Environmental engineering kỹ thuật môi trường

THUYLOI UNIVERSITY Faculty of Chemistry-Environment – Dept of Environmental Engineering ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING Pham Nguyet Anh Email: anhpn@tlu.edu.vn CVEG 4098 – Environmental Engineering Lecture #1: Introduction, Units and Unit conversion and Chemical processes - Thermodynamics Environmental engineering Class introduction  Class: Tuesday afternoon  Textbook: Required: Mihelcic JR and Zimmerman JB Environmental Engineering: Fundamentals, Sustainability, Design 2010, John Wiley & Sons, ISBN 978-0-470-16505-8  Course Description: • CVEG 4098 is intended as an entry-level undergraduate course providing a scientific and engineering basis for understanding environmental issues and problems • Upon completion, students should master the fundamental knowledge in chemical, physic al and biological aspects of environmental processes, and be able to relate engineering problems to these topics • Water and wastewater treatment, air pollution control and solid waste disposal are introdu ced • The course also takes an experimental approach with students developing skills to collect and evaluate laboratory data Simple quantitative engineering models are developed, and qualitative descriptions of environmental engineering control technologies are presented Co-requisite: Lab component • Prerequisites: Differential Equations, Environmental Microbiology and Chemistry Environmental engineering About the course  Course Participation and Activities • Students are expected to attend all classes • Students are encouraged to ask questions during class • Students are required to participate fully in planned activities and discussions • Unavoidable absences should be discussed with the instructor in ADVANCE  Late policy • No make-up quizzes will be given A grade of zero will be assigned for a missed quiz • Lab reports are due by pm on the assigned day (usually one week following the lab) Lab report may be submitted up to week late with a 25% penalty Environmental engineering Homework and Quizzes  Homework: • Regular homework assignments are integral to learning Homework will be assigned throughout the semester and will be submitted right at the day of next lecture • Only four assignments will be chosen and graded Homework solutions will be provided prior to all exams and quizzes • Homework reports may be submitted up to week late with a 25% penalty  Quizzes: • In lieu of a homework grade, regular quizzes will be given in lectures • Quizzes will be closed-book/ notes and consist of one or two problems (either short answer questions or quantitative problems) from the previous weeks’ lecture and homework assignment • Calculators used during quizzes must be non-programmable and suitable for use on the Fundamentals of Engineering (FE) exam • About quizzes will be given throughout the semester • No make-up quizzes • The lowest grade will be dropped for each student • The remaining quizzes will be equally weighted toward the final quiz grade Environmental engineering Exams and activities  Exams: • Two in-class exams (during lecture time) each covering approximately 1/3 of the course • A final examination will be comprehensive for the entire course • One one A4 format (front and back) “cheat sheet” in each mid-term exam is acceptable “Cheat sheet” in the final exam will be prepared by the Instructors and offer to all students Calculators used during exams must be non-programmable and suitable for use on the Fundamentals of Engineering (FE) exam • No sharing (notes, calculators, materials or anything ) in the exams • No portable electronic device (i.e cell phone, iPhone, etc.) during all exams, • An FE-approved calculator is strictly prohibited • Graded exams will be discussed in class but not returned to students Students will be allowed to review their graded exams during office hour and may schedule an appointment to discuss the exam • Missing an exam for any reason will receive a ZERO grade NO MAKEUP EXAMS ARE GIVEN  Laboratory Activities: Two experiments and one day field trip  Course Grade Distribution: • • • • Group Laboratory Reports (2 reports), field trip report and Homeworks Quizzes (7) In Class Exams (2 equally weighted) Final Exam (comprehensive) 15% 15% 40% 30% Environmental engineering Grading  Grading: • All quizzes, laboratories, and exams will be weighted as per the Course Grade Distribution and summed and rounded to the nearest whole number • Letter Grades will be assigned based on the total grade of each student However, a letter grad e is superseded and an F assigned