English for students of geography

A-D5/00151 - — Ị - l'IENCE A N D TECHNICS PUBLISHING HOUSE VIETNAM NATIONAL UNIVERSITY HANOI U N IV E R S IT Y O F S C IE N C E LÊ thị hoàn ENGLISH FOR STUDENTS OF GEOGRAPHY ệ ặ t t r v SC IEN C E AND TECHNICS PUBLISHING HOUSE HANOI - 2007 Acknowledgement I am deeply grateful to HUS Board of Management, and Board of Management of Foreign Language Department, Dr Nguyen Chi Dung, M.A Tran Nga, who have made every favourable condition and opportunity for the development of this book I wish to recognize with gratitude valuable advice, suggestions, general assistance in matters of content and emphasis provided by Prof Dr Nguyen Cao Huan and Prof Dr Truong Quang Hai I am also greatly indebted to M.A Bui Thi Dien, Dr Tran Quoc Binh, M.A Nguyen Hieu, Dr Nhu Thi Xuan, and M.A Nguyen Kim Chi for their provision of some valuable materials, which are of great importance to the production of this book Last but not least, my sincere thanks go to all my colleagues who have helped and encouraged me a great deal during the development of this book Ill Lời cảm ơn Tôi xin bày tỏ biết ơn sâu sắc tới Ban giám hiệu Trường Đại học Khoa hiọc Tự nhiên Ban lãnh đạo Bộ môn Ngoại ngữ, Tiến sĩ Nguyền Chí Dũng, T hạc sĩ Trần Nga tạo điều kiện thuận lợi cho việc biên soạn sách Tôi xin chân thành cảm ơn PGS.TS Nguyễn Cao Huần PGìS.TS Trương Quang Hải đóng góp ý kiến quý báu nội dung trọng tâm cho sách Tơi xin bày tỏ lịng biết ơn sâu sắc tới ThS Bùi Thị Diẻn, TS Trần Quốc Bình, ThS Nguyễn Hiệu, TS Nhữ Thị Xuân, ThS Nguyễn Kim C hi cung cấp cho tài liệu quý giá sử dụng cho việc thiết kế hệ thống sách Cuối không phần quan trọng, xin gứi lời cảỉm ơn tới tất đồng nghiệp giúp đỡ động viên nhiểu trinh biên soạn sách IV Preface For students of natural science at Hanoi University of Science, English scientific materials are a huge treasure of knowledge to explore and to broaden their mind of the field they are interested in The question is how to make the most effective out of these materials to serve some purpose of study "English for Students of Geography' is the first ESP textbook designed for students of Geography at Hanoi University of Science with an attempt to answer the question Rationales for the development of the book: • There is a lack of suitable and systematic ESP textbooks to meet the demand of ESP learning and teaching at the faculty of Geography, HUS • The target students of this book have finished their 2.5 terms of General English and a half term of ESP transitional stage, which means that they have accumulated enough language background to be able to start ESP course • The main focus of the book is to improve students’ reading skill which has been proved to be of great help in HUS students' future work However, writing and translation, which are useful for students of natural science, are also included in the book • The book is an attempt to improve students’ language skills through the means of English materials of Geography rather than teach Geography in English • The materials used to develop the books are authentic so that students are provided with and get accustomed to scientific writing styles in general and writing style of geographical materials in particular • The contents of the book are chosen based on the specialist subjects the target students are being taught in Vietnamese at HUS • The units are arranged systematically and logically so that they can be used parallel or after the corresponding specialized subjects the students are being taught in Vietnamese, which makes ESP learning easier thanks to their background knowledge of the fields V The book is divided into two main parts, each is to be taught in ome term equal to 60 periods Part I: Each unit consists of a reading text and the exercise system usetful for developing and improving students* necessary reading skills such as skirmming, scanning, etc that they will meet in their future real-life work The understanding of reading text is made easier by grammatical focus followed by some grammatical exercises in the form of writing, which serves two purposes at the same time: (1) to improve students’ writing skill at sentence level as a basic and transitional stage to higher level, that is, context level encountered in pairt II of the book; and (2) to help students understand thoroughly some grammatical points usually met in scientific materials The additional exercises for translation are also provided to help studeints get familiar to translating skills, which is also useful in their later work i Glossary is an attempt