Chương trình đào tạo hành vi an toàn nơi làm việc ở các công ty trong lĩnh vực sản xuất cơ sở đề phòng và giảm thiểu tai nạn

Thai Nguyen University Socialist Republic of Vietnam Southern Luzon State University Republic of Philippines Training program for occupational safety behavior in workplace of production company in Hanoi: Basis for Accident prevention and Reduction A Dissertation Presented To The Faculty of Graduate School SOUTHERN LUZON STATE UNIVERSITY LUCBAN, QUEZON, PHILIPPINES THAI NGUYEN UNIVERSITY S.R VIETNAM IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE DOCTOR IN BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION Pham Thi Ninh August, 2013 Acknowledgments I would like to express our most sincere thanks to the Management Board of the Southern Luzon State University, Thai Nguyen University, the teacher, the teacher of the school has helped me facilitate the learning process throughout I would like to express sincere gratitude and profound Professor Melchor Milo Placino , enthusiastic teacher who have dedicated guidance, encouragement, spend time and exchange orientation for me during this research I would like to express my sincere thanks to the Department of Employment Ministry of Labor - Invalids and Social Affairs, the LILAMA 69-2 company has helped me research material, through a questionnaire survey I sincerely thank the Board of the University of Labor and Social affair (ULSA), colleagues in ULSA, classmates DBA1 facilitated enthusiastic help and share my experience to help complete the thesis Finally, I would like to send the gift to the heart of my family has passed enthusiasm and encouragement to complete my thesis i Table of contents Chapter I: Introduction 1.1 Background of the study………………………………………………………….1 1.2 Statement of the problem……………………………………………………… 1.3 Significance of the study………………………………………………………….6 1.4 Research Method………………………………………………………………….6 1.5 Scope and limitation of the study…………………………………………………7 CHAPTER II: LITERATURE REVIEW 2.1 Theoretical and conceptual framework 2.2 Review of related studies 33 CHAPTER III: RESEARCH METHODOLOGY 3.1 Research design and Location of the study…………………………………… 36 3.2 Description of respondents………………………………………………………38 3.3 Data collection Procedure and data analysis method…………………………….38 3.4 Questionnaire design……………………………………………………………39 CHAPTER IV: PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA 4.1 Profile of Respondents………………………………………………………….45 4.2 Data Analysis …………… ……………………………………………………46 CHAPTER V: CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION, BEHAVIOR BASED SAFETY training program Development 5.1 Findings ………………………………………………………………………53 5.2 Conclusions …………………………………………………………………….54 5.3 Recommendations………………………………………………………………55 REPERENCE …………………………………………………………………… 79 ii APPENDIX A……………………………………………………………………….81 APPENDIX B……………………………………………………………………….83 APPENDIX C …………………………………………………………………… 85 iii Abstract Safety issue in workplace is an urgent problem nowadays, because of unsafe conditions are occurring daily work in the company especially in the manufacturing sector Studies show that about 90% of accidents occur because of unsafe behavior and human errors Even if workers not have the right knowledge, attitude and behavior toward safety measures in a safe workplace, all efforts for an accident-free workplace will be in vain This study aims is to determine the effectiveness of current safety program and recommend to built up safety training program on behavioral safety, the basis for accident reduction in one typical local big company in manufacturing and erection sector This descriptive cross- sectional study was carried out on workers/ managers in LILAMA 69-2 company A sample size of 394 was randomly selected Data collection tool was a researcher –made questionnaire Data was analyzed using Excel With the findings from the study about the causes leading to accident, safety attitude and safety climate, workplace safety behaviors, the researcher believe to help the company management and also other local similar enterprises to improve safety program especially with launching Behavior Based Safety training program and finally to improve accident rate in workplace iv List of tables: Page Table 2.1: The cause of labor accidents………………………………… 34 Table 3.1: Questionnaire for measuring safety climate and behavior along 39 with Benchmarking……………………………………………………… Table 3.2: Safety Behavior Marking…………………………………… 43 Table 4.1: Worker survey……………………………………………… 46 Table 4.2: T-test paired two sample for mean…………………………… 48 Table 4.3: Managers and supervisor survey…………………………… 48 Table 4.4: Worker personal profile……………………………………… 49 Table 4.5: Types of Accident …………………………………………… 50 Table 4.6: The cause lead to accident from LILAMA statistic……… 51 Table 4.7: Summary result of area: D, PATS, SATS, SATW………… 51 Table 4.8: Summary result of area: D, PATS, SATS, HSE…………… 53 Table 5.1: The example of critical behaviors ………………………… 66 Table 5.2: The example of BSV check list and analysis……………… 67 Table 5.3: How to BBS observation………………………………… 68 Exhibit 1-1: Conceptual framework of the Study……………………… Exhibit 2-1: Basis OB model…………………………………………… 10 Exhibit 2-2: Attribution theory………………………………………… 13 Exhibit 2-3: Maslow’s hierarchy of need……………………………… 17 v List of figures Page Figure 1.1: Rate accident and Time…………………………………… Figure 4.1: Graph on responded result……………………………… 47 Figure 4.2: Safety Attitude within Department – First question (worker 48 response) Figure 4.3: Safety Attitude within Department – Second question 48 (worker response) Figure 4.4: Graph- comparison the responded results from managers 50 and supervisor vs workers Figure 5.1: Describes the BBS processes…………………………… 63 vi vii Chapter INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background: