Optimal operation of micro energy networks based on energy hub model

博士留学生学位论文 基于能量枢纽模型的微能源网优化运行 氧化石墨烯调控纳米结构 ZnO 和 TiO2 作 者 姓 名 HA THANH TUNG 学 科 专 业 电力系统及其自动化 指 导 教 师 张勇军 教授 所 在 学 院 电力学院 论文提交日期 20 18 年 12 月 日 Optimal operation of Micro energy networks based on energy hub model A Dissertation Submitted for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy Candidate：Ha Thanh Tung Supervisor：Prof YongJun Zhang South China University of Technology Guangzhou, China 分类号：TM71 学校代号：10561 学 号：201512800123 华南理工大学博士学位论文 基于能量枢纽模型的微能源网优化运行 作者姓名：Ha Thanh Tung 指导教师姓名、职称：张勇军 教授 申请学位级别：工学博士 学科专业名称：电力系统及其自动化 研究方向：能源互联网优化运行 论文提交日期：2018 年 12 月 26 日 论文答辩日期：2019 年 03 月 日 学位授予单位：华南理工大学 学位授予日期： 答辩委员会成员： 主席： 蔡泽祥 委员： 吴杰康、管霖、刘明波、张勇军 年 月 日 华南理工大学 学位论文原创性声明 本人郑重声明：所呈交的论文是本人在导师的指导下独立进行研究所 取得的研究成果。除了文中特别加以标注引用的内容外，本论文不包含任 何其他个人或集体已经发表或撰写的成果作品。对本文的研究做出重要贡 献的个人和集体，均已在文中以明确方式标明。本人完全意识到本声明的 法律后果由本人承担。 作者签名： 日期： 年 月 日 学位论文版权使用授权书 本学位论文作者完全了解学校有关保留、使用学位论文的规定，即： 研究生在校攻读学位期间论文工作的知识产权单位属华南理工大学。学校 有权保存并向国家有关部门或机构送交论文的复印件和电子版，允许学位 论文被查阅（除在保密期内的保密论文外）；学校可以公布学位论文的全 部或部分内容，可以允许采用影印、缩印或其它复制手段保存、汇编学位 论文。本人电子文档的内容和纸质论文的内容相一致。 本学位论文属于： □保密，（校保密委员会审定为涉密学位时间： 年 月 日） 于 年 月 日解密后适用本授权书。 □不保密,同意在校园网上发布，供校内师生和与学校有共享协议 的单位浏览；同意将本人学位论文编入有关数据库进行检索，传播学位论 文的全部或部分内容。 (请在以上相应方框内打“√”) 作者签名： 指导教师签名： 作者联系电话： 联系地址(含邮编)： 日期： 日期： 电子邮箱： 摘要 在当今经济社会活动中，能源发挥着重要的作用。一方面，能源成本是产品价值 的重要影响因素；另一方面，能源的安全和由能源利用所引发的环境问题也促使人类 不断探索节能以及环保的新模式，促进了科学和技术的发展革新。当前针对能源危机 和环境问题，全球科学家重点关注的一个解决方案就是构建能够综合不同类型能源的 能源网络，即综合能源系统。通过综合能源系统增强用户用能的可靠性、减少环境污 染、提高能源综合利用效率，推进社会资源环境的可持续性发展。 能量枢纽（Energy Hub，EH）是构建综合能源系统的一个重要基础。能量枢纽模 型构建了一个可连接各种类型能量，并且可以灵活响应各种负荷需求的微能源系统模 型，适用于居民区以及市中心等负荷集中区。如今，城市化的快速发展导致了负荷的 激增以及负荷使用类型的多样化，同时，先进的可再生能源技术以及存储和转化技术 在提高能源效率方面也取得了重大的进展。因此需要新的研究方案来改进能量枢纽的 结构并且解决多个能量枢纽构建的微能源网模型的最优运行的问题。本文将在能量枢 纽模型的基础上，对综合微能源网的优化运行问题进行分析，本文的主要内容分为以 下三个部分： 1、为突破现有 EH 建模研究的局限性，本文提出了一种扩展 EH 模型，用于提高 住宅区负荷的综合能源利用效率，降低能源使用成本。这个扩展模型考虑到了太阳能 （包括太阳能的光电利用和光热应用）与电池储能系统(Battery energy storage system， BESS)相结合。在现有的能源价格及满足能源负荷需求的前提下，以一天能源使用总成 本最低为目标，对 EH 中设备及外部供能的功率分配进行优化。约束条件包含了 EH 输 入-输出的能量平衡，设备的容量限制以及 BESS 的荷电状态约束等。仿真算例对比分 析了在不同 EH 结构的情况下，太阳能光电、光热利用和 BESS 对运行调度的影响。结 果表明所提出的模型对优化用户综合用能具有较好的效益，并且，该 EH 结构和运行优 化模型适用于住宅型园区的负荷。 2、EH 的结构特征和优化运行对园区供能特性和可靠性具有重大影响。为了更好 地实现园区的优化供能，通过同时关注 EH 的结构特征和优化运行来协同园区的能源优 化至关重要。由于目前对同时考虑 EH 系统结构及优化运行的联合优化问题缺乏研究， 因此，本文研究着重于建立快速识别系统最优结构并同时满足最优运行两个目标的数 学模型。具体地，本文提出了具有 12 个元件（包括能量输入、转化以及储存元件）的 I EH 模型。在该优化问题中，采用二进制变量来表示元件使用与否的状态，当二进制变 量为 时，代表该元件未被使用，而当二进制变量为 时，代表该元件处于使用的状 态中。通过 12 个元件的组合，本文提出了 144 种具有不同能量枢纽结构的优化场景， 并针对不同场景下的能量枢纽最优运行结果进行了比较。在对优化结果进行比较后可 以发现，对结构和运行进行统一优化之后得到的能量枢纽的最优结构与 144 种不同结 构中对运行进行优化后成本最低的结构是相同的。因此，本文所提的数学模型能够快 速准确地同时解决结构和运行的最优化问题。 3、基于对含有多个 EH 优化运行研究的不足，并考虑到可再生能源和储能系统在 微能源网中逐渐广泛应用的场景，本文提出了微能源网络（MEN）的协调优化运行的 方法，该微能源网络包括了光伏、风电、电网和天然气传输网、以及多个 EH。本文引 入了四种不同的运行方案（单纯考虑电力作用、考虑电能和天然气的作用、考虑电力 天然气以及可再生能源的作用、考虑电力天然气可再生能源以及储能共同的作用）来 评估能源类型和储能系统对微能源网性能的影响。求解的结果表明，与传统的单纯电 力供应网络相比，在考虑太阳能，风能和储能系统的能量枢纽基础上构造的能量枢纽 效率更高。 本文采用通用代数建模系统（GAMS）对所建立的数学模型进行求解，本文得到 的结论对构建小规模多能量需求的能源管理模型具有重要的指导意义。 