to provide some basic terms of their specialization met in the reading text Fart II: In part II of the book, task types are designed at higher level such as working out the main idea of a paragraph or a text, working with and analyzing English materials in context, etc., exploiting students’ creativity That is also the reason why grammar is not included in this part Although translation is still second to reading and writing, it is paid more attention in part II to strengthen whiat the students have obtained of translating skills Due to the limited time allotted for ESP at each term, the writer of the1 book cannot include all that is related to Geography To make the book a betteir one further advice and suggestions from those who concern are highly appreciated VI Lời nói đầu Đối với sinh viẻn thuộc trường Đại học Khoa học Tự nhiên tài liệu tiếng Anh chuyên ngành kho tàng quý giá giúp họ mở mang kiến thức vể lĩnh vực mà họ quan tâm Vấn để đặt làm đế biết cách khai thác cách tối đa tài liệu theo mục đích sứ dụng "English for Students of Geography" sách tiếng Anh chuyên ngành biên soạn cho sinh viẽn khoa Địa lý, trường Đại học Khoa học Tự nhiên thuộc Đại học Quốc Gia Hà Nội với mục đích đưa khả lựa chọn cho câu hỏi Cuốn sách biên soạn sở sau đây: • Trước chưa có sách tiếng Anh chuyên ngành soạn thảo cách phù hợp hệ thống nhằm đáp ứng nhu cầu dạy học tiếng Anh chuyên ngành sinh viên Địa lý thuộc trường Đại học Khoa học Tự nhiên • Cuốn sách áp dụng cho sinh viên kết thúc 2,5 kỳ tiếng Anh sở 0,5 kỳ chuyển tiếp sang chuyên ngành Địa lý, có đủ kiến thức vể ngịn ngữ để bắt đầu bước sang học tiếng Anh chuyên ngành • Kỹ nồng trọng tâm sách kỹ nấng đọc tỏ kỹ hữu ích cho công việc tương lai sinh viên trường Đại học Khoa học Tự nhiẽn Tuy nhiên viết dịch để cập đẽn giáo trình dạng kỹ phụ trợ • Mục đích sách củng cố kỹ năng, chủ yếu kỹ nãng đọc, sinh viên thông qua tài liệu chuyên ngành Địa lý dạy chuyên ngành Địa lý tiếng Anh • Hệ thống đọc thiết kế từ tài liệu thực thuộc chuyên ngành Địa lý nhằm giúp sinh viên làm quen với văn phong khoa học nói chung văn phong tài liệu Địa lý nói riêng • Nội dung hệ thống sách lựa chọn dựa nội dung môn học chuyên ngành sinh viên Địa lý, trường Đại học Khoa học Tự nhiẻn • Các xếp cách hệ thống logic theo nội dung cho nội dung dạy song song sau môn học chuyên ngành VII mà sinh viên học trường, từ sinh viên manig kiến thức bố trỢcho trình học ngoại ngữ chuyên ngành Cuốn sách chia thành hai phần chính, phần áp dụng chio học kỳ tương đương với 60 tiết Phần I: Mổi phần I bao gồm đọc có hệ thống tập thiết kế nhằm củng cố phát triển kỹ nãng đọc cần thiết mà sinh viẽin S i ẽ gặp phải thực tế công tác sau skimming scanning V V Phần trọng tâm ngữ pháp đọc đuồ vào nhằm hổ trợ cho trình đọc huểu Đi kèm với phần trọng tâm ngữ pháp hệ thống tập thiết k ế dạng kỹ viết với hai mục đích: (1) nhằm phát triển kỹ viết miức độ câu, tạo tiền mức độ cao thực tế - cấp độ ngữ cảnh - áp dụng phần II sách; (2) nhằm giúp sinh viên hiếu cách thấu đáo tượng ngử pháp thường gặp tài liệu khoa học I Các tập dịch đưa vào phần nhằm giúp sinh viẽn lảm quen với kỹ dịch, kỹ nàng hữu ích cho cơng việc sinh viên Sâu Mục đích phần Glossary cung cấp số thuật ngữ gặp tironig nhằm bổ trợ cho phần tập dịch Phần II: So với phần I, hệ thống tập phần II sách thiết kế mức độ cao hơn, yẽu cầu khả tổng hợp đọc hiểu cao hơn, tìm ý đoan văn đọc, phân tích ngữ cảnh V.V nhằm khai thác tính sáng tạo sinh viên Đây lý mà phần giải thiích tượng ngữ pháp không đưa vào phần Phần dịch, mặc diù kihông phải trọng tâm, trọng nhằm củng cố nhửmg kỹ vể dịch mà sinh viên lĩnh hội phần I Do thời gian dành cho mỏn tiếng Anh chuyên ngành mổi học kỳ hạn chế nẽn tác giả khơng thể đưa vào sách tồn nội dung có liên quani đến chuyên ngành Địa lý mà chí chọn lọc nhửng nội dung ti(êu Ibiểu Nhằm hướng tới chất lượng tốt cho sách, tác giả mong nhặn iđược nhiểu ý kiến đóng góp quý báu cho sách từ phíơì nihững người có quan tâm VIII Table of contents Part 1 An introduction to geography 2 The solar system and the earth 1 The earth's structure 20 The atm osphere 32 The hydrological cycle 44 Surface currents 57 The earth's surface relief features 66 Materials of the lithosphere .77 S o il .85 Part II 95 The biosphere .95 Tropical grassland 104 Human population 1 Human impact on the environment 122 Categories of economic activity A look into globalization 141 Remote se n sin g 50 General introduction to G IS 160 Overlay m apping 169 R eferen ces 180 IX Table of abbreviations n: noun adj.