ensity at 12 percent moisture content as listed in Appendix A or 300 kg/m3, which ever is the greater Heart The growth centre (pith) of the tree and/or timber adjacent to it that exhibits fungal attack, brittle heart and compression failure Hit and miss A series of dressed surfaces with skipped areas between Included bark Strands of bark tissue occurring in concentric arcs Knot cluster Two or more knots grouped together as a unit where the grain of the timber is deflected around the entire unit (not to be confused with a knot group) Knot group Two or more knots grouped together as a unit but the grain of the timber passes between them (not to be confused with a knot cluster) Primary rot Decay originally present in the living tree Shake A partial or complete dislocation, breakage or longitudinal separation of wood fibres due to causes other than drying, and usually originating either in the standing tree or in the log during felling or conversion, which includes the following: Cross shake A fracture not in the direction of the fibres and resembling a breakage of the fibre Heart shake A shake extending from the pith of a tree (not to be confused with a check) Radial shake A shake originating on the circumference of a log and extending inwards along the radius (not to be confused with a check) Ring or water shake A shake following a growth ring It is also referred to as a shell shake or cup shake and the timber may be described as shelly Star shake A number of adjoining heart shakes in the form of a star Notes on structural properties Structural No: Unseasoned Timber S1 F27 F22 F17 F14 F11 S2 F22 F17 F14 F11 F8 S3 F17 F14 F11 F8 F7 S4 F14 F11 F8 F7 F5 S5 F11 F8 F7 F5 F4 S6 F8 F7 F5 F4 - Seasoned Timber SD1 F43 F34 F27 F22 F17 SD2 F34 F27 F22 F17 F14 SD3 F27 F22 F17 F14 F11 SD4 F22 F17 F14 F11 F8 SD5 F17 F14 F11 F8 F7 SD6 F14 F11 F8 F7 F5 SD7 F11 F8 F7 F5 F4 SD8 F8 F7 F5 F4 - Table 1: Strength Group/Stress Grade/Visual Grade Relationship KDA 503 Timber, its origins and characteristics – Block Worksheet SPECIES + AUST STAND STRENGTH GROUP STRESS GRADES (Refer note 2) Unseas Unseas Seas Seas HARDWOODS (See note 1) Unidentified Aust Hardwoods from Vic, Tas & NSW Highlands 2082 S4 SD4 F7 to F14 F11 to F22 Ash, Alpine 2082 S4 SD4 F7 to F14 F11 TO F22 Ash, Mountain 2082 S4 SD3 F7 to F14 F14 TO F27 Ash, Silvertop 2082 S3 SD3 F8 TO F17 F14 TO F27 Box, Brush 2082 S3 SD3 F8 TO F17 F14 TO F27 Box, Grey 2082 S2 SD2 F11 TO F22 F17 TO F34 Gum, Blue, Southern 2082 S3 SD2 F8 TO F17 F17 TO F34 Gum, Grey, Mountain 2082 S3 SD2 F8 TO F17 F17 TO F34 Gum, Manna 2082 S4 SD4 F7 TO F14 F11 TO F22 Gum, Red, River 2082 S5 SD5 F5 TO F11 F8 TO F17 Gum, Shining 2082 S4 SD4 F7 TO F14 F11 TO F22 Gum, Spotted 2082 S2 SD2 F11 TO F22 F17 TO F34 Ironbark, Red 2082 S2 SD3 F11 TO F22 F14 TO F27 Jarrah 2082 S4 SD4 F7 TO F14 F11 TO F22 Messmate 2082 S3 SD3 F8 TO F17 F14 TO F27 Peppermints, Various 2082 S4 SD3 F7 TO F14 F11 TO F22 Stringybark, Brown 2082 S3 SD3 F8 TO F17 F14 TO F27 2858 - SD6 - F5 TO F14 SOFTWOODS Pine, Radiata Table 2: Relationship between Visual Structural Grades, Strength Groups and Stress Grades for Various Species + Refer AS 2082 and AS 2858 for further information on species not listed * Provisional strength groupings - refer AS 2878 NOTES Unseasoned hardwoods are usually marketed as a mixed species, and particular species can only be obtained by special arrangement Supply availability should be determined before design documentation or specification The stress grades given are derived from application of the appropriate grade rules in AS 2082 and AS 2858 This listing does not imply availability of all stress grades References: NAFI Timber Manual: Timber Datafile P1 – Timber Species and Properties KDA 503 Timber, its origins and characteristics – Block Worksheet ... Highlands 2082 S4 SD4 F7 to F 14 F11 to F22 Ash, Alpine 2082 S4 SD4 F7 to F 14 F11 TO F22 Ash, Mountain 2082 S4 SD3 F7 to F 14 F 14 TO F27 Ash, Silvertop 2082 S3 SD3 F8 TO F17 F 14 TO F27 Box, Brush... F17 Gum, Shining 2082 S4 SD4 F7 TO F 14 F11 TO F22 Gum, Spotted 2082 S2 SD2 F11 TO F22 F17 TO F 34 Ironbark, Red 2082 S2 SD3 F11 TO F22 F 14 TO F27 Jarrah 2082 S4 SD4 F7 TO F 14 F11 TO F22 Messmate... F 14 TO F27 Box, Grey 2082 S2 SD2 F11 TO F22 F17 TO F 34 Gum, Blue, Southern 2082 S3 SD2 F8 TO F17 F17 TO F 34 Gum, Grey, Mountain 2082 S3 SD2 F8 TO F17 F17 TO F 34 Gum, Manna 2082 S4 SD4 F7 TO F14