*Chú ý: Thì hiện tại đơn có thể được dùng trong mệnh đề chính để diễn tả một điều kiện luôn đúng.. Usage.[r]
(1)UNIT POLLUTION I/ Vocabs:
1 affect (v) /əˈfekt/: làm ảnh hưởng algea (n) /ˈældʒiː/: tảo
3 aquatic (adj) /əˈkwætɪk/: nước billboard (n) /ˈbɪlbɔːd/: biển quảng cáo trời blood pressure (n) /blʌd ˈpreʃə/: huyết áp cause (n,v) /kɔːz/: nguyên nhân, gây
7 cholera (n) /ˈkɒlərə/: bệnh tả come up with (v) /kʌm ʌp wɪð/: nghĩ
9 contaminate (v) /kənˈtæmɪneɪt/: làm bẩn 10 contaminant (n) /kənˈtæmɪnənt/: chất gây bẩn 11 dump (v) /dʌmp/: vứt, bỏ 12 earplug (n) /ˈɪəplʌɡ/: nút tai
13 effect (n) /ɪˈfekt/: kết 14 fine (v) /faɪn/: phạt tiền
15 float (v) /f əʊt/: 16 groundwater (n) /ˈɡraʊndwɔːtə/: nước ngầm 17 hearing loss (n) /ˈhɪərɪŋ lɒs/: thính lực 18 illustrate (v) /ˈɪləstreɪt/: minh họa
19 litter (n, v) /ˈlɪtə/: rác vụn (mẩu giấy, vỏ lon…), vứt rác 20 measure (v) /ˈmeʒə/: đo
21 non-point source pollution (n) /nɒn-pɔɪnt sɔːs pəˈluːʃn/: ô nhiễm không nguồn (nguồn phân tán) 22 permanent (adj) /ˈpɜːmənənt/: vĩnh viễn
23 point source pollution (n) /pɔɪnt sɔːs pəˈluːʃn/: ô nhiễm có nguồn
24 poison (n, v) /ˈpɔɪzn/: chất độc, làm nhiễm độc 25 pollutant (n) /pəˈluːtənt/: chất gây ô nhiễm 26 radioactive (adj) /ˌreɪdiəʊˈỉktɪv/: thuộc phóng xạ
27 radiation (n) /ˌreɪdiˈeɪʃn/: phóng xạ 28 thermal (adj) /ˈθɜːml/: thuộc nhiệt 29 untreated (adj) /ˌʌnˈtriːtɪd/: không xử lý 30 visual (adj) /ˈvɪʒuəl/: thuộc thị giác II/ Grammar
1 Conditional sentences type (Câu điều kiện loại 1) a Form
IF CLAUSE (Mệnh đề If) MAIN CLAUSE (Mệnh đề chính)
Simple Present (Thì đơn) If + S + V (s/es)
+ be (am/is/are
+ don’t/doesn’t +V(inf)
Simple Future (Thì tương lai đơn)
S + will/ won’t + V (bare infinitive)
Ex: If I have enough money, I will buy a big house. b Usage
- Câu điều kiện loại diễn tả điều kiện xảy tương lai. Ex: If you learn hard, you will pass the exam
- Trong câu điều kiện loại 1, đơn dùng mệnh đề If, cịn tương lai đơn được dùng mệnh đề chính.
*Chú ý: Thì đơn dùng mệnh đề để diễn tả điều kiện luôn đúng
2 Conditional sentences type (Câu điều kiện loại 2) a Form.
IF CLAUSE (Mệnh đề If) MAIN CLAUSE (Mệnh đề chính) If +S + V-ed/2
+ didn’t + V(inf)… If + S + be (were/weren’t)…
S + would/ could/might + V(infinitive) S + wouldn’t/ couldn’t +V (infinitive) Ex :If I became rich, I would spend all my time travelling.
b Usage
- Câu điều kiện loại câu điều kiện khơng có thật thường dùng để nói lên tưởng tượng của người nói (Điều kiện xảy tương lai).
(2)Chú ý Trong mệnh đề khơng có thật tại, dùng were thay cho was trong tất mệnh đề If.
Eg If I were you, I would study English hard. 3/ Phrases of cause and effect
1/ CAUSE (Nguyên nhân)
a/ since/ because + clause, + clause b due to/ because of + Sth, clause 2/ EFFECT (Hậu quả)
a Clause + , so + clause
b to cause sth / to lead to st / to result in sth (gây ra/ dẫn đến/ đưa đến kết đó) c to make sb / sth sth
III/ Exercises:
I Give the correct form of the verbs in the brackets:
1 Mai (have) ………… … a test at this time tomorrow My bike (repair) ……… by my father yesterday They (live)……… In Hoa Binh for more than 20 years ?