- adjective adv: adverb V: verb smb: somebody smth: something Table of figures Figure Text structure Figure The Solar system Figure The Earth’s structure 21 Figure 4: Modern atmospherechart of composition, temperature and function 35 Figure The hydrological cycle 45 Figure Currents .60 Figure Orders of relief 67 Figure The rock cycle 78 Figure Soil texture diagram 88 Figure 10 World population growth rate 117 Figure 11 Sewage treatment 126 Figure 12 Cross-section 175 Figure 13 Cross-section 176 X II V IE T N A M E S E - E N G L IS H T R A N S L A T IO N Translate the follow ing passages into English Bộ phận nhập liệu hay gọi phận thu nhập liệu hệ thống G IS chuyến liệu dạng ban đầu sang dạng liệu mà liệ thong G IS có thê sứ dụng Trước đây, thơng tin địa lý thường phẩn lớn bắt nguồn từ bán đổ giấy bán đổ điện tử báng thuộc tính Ngày nay, hình ánh thu thập từ ảnh hàng khơng chụp vệ tinh dóng vai trò quan trọng hệ GIS Thịng tin có liên quan đến đặc trưng địa lý đểu có bốn yếu tố: vị trí địa lý thuộc tính, mối quan hệ vé khơng gian thời gian (lức là, đâu, gì, có mơi quan hệ với đặc mrng không gian khác tồn vào thời điểm nào) Bên cạnh liệu khơng gian, hệ thống G IS cịn chứa thơng tin thường gọi thuộc tính phi không gian không biếu thị dạng thông tin vị trí Việc chuyên liệu sang dạng G IS có thê sử dụng tốn kém, tốn thời gian thường khó Q trình đặc biệt phức tạp liệu có nguồn gốc từ nhiều nguồn khác nhau, nhiều tỷ lệ địa lý có độ tin cậy khác D GLOSSARY non-spatial a ttrib u te thuộc tính phi khơng gian c a p a b ility nãng, dung lượng com ponent phận, hợp phần accuracy độ xác convert chuyên đổi geographic scale tỷ lệ địa lý database sớ liệu ( Ỉ I S o p eration hệ điều hành G IS d ig itizin g tablet bàn số hoá access truy nhập dim ension chiều acquisition thu thập edit biên tập, soạn thảo (dữ liệu) ap p lic a tio n ứng dụng cho việc lập trình associate kết hợp, gắn elem ent yếu tô attach gán e n tity thực thế, toàn a ttrib u te database sớ liệu geom etric (thuộc) hình học thuộc tính in c o rp o rate bao gồm 167 input liệu dưa vào thông tin vào; đầu vào // nhập liệu req u ire yêu cầu rigidlv kiên cỏ cố định integrate kết hợp tíeh hựp routine hoạt động thường ngày interaction môi tương tác, tương separation phân tách tác orientatio n hướng output thông tin ra, đầu // cung cấp p lo tter máy vẽ bán đồ dạng điểm p rin te r máy in publication ấn phẩm puck bút sô hoá qu ery yêu cầu hỏi đáp real estate bất dộng sản rely dựa vào 168 sic nguyên vãn software phán mềm sophisticated tinh vi, phức tạp spatial database sị liệu khơng gian storage lưu trữ stylus bút kim số hóa trace vẽ can, đồ lại tracing paper, giấy can u tility tính hữu dụng Overlay mapping A READING I W A RM -U P A C T IV IT IE S • What is the difference between an overlay and a common map? • How are overlays mapping and G1S related? "Now take the map of surface water Place a piece of tracing paper over it and draw rings around all lakes and streams at a distance of 200 meters If you w ill then shade the area within those rings, this tracing can be combined with the tracing of steep slopes, sensitive views, high land costs, and so on To so, align the sheets on top of one another and place the whole stack on a light table or up against a window The lightest areas will be those that can best accommodate the proposed land development" - Anon This sort of advice can be found in any of a number of publications on environmental planning It refers to a process in which geographic data are organized and manipulated in the form of single-factor maps called overlays In the typical case, a database will initially include overlays of factors such as topographic conditions, urban structure, demographic characteristics, and so on These will have been derived either from direct observation or from sources such as published maps or aerial photographs, and they w ill all be registered with respect to a common cartographic base In this form, existing overlays can be selectively retrieved and graphically transformed to generate new overlays of site characteristics The process is called overlay mapping Overlay mapping methods have been employed since early in the twentieth century Only in the 1960s, however, did they begin to gain wide acceptance Since then, much of the interest in these methods has been associated with the evolution of geographic information systems The advent of this technology has presented an opportunity to substantially refine and extend traditional overlay mapping methods Geographic data processing is a field that has grown from roots in 169 geography, computing, and application areas ranging from natural and social sciences to urban