博士留学生学位论文 并网逆变器并联运行方法研究 作 者 姓 名 H OANG T H I T HU G IA NG 学 科 专 业 模式识别与智能系统 指 导 教 师 田联房 教授 王孝洪 副教授 所 在 学 院 论文提交日期 自动化科学与工程学院 2015 年 月 日 A study on the methods of operation of the connected parallel inverters network A Dissertation Submitted for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy Candidate:Hoang Thi Thu Giang Supervisor:Prof Tian Lian fang South China University of Technology Guangzhou, China 分类号:TM46 学校代号:10561 学 号 :201212800024 华南理工大学博士学位论文 并网逆变器并联运行方法研究 作者姓名:HOANG THI THU GIANG 申请学位级别: 博士 指导教师姓名、职称: 田联房 教授 学科专业名称: 模式识别与智能系统 研究方向:电力电子控制技术与应用 论文提交日期:2015 年 月 学位授予单位:华南理工大学 日 论文答辩日期:2015 年 月 日 学位授予日期: 答辩委员会成员:张军、毛宗源、皮佑国、罗飞、田联房 主席: 委员: 年 月 日 华南理工大学 学位论文原创性声明 本人郑重声明:所呈交的论文是本人在导师的指导下独立进行研究所 取得的研究成果。除了文中特别加以标注引用的内容外,本论文不包含任 何其他个人或集体已经发表或撰写的成果作品。对本文的研究做出重要贡 献的个人和集体,均已在文中以明确方式标明。本人完全意识到本声明的 法律后果由本人承担。 作者签名: 日期: 年 月 日 学位论文版权使用授权书 本学位论文作者完全了解学校有关保留、使用学位论文的规定,即:研究生在校攻读学 位期间论文工作的知识产权单位属华南理工大学。学校有权保存并向国家有关部门或机构送交 论文的复印件和电子版,允许学位论文被查阅(除在保密期内的保密论文外);学校可以公布 学位论文的全部或部分内容,可以允许采用影印、缩印或其它复制手段保存、汇编学位论文。 本人电子文档的内容和纸质论文的内容相一致。 本学位论文属于: □保密,在 年解密后适用本授权书。 □不保密,同意在校园网上发布,供校内师生和与学校有共享协议的 单位浏览;同意将本人学位论文提交中国学术期刊(光盘版)电子杂志社 全文出版和编入 CNKI《中国知识资源总库》,传播学位论文的全部或部分 内容。 (请在以上相应方框内打―√‖) 作者签名: 指导教师签名: 作者联系电话: 联系地址(含邮编): 日期: 年 日期: 年 电子邮箱: 月 月 日 日 摘 要 将三相逆变器并联运行,可大大提高系统的灵活性,使电源系统的体积缩小、重量 减轻,还也可大大减少开关器件的电流应力,从而提高系统的可靠性、降低成本和提高 功率密度。由于可实现冗余供电,逆变电源的并联技术可以实现 N+1 (N=1,2,3….) 冗 余并联运行方式,当系统中任一个模块由于故障而失效时,其余的 N 个模块仍然可以 继续提供 100%负载功率,可以以较小的功率冗余为代价获得容错冗余功率,大大提高 了系统的可靠性。并联冗余控制是实现高可靠性、大功率电源系统的优选方案。因此, 逆变电源并联技术在航空航天、大型计算机供电系统、通讯电源系统和银行电源系统等 对电源可靠性要求较高的领域具有广泛的应用前景。逆变电源的并联控制技术是近年来 电源领域研究的一个热点课题,具有实际应用意义。 控制并联逆变器系统通常使用传统 PID 控制器来控制电流电压。传统的 PID 控制 器设计成熟,控制效果良好,但也存在参数设计不精确,对系统参数变化敏感,其动态 性能和谐波因数往往难以达到要求等不足。分数阶 PID控制器具有对被控对象的参数 变化具有较强的鲁棒性,其控制效果优于传统的 PID 控制器,且实现难度与传统 PID 相近等优点。本文将分数阶 PID 控制器替代传统 PID 控制器,研究控制器的设计方 法,并对设计的控制器在相关系统中进行并得到应用和验证。 论文主要研究内容包括以下几点: 1) 分析了课题研究背景和意义,介绍了逆变器及其并联技术技术的发展应用研究 现状。 2) 分析了三相逆变器的拓扑结构、数学模型和控制方法,在此基础上进一步分析 了逆变器并联系统的模型,逆变器并联运行的机理,介绍了各种并联控制方式。 3)分析和研究了 PWM 逆变器直接电流控制方法、双闭环矢量控制原理、PWM 逆 变器的空间矢量算法;引入电流前馈控制方法,设计了 PWM 逆变器的并联系统,并进 行了系统的建模与仿真分析。 4)分析了并联逆变器系统的环流产生机理、环流抑制技术、均流控制技术以及对 输出电压的影响,介绍了常用的几种均流控制方法,在此基础上提出了最大电流自动均 流法,并进行了仿真验证。 5)介绍了分数阶基本理论,包括分数阶微积分定义、分数阶微积分性质、分数阶 微积分的积分变换,分析了分数阶系统典型环节的特性。 I 6)研究了分数阶 PID 控制器,介绍了分数阶控制器的离散化实现方法,在此基 础上研究了三相 PWM 逆变器分数阶控制系统,设计了 FO-PID 控制器,研究了其参数 整定方法,并分析了各环节特性及其对控制性能的影响。仿真结果分析证明了基于 FO-PID 的直接电流控制能够实现预定的控制效果,网侧电流接近正弦,功率因数单位 化, 而且 FO-PID 控制器对系统参数变化不敏感, 直流侧电压能够快速稳定在给定值, 控制精确,具有更强的鲁棒性。 7)设计了 PWM 逆变器并联系统的硬件平台和软件算法,并进行了相关实验。实 验结果证明,本文设计的系统,系统运行稳定,在谐波因数、功率因数等方面可满足并 联并网系统的要求,同时可以实现冗余运行,提高了系统的安全性和可靠性。 关键词:三相并网逆变器;并联运行;环流;均流;直接电流;最大电流;分数阶 PID II ABSTRACT A study on the methods of operation of the connected parallel inverters network is significant in control not only for our country but also for China and other countries in the world Three phase inverters have become the main power supply systems, such as office automation, hospital, bank, play an important role in the field of communications, defense Parallel inverter technology is a potential market and has great potential, can be studied extensively and has many specialized applications Some recent years, one phase parallel inverter became mature, and 3-phase connected parallel inverter is gradually becoming a new research focus of the scientific