in the event of any one of the following: (1) the student receives less than 40% on any two exams, (2) the student receives a zero grade on any one exam, (3) the student is determined to have cheated on any quiz or exam  Issues with Grading: • Marker: the instructor or the TA to aim to be fair and impartial • Any disputation: should be provided as a written explanation within ONE week of the return o f the work to the student This explanation must be attached to the original assignment and re-submitted to the instructor for evaluation Disputes regarding grades that not conform to this requirement or are submitted later than week after the return of the assignment will not b e considered Environmental engineering Introduction  What is Environmental Engineering? • The application of science and engineering principles • We cannot possibly eliminate human effects on the environment, but can minimize A field in which one applies the basic fundamentals of mathematics, physics, chemistry and biology t o the protection of human health and the environment There once was a time when: • When did we first construct drinking water sources, treatment and distribution systems? • Wastewater collection, treatment and discharge systems? Environmental engineering Introduction  Environmental Engineering: Interdisciplinary Environmental engineering Introduction  Situation 1: Water environment Problem: You need to treat wastewater from a new suburban housing development Conventional WWT process Yield coefficient: • Relating growth and substrate utilization • Apply to model substrate concentration: = =- ( )= - (µmax - k d) X Biokinetic coefficient: ã The terms àmax, Ks, Y and kd are commonly referred to as biotic coefficient • In municipal wastewater treatment: biotic values (see table 5.3 in the textbook) Batch growth • Putting it all together: = (µmax = - (µmax - kd)(1 - )X - kd)(1 - ) X Phases of population growth: Growth models and human population • Human population growth over time Average growth rate coefficient 0.012 year-1 (1.2%/year or 12 births/1000 pe ople/year) Growth models and human population • Malthus’s Prediction of population and resource trend (18th century) Growth models and human population • IPAT equation: describe the population growth and resource trend: I=PxAxT Where: I is environmental impact, P is population A is affluence T is technology ⇨ To reduce I: Reduce P or reduce (A x T) • Ecosystem resource: ecological footprint (See box 5.2) 5.3 Energy Flow in Ecosystem • Energy capture and use: Photosynthesis and respiration Photosynthesis: CO2 + H2O + Δ → C(H2O) +O2 Respiration: C(H2O) +O2 → CO2 + H2O + Δ In redox reaction: C(H2O) +O2 → CO2 + 4H+ + 4eO2 + 4e- + 4H+ → H2O * Aerobic respiration, anaerobic res piration, ecological redox sequence , methanogenesis: See in P 184 – 86/ text book 5.4 Oxygen Demand: B-, C-, Th Definition and notation of oxygen demand  Source of BOD and ThOD: see in the textbook P 191 - 193 Kinetics of BOD Biochemical oxidation of organic matter as a function of time Yt is the CBOD exerted Lt is the CBOD remaining at any tim et - At t = 0: yt=0= 0, Lt=0= Lo - As oxidation process begins: CB OD is exerted, yt ↑, Lt ↓: = -kL x L Lt = Lo e-kt Y = L – L = L (1 - e-kt) t t ⇨ L0 = yt / (1 - e-kt) kL is the CBOD reaction rate coeffici ent CBOD rate coefficient Variation in Rate at which organic matter is stabilized, reflected kL kL = 6.01 x BOD: Measurement, application and li mitations and BOD Test: by students (P 197 – 201/textbook) 5.5 Material Flows in ecosystem Oxygen cycles Carbon cycles 5.5 Material Flows in ecosystem Nitrogen cycles 5.5 Material Flows in ecosystem Phosphorus cycles Sulfur cycles 5.6 Ecosystem Health and the public welfare Main contents:  Toxic substances and ecosystem and human health  Biodiversity and ecosystem health: threats to biodiversity and seeing value in biodiversity For more details: See in textbook P204 to P210 – By student s Homework: 5.12, 5.13, 5.14, 5.17 ... of Environmental Engineering ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING Pham Nguyet Anh Email: anhpn@tlu.edu.vn CVEG 4098 – Environmental Engineering Lecture #2 Chemical processes – Equilibrium and Kinetic I Environmental. .. collection, treatment and discharge systems? Environmental engineering Introduction  Environmental Engineering: Interdisciplinary Environmental engineering Introduction  Situation 1: Water... of the assignment will not b e considered Environmental engineering Introduction  What is Environmental Engineering? • The application of science and engineering principles • We cannot possibly