关键词：微能源网；能量枢纽；优化运行；GAMS；BESS；最优结构 II Abstract Energy plays an essential role in all social and economic activities with deep engagement Energy cost is one of the key-driven factors contributing to industry manufactory and even other social areas such as culture and politics Energy security and environmental issues have facilitated human beings to explore energy-efficient, economical and environment-friendly models The energy network, combining various different energy categories, tends to be an innovative solution that attracts scientists’ eyeball worldwide Such energy network helps to enhance reliability, reduce environmental pollution, facilitate technology development in the energy system and promote energy sustainability Hereby energy hub (EH) can be used to build up energy network model In terms of micro energy network (MEN), the multi-energy network operation optimization is analyzed based on the EH model The solution is applied to the regions with highly intensive energy consumption, including residential areas, urban areas, etc Besides, the rapid urbanization has led to load volume expansion and diversified energy consumption The advanced technology of renewables integration, alongside with storage and conversion sections, has improved energy efficiency The new research proposal is required to optimize EH structure and operations of MEN model built up by multiple EH This dissertation especially aims to resolve the following key issues: 1/ This thesis presents an extended EH model to optimize total energy use costs for loads in residential areas, with the aim to fulfill the research gap in EH modeling and improving the operational efficiency of multiple forms of energy consumption This extended model considering the involves solar energy (provided by PV and SHE) combined with Battery energy storage system (BESS) The optimization problem is set up based on daily load demand (such as electricity, heat, and cooling) and time-of-use (TOU) energy prices A mathematical model is constructed with the objective of optimizing total energy cost during the day, including some constraints such as input-output energy balance of the EH, electricity price, capacity limitation of the system, and charge/discharge power of BESS Four operational cases based on different EH structures are compared to assess the effect of solar energy applications and BESS on operational efficiency The results show that the proposed III model predicts significant changes to the characteristics of electricity and gas power bought from utilities, leading to reduced total energy cost compared to other cases They also indicate that the model is appropriate for the characteristics of residential loads 2/ The structural and optimal operation of an energy hub has a tremendous influence on the hub’s performance and reliability In order to achieve the global optimum conditions for supplying energy, it is quite essential to develop the optimization research issues by focusing on hub system structure and operation simultaneously Based on the lack of study about joint optimization problem, this research also concentrates on establishing a mathematical model to rapidly identify the optimal model structure that simultaneously satisfies two objectives: optimizing operating costs and selecting the optimal operating structure The objective of the investigation is to penetrate into this joint optimization problem with a handy calculation method This thesis envisions an innovative methodology that prominently increases the synergy between structural and operational optimization and targets system cost affordability The generalized energy system structure is presented theoretically with all selective hub submodules, including electric heater (EHe) and solar sources block sub-modules To minimize energy usage cost, an energy hub is proposed that consists of 12 kinds of elements (i.e., energy resources, conversion, and storage functions) and is modeled mathematically in a