research Three phase inverters in parallel can provide electricity with high capacity as well as backup power, which is an important research direction, is increasingly being recognized in the inverter control technology Using parallel inverter enhance the flexibility of the system, reduce the volume, the size of the system, increasing the quality of the switching process, improve reliability, increase power density and reduce the cost of production systems system Moreover, using inverters connected in parallel may perform redundant power supply, improve the reliability of the system work Parallel inverter technology allows pairing parallel N + modules, so during operation if one module fails, the remaining N modules will generate sufficient load capacity of 100%, so the cost will be much cheaper than the equipped with redundant power supply separately, but the reliability of the system is improved.Parallel inverter control Technology is now the first choice for control systems require high performance and high reliability Therefore, parallel inverter technology is now widely applied in many fields such as core: aviation, power supply for computer, communication systems, power supply systems for banks , the system resources required to provide quality and high reliability Parallel inverter technology is a hot spot for the supply of energy in recent years, this study is a significant high practical application Parallel inverter control system traditionally use PID controller (proportional, integral, derivative) to control the voltage, the traditional PID controller has reached maturity, the resulting control good, but the design parameter is not really optimal, very sensitive to the variation of other parameters in the system, performance and features of the system is III difficult to achieve an optimal level, so that the amount of highly customizable This thesis introduce method using fractional PID controller to replace the traditional PID controller design parameters for the controller fractional PID The controller segment brought dramatic changes in the past controls, achieve better control that traditional PID controller is not reached Study on the methods of operation of the connected parallel inverters network has been done in following steps: 1) The first, thesis analyzes the meaning and context of the study subjects, a general introduction to the current state of development and application of inverter technology, the current state of technological development driver pairing in parallel inverter China and other countries around the world 2) Analysis of the pattern and texture of the 3-phase inverter, inverter control method of three-phase inverter models in parallel, working principle analysis of parallel inverter, introduces the control method common parallel inverter 3) Analysis and method research to directly control current (DCC) PWM inverter, control principle two close loop analysis method of space vector PWM inverter, analytical methods feedback current control and analysis methods to directly current control to the parallel inverter Using matlab / simulink to setup and simulate system, simulation results analysis 4) Analysis of balanced current system paired parallel inverter, current