planning and environmental management It is a field that has grown steadily since 1960s and one that continues to grow in term of the number of practitioners involved, the range of application addressed, and the sophistication of tasks performed It is also a field that has now grown to a point when fascination with tools has matured into concern for the wav in which these tools are used Cartographic modeling is one approach to the use of G IS It is a general but well-defined methodology that can be used to address diverse applications in a clear and consistent manner As the term suggests, cartographic modeling involves models (or representations) expressed in cartographic form (or as maps) As the term also suggests, cartographic modeling is oriented more toward process than product Its major concern is not the way in which data are gathered, maintained, or conveyed but the way in which data are used (Text taken from G eographic Information Systems and Cartographic M odeling by Dana Tom lin C ) II C O M P R E H E N S IO N Q U E S T IO N S Answer the following questions, based on the information in the text How can the tracings of an area's selected features be combined? What is overlay mapping? What are the sources of map layers' factors? When did overlay mapping methods gain wide acceptance? What are the roots of geographic data processing? III M U L T IP L E - C H O IC E Select the answer which is most accurate according to the information given in the text Tracing papers 170 a show geographic features when they are aligned on top of one another b can be used in the tracing process of different geographic features c can be used to draw only rings at a distance of 200 meters An overlay a shows factors such as topographic conditions, urban structure, and so on b is a single-factor map c can't be graphically transformed Geographic data a are organized and manipulated in the process called overlay mapping b are organized and manipulated in the form of an overlay c don't include factors derived from direct observation 1960s was the time a overlay mapping methods were first developed b geographic information systems were not improved much c overlay mapping methods started being accepted widely Geographic data processing a involves more and more sophisticated tasks b derived from computing only c hasn't grown much since 1960s Cartographic modeling a is not related to GIS b is a process rather than a product c involves the way data are gathered The first paragraph is about a tracing papers b how to align sheets of tracing papers c a process used to find out the best areas for land development The second paragraph is about a overlay mapping 171 b single-factor maps c what information an overlay conveys The third paragraph is about a the history of overlay mapping h the importance oi'G IS to overlay mapping c the development o fG IS 10 The forth paragraph is about a tools used in geographic data processing b the origin of geographic data processing c geographic data processing ] I The last paragraph is about a the applications of cartographic modeling b one approach to the use of G IS c how data are used III C O N T E X T U A L R E F E R E N C E Work out the meanings of the following words and phrases ill context "Place a piece of tracing paper over if " "it" refers t o .this tracing-eari omhined " "tfyis tracing refers to " Will be those that " "those" refers to " It refers to a process in which " "it" refers to " These w ill have been derived " "these" refers to : "The advent of this technology has " "this technology" refers to 172 Ii is a field that has grown steadily " "it" refers to " that can be used to address " "that" refers to " A s the term suggests " "the term" refers to 10 " Its major concern is not " "its" refers to B PRACTICE I S E N T E N C E - T R A N S F O R M A T IO N Rewrite the following sentences without changing their meanings To note that a cartographic model conveys information about its study area in both implicit and explicit form is important - It The process of overlay requires both graphic and attribute comparisons - The process of overlay requires n o t The process of making a map involves four general steps: data collection, data compilation, map production, and map reproduction - There By tradition, when reading maps using rectangular coordinates, we give the X value first and the Y value second - By tradition, when w e It is impossible to project a round earth onto a flat map without some geometric distortion - T o Though punctual characteristics are generally not measurable