KDA503/335 Timber, its origin and characteristics KDA503/335 Timber, its origin and characteristics Content Wood s product suite, properties and use www.csaw.utas.edu.au KDA503/335 Timber, its origin and characteristics • The matrix of wood products • The primary product suite Wood s product suite, properties and uses www.csaw.utas.edu.au KDA503/335 Timber, its origin and characteristics Functionality of products The matrix of wood products • A material derives usefulness, value and marketability through the functions it can perform economically • Functions are performed mainly through the sizes, shapes and appearances into which the material can be converted and the physical tasks it can From Marra, 1972, Wood products into the future www.csaw.utas.edu.au Wood s product suite, properties and uses www.csaw.utas.edu.au KDA503/335 Timber, its origin and characteristics KDA503/335 Timber, its origin and characteristics Limits on the function of timber products Material production processes • Timber product functionality is limited by: – The form of the log • Its shape, length and diameter • Its primary wood properties – Size constraints these impose on recovered pieces – The directionality of its key properties – Its structural consistency (or variability) • Wood production is essentially a reductive process • Most material production is transformative Hardwood mill Zinc production facility Wood s product suite, properties and uses www.csaw.utas.edu.au Wood s product suite, properties and uses www.csaw.utas.edu.au 1! KDA503/335 Timber, its origin and characteristics KDA503/335 Timber, its origin and characteristics Primary reduction process Table of resultant primary wood elements Sawing Slicing Decreasing length Decreasing width and/or thickness Peeling • The log is broken down into a hierarchy of elements, governed by value • Solid wood processing can only convert a portion of logs to the most valuable elements • The remainder is channeled into other, less valuable element streams Wood s product suite, properties and uses www.csaw.utas.edu.au KDA503/335 Timber, its origin and characteristics Long grain elements Poles Timber Scantling Short grain elements Chips or flakes Strands Splinters Fiberal Elements Fibre bundles Whole fibers Macerated Fibrils fibers Chemical elements Cellulose Lignin Polvols Veneer Veneer Veneer 2.4mm thick Strips Shavings Sawdust Wood flour Hydrocarbons Carbon Extractives Increasing formability, decreasing strength/weight ratio, reducing dependence on log quality, increasing homogeneity and isotropy From Marra, 1972, Wood products into the future Wood s product suite, properties and uses www.csaw.utas.edu.au KDA503/335 Timber, its origin and characteristics Primary assembly processes • Assembly is by various methods to maintain or modify timber s natural directionality • This uses timber dowels or pegs, glues, nails and dowels, bolts and shear connector, nail plates and gussets in processing facilities and on site Directionally laminated The primary product suite Cross laminated Wood s product suite, properties and uses www.csaw.utas.edu.au www.csaw.utas.edu.au KDA503/335 Timber, its origin and characteristics KDA503/335 Timber, its origin and characteristics Timber rounds - poles Sawn timber & scantling • Natural or shaved round timber used with or without preservative treatment • A valuable market for forest thinnings • Hard or softwood boards cut from logs and usually dried • This is a versatile material used for moulding, frames and exposed structures • Board size is restricted by log size and required cutting patterns • Apparent consumption in 2010-11 ~ 5.3 million m3 Wood s product suite, properties and uses www.csaw.utas.edu.au Wood s product suite, properties and uses www.csaw.utas.edu.au 2! KDA503/335 Timber, its origin and characteristics KDA503/335 Timber, its origin and characteristics Sawn timber Glue laminated timber • Solid section timber glued together into a larger solid element • Increased structural reliability with size limited only by transport capacity Timber, its product suite and characteristics www.csaw.utas.edu.au Wood s product suite, properties and uses KDA503/335 Timber, its origin and characteristics KDA503/335 Timber, its origin and characteristics Curved glue laminated timber Cross laminated timber • Solid section timber glued together into a larger element, curved to almost any shape • The curve achieved depends on the thickness of the laminates • Multiple layers of solid section timber glued together into panels with the grain direction alternating between layers • The panels are custommade and the number and thickness of layers varies with the panel s intended function • Currently, imported into Australia but not produced here Timber, its product suite and characteristics www.csaw.utas.edu.au Wood s product suite, properties and uses KDA503/335 Timber, its origin and characteristics KDA503/335 Timber, its origin and characteristics Veneer Plywood • Thin layers of solid wood sliced from a flitch or peeled from a log and dried • High quality material is used as a decorative finish • Structural grade material is used to make plywood, LVL and similar products • Apparent consumption in 2010-11 ~ 0.32 million m3 Veneer leaf Timber, its product suite and characteristics www.csaw.utas.edu.au www.csaw.utas.edu.au www.csaw.utas.edu.au • Layers of veneer glued together in a sheet