Safety behavior presents a paradox to practitioners and researchers alike because contrary to the assumption that self- preservation overrides other motives (Maslow, 1970), careless behavior prevails during many routine jobs, making safe behavior an ongoing managerial challenge Studies in Industrial countries showed that about 90% of accidents occur because of unsafe behavior and human errors and only 10% of those belong to unsuitable workplace and equipment (FGhofranipour, Iranian J Publ Health, Vol 38, No 2,2009,pp125) Even if workers not have the right knowledge, attitude and behavior toward safety measures in a safe workplace, all efforts for an accident-free workplace will be in vain Clearly, therefore, safe behavior in routine work poses managerial challenges Figure 1.1 From the graph, we can see that the causes lead to the accident has been changed follows the time, from high rate on engineering approach to system it’s self and now a day human factor is the most contribution to accident causes Changing the behavior of employee is challenge of manager In case of Vietnam, occupational accident is a very important issue in industries, especially in recent years the number of occupational accidents occurring more and more as Industry is growing Also, according to the report of the MOLISA (Ministry of labor, invalid and social affair), the material damage caused by occupational accidents occurring in the first months of 2011 (expenses relating to medicine, funeral, compensations for families of deaths and injury, ) was 143.331.800.000 vnd (2.62 times increase over the same period in 2010), damage to property was 17.609.900.000 vnd (7.89 times increase over the same period in 2010) Also, according this report the causes of workplace accidents due to no training in occupational safety for employees (7.8%), equipment is not safe (3.15%), not equipped with personal protective equipment for workers (1.39%), no procedures, safety measures (3.49%) Thus more then 80% of accidents occur which are attributable to human factors That is the attitude, knowledge, behavior of workers for safe work With the purpose of this study, the author considers to have the research on one typical local big company on the field of production and erection in Hanoi area The result of the study and recommendations could apply to others on the same field and area Table 5.3: How to BBS observation (BSV) HOW TO MAKE A BSV (BBSO) I DEFINE THE BSV AND PURPOSE: Define the BSV: • BSV: Behavioral Safety Visit; (BBSO: Behavioral Based Safety Observation) • Management visit to observe operator / technician performing his job then discuss and agreement with the worker Purpose: • Find the unsafe actions / condition, at risk; base on them and give preventive, corrective actions to develop safe behaviors and reduce injuries II OBSERVER AND OFSERVEE: Observer: • Direct supervisor, Manager… (Safety officer can help) The supervisor knows the operators, the tasks they perform, the work instruction, understand procedure of work The manager is the person who can make immediate decisions, reinforces the approach through his engagement Observee: • Worker, operator, technician perform his job III THE BEHAVIORAL SAFETY VISIT PROCESS: Prepare the scope Observe Follow-up on action Plan Listen and dialog Obtain commitment Prepare action plan Prepare the scope: • Who you intend to visit: worker, operator, technician • You list what you want to see: Workstation, equipment, PPE, his acts… • You make sure you know the procedure of the work place • You set the duration (between 15-20 minutes) for observing • You make an appointment 73 Observe: (We use BSV Checklist for record during visit) Six areas of observation: • Operator’s reactions • Operator’s actions and positions • Rules and procedures • Protective equipment • Tools and equipment • Workstation order and cleanliness While you observe, always ask yourself two questions: What could happen if … (the unexpected occurs)? How could we it in a safer manner? Listen and dialog: • Approach the employee and discuss with him; say what you have seen • Mention everything that is positive and the good practices you have observed • Discuss with operator, use open questions: How could we this safer? What are the risks in doing so? How can we avoid … ? Obtain commitment: • Do not adopt an attitude of confrontation • Avoid people gathering around • Don't stray from the subject • Don't let the person change the subject • Get the observee to support the modifications to be made! Or even better: get him to suggest them! You must work together like members of the same team with the common objective of improving safety Closing BSV: • Thank the employee for his time and the discussion of ideas • Ensure him that actions taken will be followed through Prepare action plan: • Discuss with site Manager if can • Complete the BSV Checklist and use BSV analysis form to make actions • Send the BSV checklist, analysis form to site Manager and copy to Safety officer Follow-up on actions plan: • Actions plan is endorsed by management and the people responsible for actions • Actions plan is regularly updated; Percentage of completion is tracked 74 The program for workers and technicians: Module 4: Introduction of BBS As the arm is to make workers and technicians understand the concept of BBS, that why this module is to be the same with Module for managers and supervisors Module 5: How to implement BBS in the company This session will point out the processes of BBS in the company and provide some techniques and tools for both managers/ supervisors and workers to co-operate during implementation This module is the same with module for managers/ supervisor but could be designed with lesser scientific information Module 6: Safe and unsafe findings practice The arm of this module is to