• Trademarks — exclusive rights to words, symbols or other marks to distinguish goods and services; trademarks are. registered with the Patent Office[r]
(1)Technology-based Industries & the Management of Innovation
Technology-based Industries & the Management of Innovation
• Competitive advantage in technology-intensive Industries
– Appropriating the returns to innovation
• Strategies to exploit innovation
– Alternative approaches
– Timing: to lead or to follow? – Managing risk
• Competing for standards
• Implementing technology strategy
– The conditions for creativity – From invention to innovation
(2)The Development of Technology: From Knowledge Generation to Diffusion The Development of Technology: From
Knowledge Generation to Diffusion
Basic
Knowledge Invention Innovation Diffusion
IMITATION
ADOPTION Supply side
(3)The Development of Technology: Lags Between Knowledge Generation and Commercialization
The Development of Technology: Lags Between Knowledge Generation and Commercialization
BASIC FIRST PRODUCT IMITATION KNOWLEDGE PATENTS LAUNCH
Xerography late 19th and 1940 1958 1974 early 20th
centuries
Jet Engines 17th early 1930 1957 1959
20th centuries
Fuzzy logic 1960’s 1981 1987 1988
(4)Appropriation of Value:- How are the Benefits from Innovation Distributed? Appropriation of Value:- How are the Benefits from Innovation Distributed?
Customers
Suppliers
Imitators and other “followers”
(5)The Profitability of Innovation
The Profitability of Innovation
• Legal protection • Complementary resources
• Imitability of the technology
•Lead time
Profits from Innovation
Value of the innovation
Innovator’s ability to appropriate the
(6)Legal Protection of Intellectual Property Legal Protection of Intellectual Property
• Patents —exclusive rights to a new product, process, substance or design.
• Copyrights —exclusive rights to artistic, dramatic, and musical works.
• Trademarks — exclusive rights to words, symbols or other marks to distinguish goods and services; trademarks are
registered with the Patent Office • Trade Secrets — protection of chemical formulae,
recipes, and industrial processes.
(7)Complementary Resources
Complementary Resources
Bargaining power of owners of complementary resources depends upon whether complementary resources are generic or specialized.
Manufacturing Distribution
Service
Complementary technologies Other
Other Marketing
Finance
Core