with the grain direction alternating between layers • Sheets have high impact and shear strength, performing well as a bracing material, shear skin or lining Timber, its product suite and characteristics www.csaw.utas.edu.au 3! KDA503/335 Timber, its origin and characteristics KDA503/335 Timber, its origin and characteristics Laminated Veneer Lumber (LVL) Laminated strand lumber (LSL) • Layers of veneer glued together in panel with the grain aligned along the board • Can be assembled in continuous lengths in a variety of thicknesses and resawn to the required size Timber, its product suite and characteristics www.csaw.utas.edu.au • Strands of veneer arranged longitudinally and glued together in a large billet and resawn • Available in large sizes and long lengths as imported product Images from www.structuremag.org Timber, its product suite and characteristics KDA503/335 Timber, its origin and characteristics KDA503/335 Timber, its origin and characteristics I-beams Oriented flake and strand boards www.csaw.utas.edu.au flange web • Manufactured elements with solid timber, LVL or LSL flanges and ply or board webs They are lighter & more versatile than solid timber • Fabricated as an engineered solution and available in long lengths Timber, its product suite and characteristics www.csaw.utas.edu.au KDA503/335 Timber, its origin and characteristics • Manufactured panels of long wood flakes or strands aligned into a mat and tied together with glue or other binder • Controlled orientation of strands lengthwise and crosswise in the matt influence the board structural properties • Available as an imported product Images from krumber.com Timber, its product suite and characteristics www.csaw.utas.edu.au KDA503/335 Timber, its origin and characteristics Chip and fiber boards panels The secondary product suite • Manufactured panels of wood particles or fibers held together with glue or other binder • This includes particleboard, fiberboards (hardboard, MDF, etc) and core board • Apparent consumption in 2010-11 ~ million m3 for particleboard and ~ 0.7 million m3 for MDF Timber, its product suite and characteristics www.csaw.utas.edu.au Primary products can be converted into secondary elements and components www.csaw.utas.edu.au 4! KDA503/335 Timber, its origin and characteristics KDA503/335 Timber, its origin and characteristics Nail-laminated or nail plated timber Nail plated trusses • Solid section timber joined with nail or nail plates to make larger sections • Nail plated timber is an engineered solution • Size constrained to large scantling sizes Timber, its product suite and characteristics www.csaw.utas.edu.au • Solid section timber joined with nail plates to make a truss, lighter & more versatile than solid timber • Fabricated as an custom-made engineered solution • Spans to 30m are practical with size limited only by transport capacity Timber, its product suite and characteristics www.csaw.utas.edu.au KDA503/335 Timber, its origin and characteristics KDA503/335 Timber, its origin and characteristics Box and c-section elements Structural insulated panels (SIPS) flange • Fabricated elements with solid timber or LVL flanges and ply or board webs They are lighter & more versatile than solid timber • An engineered solution that can be made to any curve or shape, limited only by the flexibility of the flange • Fabricated panels with sheet external faces and often a timber frame fully adhered to an expanded polystyrene (EPS) core • The panels are custom-made and their thickness and framing varies with the panel s intended function Images from www.thesipkit.com Timber, its product suite and characteristics www.csaw.utas.edu.au Timber, its product suite and characteristics KDA503/335 Timber, its origin and characteristics KDA503/335 Timber, its origin and characteristics Window and doors Summary • Fabricated internal and external joinery components made by specialist joineries • available in standard sizes or made to order Wood s product suite, properties and uses www.csaw.utas.edu.au www.csaw.utas.edu.au • A material derives usefulness, value and marketability through the functions it can perform economically • Timber product functionality is limited by the form of the log, the size constraints on recovered pieces this impose, the directionality of properties, and its consistency • Wood production is primarily reductive, with the full range of products necessary for profitable and sustainable production • There is a wide range of wood product options available for use in buildings – Local and imported timber and solid wood products – Secondary elements and components Wood s product suite, properties and uses www.csaw.utas.edu.au 5! KDA503/335 Timber, its origin and characteristics Wood s product suite, properties and uses www.csaw.utas.edu.au 6! ... Apparent consumption in 2 010- 11 ~ 5.3 million m3 Wood s product suite, properties and uses www.csaw.utas.edu.au Wood s product suite, properties and uses www.csaw.utas.edu.au 2! KDA503/335 Timber, its... The primary product suite Cross laminated Wood s product suite, properties and uses www.csaw.utas.edu.au www.csaw.utas.edu.au KDA503/335 Timber, its origin and characteristics KDA503/335 Timber,... capacity Timber, its product suite and characteristics www.csaw.utas.edu.au Wood s product suite, properties and uses KDA503/335 Timber, its origin and characteristics KDA503/335 Timber, its origin