dgc c h i n h t a m m i n h r a t thfl vi Cai t a m chtfa dtfdc h u a n luyen n a y ludn l u d n chay theo thdi quen te hai Tam n h a y n h d t thich t h u va lieu l i n h vi chtfa dtfdc hua'n luyen t h a n h thuc Bdi the', h a y h u a n luyen t a m m i n h Dd la dieu td'i thie't ye'u P h a t g i a o la dao cua tam Chi cd the' thdi Ngtfdi n a o dao luyen t a m m i n h , ngtfdi ay thiic h a n h P h a t giao"'<'"'l
Vdi ca d a n tdc t h i dd la qua t r i n h gifl vu:ng qud'c hdn, qud'c tfly, ddc l a p tfl chu, ke't h d p tie'p t h u sflc m a n h ben n g o a i vdi sflc m a n h t r o n g nfldc t a o n e n t h e ' v a Iflc -h a y vi t-he' Viet N a m t r o n g q u a n -he qud'c te' Mdt thfle te' la k h d n g It dd'i tac vdi Viet N a m mud'n d u n g sflc m a n h uy hiep, ep budc Viet Nam, t h a m chi cdn nudi y tfldng lai e h e ' d o c h i n h t r i Viet Nam theo htfdng khac Do dd, p h a i tich ctfc chd'ng "dien bie'n h o a binh" v a v a n de "nhan quyen" Chd'ng n h i i n g h o a t ddng, td chflc, p h o n g t r a o cd a m mflu d e n td'i m u d ' n
14 Thien vien Tnic Lam Da Lat Hoa Thugng Thfch Thanh TCr Tieh thang vdo Thien rdng, NXB T6ng hop TP Ho Chf Minh, 2006, tr
15 Thien vien True Lam Da Lat Hoa Thugng Thfch Thanh Tir Tien thdng vdo Thien tdng Sdd tr 104
16 Ajahn Chah Ty khuu Khanh Hy dich Mat hd
tinh Idng NXB TOng Hgp, TP H6 Chf Minh Phat
lich 2552, 2008, tr 26
17 Ajahn Chah Ty khuu Khanh Hy dich Mdt hd
(8)44 Nghien cuu Ton giao Sd7 - 2010
d u n g n h a n quyen t h a y cho chu quyen d a n tdc va l a m s u y g i a m vai trd l a n h dao cua D a n g Cdng s a n Viet Nam
6 Tae d u n g cua tfl tfldng va p h o n g each tfl sang tao Thien t d n g
Thien t d n g hfldng d a n viec p h u c hdi n h a n h sflc m a n h , k h a n a n g a p d u n g , thich n g h i va l i n h ddng, k h d n g a p dat, g i a o dieu, bao thu Khi tie'p c a n vdi h o a n c a n h mdi, thu' t h a c h mdi, ddi hdi stf d a p ling mdi, mdi ca n h a n k h d n g giao dieu thi xa hdi r d n g m d td't dep Ve chie'n tranh, Thien g i u p n h a n thfle dflng: b a n thfl khdng the cham diit b a n g b a n t h u ma phai bang t i n h thfldng Ke't qua va cung la ndi dung tfl ttfdng va p h o n g each ttf sang
tao theo p h o n g each Thien tdng
a N h a n thfle the' gidi, thdi dai, qua t r i n h hdi n h a p k i n h te' qud'c te' k h a c h quan k h o a hgc, bien chiing, t r a n h sai lam ap dat chu quan, xua't p h a t tfl l u a n li: mudn p h a p t a m s i n h r a mdt each chu quan, y chi, qua dd m a giflp cho h a n h d d n g d u n g dan, cd h i e u qua cao
b Nha't q u a n t r o n g m u c tieu, l i n h h o a t t r o n g viec ke't h d p life Itfdng t r o n g t h a n -tam va n g o a i canh, thfle h i e n td't n g u y e n tac, phfldng p h a p luan: "di bat bie'n, iing v a n bie'n" Bat bie'n la stf t r u n g t h a n h vdi muc tieu h a n h phuc, a n lac cho ngtfdi, nhu'ng cac b i e n p h a p m a n g t i n h chat "van bie'n" t u y d u y e n va ludn ludn n h a m vao muc tieu cd b a n va lau dai, b a t bie'n neu tren
c Ludn gifl viing ddc lap, tfl chu Nam vu:ng x u the' cua t h d i dai t r o n g sfl p h a t
A ' ^
trien chung, hdp quy luat; mem deo, cd dgng, l i n h b o a t t r o n g cudc sd'ng
N g a y nay, the' g i d i d a n g x a y dtfng g i a d i n h n h a n loai; Can dem cua cai hdi
mdn cua mdi ntfdc g i a n h a p g i a dinh ay; Viet Nam k h d n g n g o a i le, k h d n g chi vi ldi lac cua r i e n g Viet Nam, m a cdn g d p p h a n vi ldi lac ca n h a n loai, g i a t a n g n g h i l l htfdng n g o a i va ea g i a t a n g n g h i l l htfdng ndi, p h a t h u y tiem n a n g t r o n g mdi ngtfdi, t r u y e n ba Thien t d n g r a the' gidi qua h o a t d d n g k i n h te'
Tom lai: Ve Thien t d n g Viet N a m ndi
r i e n g , tfl cdi n g u d n P h a t g i a o ndi chung, Chu tich ntfdc N g u y i n M i n h Triet da p h a t bieu: "Phat g i a o Viet N a m da t r a i qua h a n g n g a n n a m lich su", thdi ki nao, P h a t g i a o c u n g lay dflc tfl bi, hi xa, lay c h a n - t h i e n - m i de g i a o h o a chflng sinh, lay t r i tue v a p h u n g sfl da't nfldc lam sfl n g h i e p va phfldng c h a m h a n h dao, n h i i n g g i a t r i td't dep cua P h a t g i a o da g d p p h a n h u n due n e n n h i i n g g i a t r i td't dep cua ngfldi Viet Nam Lich su' Viet Nam da g h i n h a n P h a t g i a o Viet Nam cd n h i i n g d d n g g d p x i i n g d a n g cho viec bao ve va x a y dtfng da't ntfdc'"^^^l
Do vay, c a n sif d u n g kie'n thfle, cae gia t r i t r u y e n thd'ng de g d p p h a n g i a i quye't c d n g viec n g a y nay, t a o mdi trfldng t h u a n Idi cho tie'n t r i n h hdi n h a p k i n h te' qud'c te' T h i e n t d n g d a thfle sfl la cdt cua dao P h a t vdi cac g i a t r i dao dflc, n h a n s i n h cd t i n h ben viing dai lau Dieu dd k h d n g n h i i n g cd Idi cho sfl dn dinh, p h a t t r i e n d a n tdc m a cdn cho ca cdng d d n g the' gidi T h i e n t d n g g d p p h a n cho stf tie'n bd c h u n g cua the' gidi, t h i c h hdp t r o n g t h d i dai mdi: p h u c hdi n h a n h sflc m a n h , k h a n a n g a p d u n g , t h i c h n g h i va l i n h ddng, k h d n g vdi ke't l u a n ciing nhac, a p dat, t r a n h k h u y n h htfdng g i a o dieu./
18 Hoc Vien Phat giao Viet Nam tai Ha Noi Ki ye'u
2552.2008.tr.