limiting method when paired parallel inverter, affecting the output voltage of the inverter parallel coupling Engineering controls stratospheric parallel inverter, then analyzes some of the stratospheric control method used in parallel inverter system analysis and control methods are applied in this thesis is the method automatically current maximum average Performance is simulated by Matlab / Simulink and analyze simulation results 5)Referring to the issues in the fractional control, the definition fractional, the nature of the area fraction, analysis changing methods in fractional control, analyze the characteristics of the stages typical volume fraction 6) Research fractional PID controller, introduce some approximate analytical methods of fractional controller, then design the fractional controller for 3-phase inverter IV system, designed adapters FO-PID controller and its features, analysis and setting the parameters of the system, through the FO-PID control voltage is stable at a certain value, the voltage is kept constant even even when the load changes, the grid fluctuations or other parameters of the system change Ensuring the performance of three-phase inverter and the majority of the damage reduction Simulation results and experiments have demonstrated that the use of FO-PID control method with direct current control to achieve the results desired control, the grid current is very close to sinusoidal, power factor is high, moreover FO-PID controller is not sensitive to changes in the parameters of the system, the DC voltage stability quickly at a certain value, and the sharp correction and more accurate 7) Finally, thesis designs main power circuit and locked loop system design experiments paired parallel inverter (including hardware and software applications), through the table experiments , analysis of experimental results and draw conclusions: experimental results have proved the thesis system design reasonable structure, precise control, efficient, results-driven requirements, meet the requirements of the grid, the efficiency of the system is improved, and has the effect of inhibiting the appearance of harmonics, grid quality is not affected, reducing heating systems, safety is enhanced, reduced maintenance workload, valuable practical application high structure was renovated parallel system, creating favorable conditions for real life production, reduce waste and conserve natural resources Keywords: PWM rectifiers; inverters in parallel ; Direct Current Control, balanced current; Fractional- order PID Controller V 目 摘 录 要 I 第一章 绪 论 1.1 课题研究背景和意义 1.1.1 课题研究的背景 1.1.2 课题研究的意义 1.2.逆变技术的发展和应用 1.2.1 逆变技术的发展 1.2.2 逆变技术的应用 1.3 中国和其他国家并联逆变技术的现状与发展 1.4 本文主要研究内容和工作 第二章 逆变器并联系统模型与工作原理 11 2.1 引言 11 2.2 三相逆变器的模型分析 11 2.2.1 三相逆变器 PWM 拓扑结构 12 2.2.2 三相 PWM 逆变器的控制方法 17 2.3 并网逆变器并联系统的模型分析 18 2.3.1 逆变器并联拓扑 18 2.3.2.逆变器并联运行的原理与分析 19 2.4 各种并联控制方式 21 2.4.1 外特性下垂并联控制法 21 2.4.2.主从并联控制法 23 2.4.3 最大电流并联控制法 25 2.5 小结 26 第三章 并网 PWM 逆变器直接电流控制方法 27 3.1 引言 27 3.2 双闭环矢量控制原理与分析 27 VI 华南理工大学博士学位论文 1)继续研究并联控制方法对逆变器并联系统运行性能的影响,提高多模块逆变器 并联系统的整体性能。 2)论文研究基础为输出三相平衡的逆变器,由于在某些场合三相逆变器需要带不平 衡负载,因此有必要针对三相逆变器带不平衡负载并联的情况进行进一步的分析和研 究。 3)论文中所研究的三相逆变器功率等级均相等,最终目标是实现负载功率的均分, 但是在很多场合,往往需要不同功率等级的逆变器并联运行,因此在已有的基础上,进 而研究根据逆变器功率等级进行负载分配,是具有重要意义的。 