General Algebraic Modeling System (GAMS), which indicates the optimal hub structure’s corresponding elements with binary variables (0, 1) Simulation results contrast with 144 various scenarios established in all 144 categories of hub structures, in which for each scenario the corresponding optimal operation cost is previously calculated These case studies demonstrate the effectiveness of the suggested model and methodology 3/ Previous peer research seldom addresses the problem of multiple EH optimal operations Considering integration of renewables and storage systems, the dissertation proposes a method to coordinate optimal operations in MEN containing electricity and natural gas networks, based on EH model The EH can be considered as the grand network node to contain various categories of energy The demands for electricity, heat, and cooling load can be fulfilled with the application of conversion and storage devices Four different operating scenarios are established to evaluate how energy sources and storage systems influence MEN In comparison to traditional electricity supply, the simulation results indicate that MEN built IV up by EH, with the integration of solar energy, wind energy and storage systems, is more efficient The General Algebraic Modeling System (GAMS) is applied to solve the optimal operating problems in this study The dissertation research contributes to the modeling and calculation for flexible and efficient energy management, meeting the demand for small-scale loads with various energy engagement Keywords： Micro energy network; Energy Hub; Optimal operation, General algebraic modeling system (GAMS); Optimal structure V Table of Contents 摘 要 I Abstract III Table of Contents VI Chapter Introduction and Literature review 1.1 Motivation 1.2 Literature Review 1.2.1 Micro energy network 1.2.2 Energy hub 1.2.3 Optimal operation of EH 10 1.3 Introduction to GAMS programming language 14 1.3.1．Algorithm and solver MINOS in GAMS programming language 16 1.3.2 Algorithm and solver BONMIN GAMS programming language 21 1.4 Research opbjectives 22 1.5 Thesis 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Energy energy and BESS MPCE 发表的卷 期、年 月、页码 相当于学 位论文的 哪一部分 （章、 节） 被索引 收录情 况 Chapter SCI Chapter SCI Chapter SCI Chapter SCOPUS May 2017, Volume 5, Issue 3, pp 389– 399 Energy Hub’s Thanhtung Ha, Structural and Yongjun Zhang, Operational Jinbao Hao, V.V Optimization for Thang, Canbing Minimal Energy Usage Li, Zexiang Cai Costs in Energy March Energies 2018, 11(4):707 Systems Optimal operation of the micro energy Thanhtung Ha, Yongjun Zhang, Jinbao Hao, V.V Thang network considering IEEE ACCESS solar, wind, and energy storages system based 拟投稿 on energy hub modeling V.V Thang, Yongjun Zhang, Thanhtung Ha, Shiling Liu Optimal operation of International energy hub in Journal of competitive electricity Energy and market considering Environmental uncertainties Engineering 114 September 2018, Volume 9, Issue 3, pp 351– 362 List of Publications 陈泽兴，张勇 军，许志恒， 蔡泽祥， 计及需求价格弹性的 区域能源中心建模与 June 2018 电力系统自动 化 日前优化调度 EI Vol,42 No,12 27-35 Thanhtung Ha Conference: 978-1-5090- 2016 IEEE 3069-9 Thanhtung Ha, Energy Hub modeling International Yongjun Zhang, for minimal energy Conference on Jianang Huang, usage cost in residential Power and V.V Thang areas Renewable 10.1109/ICPRE 2016.7871161 Chapter EI Chapter EI Oct 2016, pp Energy (ICPRE) Conference: Thanhtung Ha, Optimal operation of Yongjun Zhang, energy hub with Jinbao Hao, T