make workers and technicians to be familiar with systematic thinking about the risk on the work The materials will be pictures or short videos of actual situations at workplace and participants need to points out what is unsafe, what is safe and what is at risk on that situation Final statement: Safety is the result of something that you do, therefore the establishment of a safety culture is the key to safe operations of a company Every member of the team plays a vital role in delivering a safe product 75 REPERENCE Stephen p Robbins, (1998) Organizational Behavior, A Simon and Schuster Company, Edit Cooper, M.D., (1998) Improving Safety Culture: A practical Guide J Wiley and Sons, Chichester Cooper, M.D and Phillips, R.A., (2004) Exploratory Analysis of the Safety Climate and Safety Behavior Relationship Journal of Safety Research,35,497-512 Frazil, Z.U KIRMANI , M.HANIF, A.SAEED, (2009) “Human behavioral corollary on industrial workplace “ , The Nucleus,46(3) : Inpress H Sanaei Nasab, F Ghfranipour (2009) “Evaluation of Knowledge, Attitude and Behavior of Workers towards Occupational Health and Safety” , Iranian J Publ Heath, Vol,38, No.2, 2009, pp, 125-129 M Buckingham and C Coffman First, break all the rules – Simon and Schuster business books Rung – Aaron Jitprasert Workplace attitude and factors behind job satisfaction – a case study of circuit electronic industries public company limited Schermehorn, J., Hunt, J., Osborn, R Organizational Behavior (1997), New York: John Wiley and Son’s Inc Duncan, Jack Organizational Behavior (1978), Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company Cooper, M.D Evidence from Safety Culture Risk Perception is Culturally Determined (1997), The International Journal of Project and Business Risk Management, Vol 1(2) 76 QUESTIONNAIRE Appendix A Questionnaire Dear respondents, I am a student at the DBA1 class of Thai Nguyen University The purpose of this survey is to study the safety behavior of workers and commitment of management in LILAMA 69-2 company This research is also being conducted in partial fulfillment of the requirement for my degree of Doctor at the Southern Luzon Philippines I would be very grateful if you could express your cooperation by taking a few minutes to fill this questionnaire Your feedback is very important and your answers will be kept in strict confidential Thank you for your assistance Please tick the appropriate number, for some questions, you can tick as many numbers as necessary Biographical information A Gender Male Female B Age Under 30 50-60 30-40 > 60 40-50 C Education Vocational school Secondary school University Master’s or Doctoral degree Others D Your position in your company is: Chairman/ general director/ chief manager Worker Supervisor E Number of years with LILAMA 69-2: 0-5 5-10 >10 77 St.# Question Has anyone Response from your Yes No Occasional Year Never No Occasional department talked to you about your safety? How often does your Month department talk about your safety? Once in a Did anyone department from talk your Yes about workplace safety? Are you satisfied with your Yes No working conditions? Do you enjoy your work? Yes No Your work-load is Too much Manageable When you make mistake Production In what is your immediate fear Anger Is workplace loss safety My charge’s Workplace important or your life? safety When you see a fellow Ignore Stop him workers doing unsafe work Job security Don’t know Inform Supervisor what will you do? 10 If you become In charge of Improve Happy with your section what steps you existing existing 78 will take to improve safety system system of your section? 11 Do you wear Personal Yes No protective equipment’s to avoid punishment? 12 Do you feel easy to work Yes No without Personal protective equipment’s? 13 Does your peer worker ask Yes you to wear No Personal Protective equipment’ s? 14 Do you think that you work Yes more efficiently Personal No without protective equipment’s? 15 After noticing something unusual that Inform Take action Take advice from was supervisor yourself co worker happening in process which you have not experienced earlier, what did you next? 16 If your supervisor asks you Refuse Agree to a job for which you work to are not properly trained 79 what will you do? 17 Whose responsibility is the Mine Supervisor Top Mangt is Mine Supervisor Top Mangt is Mine Supervisor Top Mangt Area Safety? 18 Whose responsibility Factory Safety? 19 Whose responsibility Personal Safety? 20 Do you intend to finish the Yes No job early at any cost to make your Incharge happy? 21 Do you intend to finish the Yes No job early at any cost in overall interest of company? 22 Before starting a job you Yes think about its No safety aspects? 23 When your supervisor To finish the job to meet production target, or wants to a job which you To finish the job for benefit of company, or think is unsafe, what will To delay the job due to unsafe condition you do? 24 Do you like Personal to wear Yes No protective equipment’s? 25 You have not personally Refuse Start work Consult 80 done a job; however you Supervisor have assisted or seen that job being done by your peer worker In case your peer worker is absent what will you do? 26 How does your Incharge Quiet react when you Bullying Helping Humiliated Indifferent cannot finish job in time? 27 When you make mistakes Embarrassed you feel 28 Have you got any training Yes No related to your work? 29 Do you think that you need Yes No work related training? 30 How does HSE department Advice Counseling Monitoring behave in case of incident? 31 Do you think that HSE Yes No department is friendly? 32 What in your opinion is the Authoritative Friendly role of HSE ? 81 Appendix B: Table of T-test t-Test: Paired Two Sample for Means D Mean Variance Observations Hypothesized Mean Difference Df t Stat P(T