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-They said,“ We came on foot.” Past simple/Past perfect - They said they came/had come on foot.. Past progressive.[r]
(1)REPORTED SPEECH
DIRECT SPEECH REPORTED SPEECH
VERB TENSES
Present simple
- Martin said , “I never eat meat ” Past simple- Martin said he never ate meat Present progressive
-Tom said, “ It’s getting late.” Past progressive- Tom said it was getting late Present perfect
-Mai said,“I’ve never seen that film before.”
Past perfect
- Mai said she had never seen that film before Present perfect progressive
-Luck said,“ I’ve been learning English for 5 years.”
Past perfect progressive
-Luck said he had been learning English for 5 years
Past simple
-They said,“ We came on foot.” Past simple/Past perfect- They said they came/had come on foot Past progressive
-She said,“ I was cooking at 5 o’clock.”
Past progressive/Past perfect progressive -She said she was cooking/had been cooking at 5 o’clock
Future simple
-Justin said, “I’ll phone you.”
Future in the past
-Justin said he would phone me Future progressive
-She said,“ I’ll be playing the piano at 3 o’clock tomorrow.”
Future progressive in the past
- She said she would be playing the piano at 3 o’clock the following day
MODAL VERBS
Can
- “ I can swim”
Could
- She said she could swim May
- “ It may rain.”
Might
- They thought it might rain Must
- “I must go now” Sarah said Must/had to- Sarah said she must/had to go Demonstratives
Đại từ chỉ định This- Peter said, “I’ll come to take this book.” That-Peter said he would come to take that book These
-“I don’t believe these students.”
Those
- He said he didn’t believe those students Adverbials
Trạng từ
Now Then
Right now
- They said to us : “You must do this work right now.”
At once
- They told us that we had to do that work at once.
Here
-He said,“ I’ll come here to take this book.”
There
- He said he would come there to take that book
Today That day
Ago Before
Tonight That night
Yesterday3 The day before
Tomorrow The day after/the following day
Next week The week afer/the following week
Last week The week before/ the previous week
So , such very
Personal pronouns Đại từ nhân xưng
I He/she
We They
You I/we
Questions in reported speech
Yes – No question
-“Have you seen that film ?”, he said to me
-They said, “Are you tired, Tom ?”
(2)-Tony said, “Has she finished her homework ?”
-Tony wanted to know if she had finished her homework
WH – questions
-Mary said “What’s he doing now ?” -He said,“ Where did you have lunch ?”
ask, inquire , wonder , want to know + WH - Mary wondered what he was doing then - He asked me where I had lunch
No verb tense changes Không thay đổi động từ trong lời nói gián tiếp
Khi mệnh đề chính ở thời hiện tại đơn (say/says)hoặc hiện tại tiếp diễn(is /are saying), hiện tại hoàn thành (have /has said )hoặc tương lai đơn(will say) Ex: - He says,“I’m tired.”
-“Has the taxi arrived yet?” he is wondering
-The doctor says to her: “You will have to stay here untill tomorrow.”
-He says that he’s tired
-He is wondering if the taxi has arrived yet - The doctor tells her that she will have to stay here until tomorrow
Khi diễn tả chân lý or thói quen ở thời hiện tại
-The teacher said,“ The earth moves round the sun.”
-The teacher said, “The Second World War ended in 1945.”
-The teacher said that the earth moves round the sun
-The teacher told that the Second World War ended in 1945
Khi lời nói trực tiếp có các động từ tình thái như could, would , should,might , ought to , used to , had better
Ex: - He said,“ You shouldn’t contact her.”
- He said(that)I shouldn’t contact her Trong câu điều kiện loại2, 3 và past
subjunctive( trong wish , as if…)
-He said, “If I were you, I wouldn’t come here.”
-Mary said, “I wish I were a boy.” -“He acted as if he had much money”,she said.
-He said if he were me, he would’t come there -Mary said she wished she were a boy
-She said he had acted as if he had much money
Offers, requests, suggestions, commands , advices, invitations etc
- He said to them: “ Don’t be late tomorrow.”
-The teacher said,“ Go to the blackboard, Tom.”
-“ I’ ll look for the car for you tomorrow if you like” he said
-“All right, I’ll help you” he said -“I’ll visit your parents when I arrive there”, he said
-“I’ll sell the TV set if you keep on watching it all day”, said my father
* V + O + to- infinitive: advise , ask , order , invite, persuade , remind , warn , forbid , instruct , tell, encourage …
- He asked them not to be late the next day - The teacher told Tom to go to the
blackboard
*V + to- infinitive : agree, refuse ,demand , hope , offer, promise , threaten …
- He offered to look after the car for me the next day if I liked
-He agreed to help me
-He promised to visit my parents when he arrived there
- My father threatened to sell the TV set if I kept on watching it all day
*Accuse+ O + of
Apologise for V- ing Insist on (khăng khăng)