different structures for Hong Anh minimal energy usage Pham cost 2017 2nd Thanhtung Ha, Yongjun Zhang Yongjun Zhang, Thanhtung Ha, T Hong Anh Pham 2157-8 Conference on 10.1109/ICPRE Power and 2017.8390495 Renewable Energy Sept 2017, pp 31-37 Conference: 978-1-5090- An Optimal Control 2016 IEEE 3069-9 Method of Ice-storage International Air Conditioning Based Conference on on Reducing Direct Power and Cooling Cost Renewable Sequentially Energy (ICPRE) Jinbao Hao, 978-1-5386- International (ICPRE) Jianang Huang, 659–663 10.1109/ICPRE 2016.7871161 Oct 2016, pp 264–268 Demand Response PowerCon2018 Scheduling Strategy for -11th Air-conditioning International PowerCon2018 Considering the Users’ Conference on 已录用 Somatosensory Power System Compensation Technology 115 EI EI South China University of Technology Doctoral Dissertation 2019 Thanhtung Ha, Yongjun Zhang, 10 Jinbao Hao, T Hong Anh Optimal operation of the micro energy network based on energy hub modeling Pham International Conference on Environment 拟投稿 Chapter EI Sciences and Renewable Energy 2019 Optimal Planning of 11 V.V Thang, Thanhtung Ha, Energy Hubs International Considering Renewable Journal of February 2019, Energy Sources and Sustainable Vol 8, No 1, Battery Energy Storage Energy and 36-47; System Environmental Research 116 国际 Chapter 期刊 Acknowledgements Acknowledgments First of all, I would like to express my sincere gratitude towards Professor Zhang Yong Jun for his continuous support and encouragement of my Ph.D study and research, as well as his instruction and guidance under which this thesis is completed He is a motivating, patient and enthusiastic person from whom I have learned not only not only valuable knowledge but also the professional working attitude, the passion and the ability to confront challenges I am also deeply thankful to the teachers of School of International Education, School of Electric Power System and South China University of Technology for giving me the opportunities to pursue my further research here, as well as to provide me with the best conditions to study Chinese, specialized subjects in an incredible learning environment during my years of settling and studying in Guangzhou, China My great thankfulness goes to my fellow students in my research lab who have given me precious support to overcome the language barrier, to adapt myself to specialized and professional knowledge, and to create the existence of this thesis I would like to express my deep gratitude to my parents, relatives and friends for their continuous and unconditional encouragement through thick and thin Especially, I would like to thank my dear wife – Mrs Pham Thi Hong Anh – who always stands beside me and walks with me along my journey And finally, my thanks are for China and Chinese people for the wonderful things I have received Thank you very much! 117 .. .Optimal operation of Micro energy networks based on energy hub model A Dissertation Submitted for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy Candidate：Ha Thanh Tung Supervisor：Prof YongJun Zhang... 1/ The problem of optimal operation of single EH a Basic model Operating optimal energy system is a kind of optimal distribution of different types of energy to meet the operational objectives... operation of the micro energy networks on the basis of the EH model: Traditional forms of energy distribution through electrical systems have shown significant effects of renewable energy and energy