in terms of spatial form, they can be described in terms of cartographic position - Despite The ability to combine data-interpreting operations relies not only on the compatibility of input and output formats, but also on the fundamental way in which map layers convey cartographic data - The ability to combine data-interpreting operations relies both The first and most essential control on map design is the purpose The map is being prepared for the purpose - The first and most essential control on map design is the purpose for Selected study areas for G IS analysis are frequently locations with highly complex physical, transportation, social, or economic structures - Study areas 10 Overlay is frequently found to be far more powerful when combined with other methods of spatial analysis than when used in isolation - Overlay is frequently found to be far more powerful when it II R E A R R A N G E M E N T Pul the following sentences into the right order to make a complete passage a They are based on a scale-corrected aerial photograph overlayed with contour information and selected road, place and feature names b Enhanced orthophoto maps (scale 1:25 000 only) are derived from black and white aerial photography but are artificially coloured to make them easier to read c The photographic image allows easy identification of both land features and man-made improvements such as buildings, roads, and boundary fences d Land feature (orthophoto) maps show the earth's natural and man-made features e Orthophoto map are produced in either black and white colour or enhanced colour f Contour lines and selected spot heights are used to show relief (1 ) '74 ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) III DRAW ING Draw cross-sections as guided The first two steps have been done fo r you You can use contour lines draw cross-sections The contour lines on a map give the plan view When you draw a cross-section you can see the shape of the land from the side There are two methods of drawing a crosssection Method Step 1: using a ruler, join the points A and B together with a line, this is your line of A section Step 2: draw a graph frame below the contour map, it should be exact the same width as the line A B (the vertical scale should go from to above the values of the highest contour) Metres 50- Step 3: Each time the line A B crosses a contour, draw a faint line down to the graph as far as the value of that contour and mark the point with a cross Step 4: When all the crosses have been marked, join them up with a smooth curve to show the outline of the land 10 - 0* B Figure 12 Cross-section 175 Method Step 1: using a ruler, join the points A and B together to make your line of section Step 2: lay the edge of a piece of A paper along the line of section, mark points A and B onto the paper edge Step : each time the line of section crosses a contour, mark it oh the paper edge with its height Step : draw a graph frame on which to draw the cross-section (step in method 1) Step : place the edge of the paper along the base of the •i'0_ graph, and transfer the points and the heights onto the baseline draw the faint lines upwards from the baseline and iomark the points with a cross at the correct heights n A Figure 13 Cross-section Step 7: joint up the point with a smooth curve Step 6: IS IV G A P -FILLIN G F ill in each o f the numbered blanks with one suitable word HOW ARE ORTHOPHOTO MAPS PRODUCED? Surveyors establish survey control over the project area Accurate horizontal and vertical information is obtained for carefully selected points, called control points Cameras (1 ) in aircraft are then used to 176 take vertical photographs over the area to (2 ) mapped The aircraft fly a predetermined height and the flight path and camera exposure are timed (3 ) that overlapping photographs are obtained The control points, (4 ) which accurate latitude, longitude and height values have been determined from the field surveys, are identified (5 ) marked on the photography From this field photography, a denser network of control points is established through the use of a complex computer program called aero-triangulation Overlapping photographs are then placed in a special instrument (6 ) a stereoplotter The operator is able to see a three dimensional image of the pair of photographs The photographs are orientated in the instrument making use of the control points (7 ) were previously established From this image the operator is (8) to accurately draw lines through points on the ground that have the same height above mean sea level These