4 He (not use to)… walk to school Now he likes walk) because it’s good for your health If I have free time, I (visit……… ) my grandparents
6 Look! Those boys ( swim) … ……… in that river
7 Lan used to (get) up late, but now she (get) up much earlier People ( make) a lot of accidents so far
9 Her mother always tells her that she has to (be) ……… home before p.m 10 When I came, the whole family (have)……… dinner around the table 11.We all adored (do) aerobics when we were young
12 If you are kind to me, I (be) _ good to you
13.If he (give) _ up smoking, as his doctor orders, he will be soon well again 14 You (not pass) _ your driving test unless you drive more carefully 15 He’ll be ill if he (not stop) worrying so much
16 We’ll go to the beach tomorrow if it ( be) nice 17.If I were you, I (look) for a new place to live
18 If Lan wasn’t ill, she ( join) out tree planting activity
19.If there were fewer cars on the road, there (be) less pollution
20.If people really cared about the environment, they ( not dump ) waste into the lake 21.If there was no fresh water in the world, what (happen)
22.If you (be) the president, what would you to help the environment ? 23.They get sick so often.If they exercised more, they (be) heathier 24.If I (have) one million US dollars , I would build more parks in our city
25.Quan’s mother is unhappy.If Quan tided his room every day, his mother (not be) so upset 26.There isn’t a garden at house If there were, we (grow) vegetables
27What you (do)……… if she refuses your invitation?
28.If today (be) ……….Sunday, we (go) ……… to the beach
29.Unless they (pass) ………their examinations, they would join the army 30.You (be) ……….ill if you drink that water
II/Complete the sentences, using the correct form of the words in brackets.
1.People believe that the water has brought cancer to the local residents (pollute)
2.Light pollution make us to see the stars in the sky (able)
3.Noise is considered as pollution (environment)
4
habitats have been destroyed in recent years (nature)
5.A number of cleaning products contain chemicals (harm)
(3)bacteria.(contaminate)
7.An of agrochemicals is pesticides (illustrate)
8.Contaminants are usually to aquatic plants (poison)
9 Every year we celebrate our … (depend)
10 There’s no … service in the United Kingdom (nation)
11 He gets very angry if you … with his ideas (agree)
12 She smiles so … , doesn’t she? (attract)
13 The Internet has ……… developed in every field (increase)
14 I quarreled with my ……… ,and he dismissed me (employ)
15 The teacher asked each student to write a ……… … of his hometown (describe) III/ Find and correct the mítakes
1 Many people prefer taking part in sports than watching them My father has less days off than Tim’s father
3 Three days ago, The Browns go for a picnic in the country You look tired You’d better stay inside on recess
5 We have English classes in Monday, Wednesday and Friday Da Nang is one of the biggest city in Viet Nam
7 Nga is a keen student and she studies very hardly before tests Tuan is the more intelligent student in our class
9.My father always has a lot of houseworks to
10 My brother doesn't like durians, and I don't like them, too
IV/ Find the word which has different stress pattern from the others. 1 A artistic B historic C dramatic D scientific 2 A medical B national C chemical D historical 3 A athletic B dramatic C scientific D heroic 4 A medical B hospital C politic D electric 5 A chemical B physical C environmental D medical
V- Rewrite each sentence, beginning as shown
1- I don’t have an umbrella with me so I get wet
If I……… 2- I’ll call the police if you don’t leave me alone
Unless……… 3- You drink too much coffee, that’s why you can’t sleep
If you……… 4- If you didn’t tell me about Sue’s hair, I wouldn’t notice her
Unless……… 5- If you see Peter, tell him he should be here at 00
Should……… 6.Unless the weather is fine, we’ll stay at home
-> If ……… 7.Don’t take this job if you don’t really want it
-> Unless ……… 8.She is too weak, she can’t take any exercise
=>If……… 9.People don’t understand him because he doesn’t speak clearly
=>If……… 10.Why don't you take the bus?
If ………
VI/ Combine the sentences in each pair into a new sentence that shows a cause/ effect
relationship Use cause and effect signal word or phrase given in brackets.
(4)(because)
2. The global population has increased There are much better levels of nutrition (because of)
3. Nuclear explosions and detonations of nuclear weapons cause radioactive pollution (lead to)
4. More and more roads are being built Air pollution is rising (as a consequence)
5. In the last ten years, many BC valleys have been clearcut 142 species of salmon have become extinct (so)
6. The fish and other aquatic animals have died The water is polluted (due to)
UNIT ENGLISH SPEAKING COUNTRIES Aborigines (n) /ˌæbəˈrɪdʒəniz/ thổ dân châu Úc
2 absolutely (adv) /ˈæbsəluːtli / tuyệt đối, chắn
3 accent (n) /ˈæksent/ giọng điệu4 awesome (adj) /ˈɔːsəm/ tuyệt vời
5 cattle station (n) / ˈkætl ˈsteɪʃn/ trại gia súc ghost (n) /ɡəʊst/ ma
7 haunt (v) /hɔːnt/ ám ảnh, ma ám icon (n) /ˈaɪkɒn/ biểu tượng kangaroo (n) /ˌkæŋɡəˈruː/ chuột túi 10 koala (n) /kəʊˈɑːlə/ gấu túi 11 kilt (n) /kɪlt/ váy ca-rô đàn ông Scotland 12 legend (n) /ˈledʒənd/ huyền thoại
13 loch (n) /lɒk/ hồ (phương ngữ Scotland) 14 official (adj) /əˈfɪʃl/ thống/ thức 15 parade (n) /pəˈreɪd/ diễu hành 16 puzzle (n) /ˈpʌzl/ trò chơi đố
17 schedule (n) /ˈʃedjuːl/ lịch trình, thời gian biểu 18 Scots/ Scottish (n) /skɒts/ ˈskɒtɪʃ/ người Scotland 19 state (n) /steɪt/ bang