4)对逆变器单元进行功率部分和控制部分的系统集成的研究,从而进一步提高并 联系统的可靠性、冗余性及可扩展性非常有必要。 134 参考文献 参考文献 [1] 周志敏,周纪海,纪爱华.逆变电源实用技术[M] 北京:中国电力出版社,2005: 189-208 [2] Mikel Borrega, Luis Marroyo, Roberto Gonzalez et al Modeling and Control of a 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Lian Fang Tian Three-Phase Parallel Pulses Width Hong Wang, Lian Fang International Conference on Systems and 978-1-4799-5457-5 一、五、 ©2014 IEEE(100-104) 六,七 IEEE Informatics(ICSAI Modulation (PWM) Rectifier Thi Thu Giang Hoang, Xiao 2014 2nd 2014) 2014 2nd A Control System International Using Parallel Pulse Conference on Width Modulation Inverter Systems and 一、三、 录用 EI 七 Informatics(ICSAI 2014) Tian, Ren Feng Zheng, Wei Chang ChenThi Hoang Thu Giang, Wang Xiao Hong and Tian Lian Fang The Study of Using the Fractional Canadian Journ al of Electrical a Controller for the System of two PWM nd Computer E ngineering rectifiers in Parallel 145 三、五, 复审 IEEE 六 华南理工大学博士学位论文 2015 IEEE 5th International Hoang Thi Thu Giang, Application of direct Wang Xiao current control (DCC) Conference on Electronics Hong, Tian Lian Fang, in control parallel Zhou Xiao PWM rectifiers Information and 978-1-4799-7284-5 Emergency /15/$31.00©2015 三、六, IEEE Communication Zhuang (ICEIEC 2015) IEEE (417-4211) IEEE Hong Kong Section CIS Chapter 中国 1000-8772(2015) Hoang Thi 逆变器并联的直接电 Thu Giang 流控制方法研究 中外企业家 14-0218-03 三、六 (218-220) 郑仁峰,黄氏 分数阶 PID 控制器在 秋江,王孝洪, 三相 PWM 整流器中的 田联房 学术 期刊 电力系统及其自 动化学报 投稿 四、六 EI 复审 三、七 SCI 应用 The design of Wang Xiao software Hong, Hoang phase-locked loop for Thi Thu PWM converters Giang, Tian based on fractional Lian Fang, integrated controller Journal of Power Electronics 146 攻读博士学位期间取得的研究成果 Application Wang Xiao of Factional – order PI Hong, Hoang Thi Thu Giang, Tian Controller to Control three phase 五、六、 哈尔滨学报(英语 版) 复审 PWM Lian Fang, Rectifier 注:在―发表的卷期、年月、页码‖栏: 如果论文已发表,请填写发表的卷期、年月、页码; 如果论文已被接受,填写将要发表的卷期、年月; 以上都不是,请据实填写―已投稿‖,―拟投稿‖。 不够请另加页。 二、与学位内容相关的其它成果(包括专利、著作、获奖项目等) 参与项目: 项目名称: 广东省重大科技专项 承担单位: 项目时间: 项目名称: 147 IE 七 华南理工大学博士学位论文 致 谢 在华南理工大学攻读博士学位是我受益匪浅的一段时光。在这些日子里,我作为一名留学生, 得到了导师田联房教授的悉心指导,也得到了其他老师、师兄师弟们与广大中国朋友的热心帮助, 在此对他们表示衷心的感谢。 感谢导师田联房教授!田老师严谨细致的治学态度,渊博的学术知识,丰富的理论与实践经验, 都使学生终生难忘;在生活与工作上,导师也给予了我很大的帮助与支持,使我能较好地融入中国 文化,感受中国文化的魅力。 感谢王孝洪副教授!王老师对本文的选题、实验安排进行了耐心指导,王老师不仅在科研上给 予了莫大的支持,对我的生活也十分关心,让学生感激不尽。 感谢皮佑国研究员!皮老师丰富的理论知识与平易近人的作风使我钦佩,皮老师对本文给予了 很多建设性的修改意见,感谢皮老师的指点与关心。 感谢莫鸿强老师、王剑老师、李彬老师、杜启亮老师、陈英杰老师,感谢他们在科研项目中的 指导与帮助。 感谢实验室的在读博士生官权学、赵鹏,感谢孙亮、吴兴宇、徐楚彦、周奕鑫、陈伟昌、郑仁 峰、胡锦炉、陈迪、杨一、邢天宇、周小壮、苏威霖、钟松锦、刘守松等师弟,感谢他们在科研项 目中的给予的支持与帮助。 感谢我的父母、爱人、姐姐和可爱的女儿,感谢他们在我的求学生涯中始终给予的支持与鼓励, 衷心希望他们永远健康快乐。 感谢国际教育学院对我的帮助与支持,感谢给予我帮助与支持的广大中国朋友! HOANG THI THU GIANG 2015 年 月于广州 148 ... simulation results 5)Referring to the issues in the fractional control, the definition fractional, the nature of the area fraction, analysis changing methods in fractional control, analyze the characteristics... dramatic changes in the past controls, achieve better control that traditional PID controller is not reached Study on the methods of operation of the connected parallel inverters network has.. .A study on the methods of operation of the connected parallel inverters network A Dissertation Submitted for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy Candidate:Hoang Thi Thu Giang Supervisor:Prof