contour lines are used to produce a photogrammetric plot Since aerial photography (9 ) .not true to scale, sophisticated computer controlled equipment is used to change this photography to produce an accurate, true to scale, orthophoto image The resulting orthophoto image is then combined (10) the photogrammetric plot Selected place names, sheet and road names, title information and selected altitude and longitude values are added to aid map interpretation (Text taken from Sunmap Information S h e d published by Queensland University) C TRANSLATION I E N G L IS H -V IE T N A M E S E T R A N SLA T IO N Transíale the following passages into Vietnamese I A map layer (or simply a layer) is much like a conventional map a flat drawing indicating the nature, the form, the relative position, and the size of selected conditions in a geographic area A layer is just like a map of just one of an area's characteristics For example, one layer may depict a characteristic such as topographic slope, while another describes soil types, a third shows buildings, a forth gives land cost, and so on Normally, about several dozen layers will make up a typical cartographic model (Text taken from G eographic Information Systems and C artographic M odeling by Dana Tom lin C ) 177 The origins of C IS were in the overlay method This method involved the mapping of spatial events and then overlaying the information to see where overlapping occurred Before the widespread availability of computers this effect was first achieved through a base paper map and then physically overlaying transparent printouts on top The government of Canada, which can lay claim to the birth of G1S, took this a step further by digitally overlaying spatial information Mapping allows the viewer to get a spatial sense (Text taken from Aboìil - the human internet) II V IE T N A M E S E -E N G L IS H T R A N S L A T IO N Translate flic following passages into English Một khu vực địa lý, thông thường phần bé mặt trái đất biếu thị theo nhiểu cách khác nhau, dạng bàn đổ giấy thông thường cho dến bán đồ số xây dựng từ pixel trẽn hình máy tính Các ký hiệu sử dụng bán dồ nhằm biếu thị dặc trưng mặt đất Đường bình độ dường dược vẽ qua điếm mặt đất có độ cao so với mực nước biển Địa hình mặt đất xác định thông qua việc so sánh khoảng cách đường bình độ Trên bán dồ, đặc trung biêu thị theo vị trí thực tương ứng chúng mặt dất dược thu nhỏ lại phần nhỏ kích thước thật chúng dạng ký hiệu Màu duợc sử dụng bán đồ nhằm phân biệt rõ đặc trưng khác dược biếu thị đồ Các màu thường sứ dụng màu xanh lo biểu thị nước, màu lục biếu thị thám thực vật, màu đỏ biếu thị đường xá màu đen biểu thị đặc trưng khác có liên quan đến cóng trình người D GLOSSARY acceptance chấp thuận align xếp accommodate cung cấp artificially nhân lạo accurate xác boundary (thuộc) biên giới address trữ lấy cartographic base co sớ lập bán dồ 178 contour đường hình độ present trình bày control point diem khổng chế process trình coordinate toạ độ propose dự định dense dày đặc refine hiệu chinh evolution phát triến register ghi lại exposure lộ sáng, lần chụp retrieve lấy, gọi factor yếu tố ring đường viển fascination hấp dẫn rơot nguồn gốc, gốc rẻ fencc hàng rào scale tý lệ Field survey kháo sát thực địa shade đánh bóng horịyontal ngang source nguồn light sáng spacing khoảng cách manipulate thao tác spot điếm // vẽ bán đổ mark đánh dấu stack chổng.đỏng orientate định hướng structure cấu trúc orthophoto map bán đổ trực ảnh three dimensional image ánh ba chiểu o verlip gối lên, chồng lên, chồng phú transparent suốt path đường variable biến số photogrammetric (thuộc) trắc địa ảnh vcrtical dọc 179 REFERENCES About - the Human Internet Ackert, P Facts and Figures Newbury House Publisher Cambridge Azar, B S Understanding and Using English Grammar Prentice Hall Regents Bales, S Do Thi Nu and Ha Kim Anh 1998 English in Economics and Business Education Printing House, Hanoi Burrus, T L and Yaffa, H 1990 Energy in the Natural Environment Ginn Press, USA Campbell, J B 1996 Introduction to Remote Sensing The Guilford Press, G Britain Chiras, D D 1991 Environmental Science Publishing company Inc Christopherson, Company, USA R W 1992 Benjamin/ Gumming Geosystems Macmillan Publishing Clinch M 1995 Key stage - Geography Livesey Shrewsbury • ! 10 Dana To m lin, C 1990 Geographic Information Cartographic Modeling Prentice Hall, New Jersey Systems 11 Danielson, D and Porter, P Language Prentice Hall, USA Your Second 1990 Using English: and 12 De B lij, H.J and Muller, P.O 1992 Geography: Regions and Concepts John W illey &Sons, USA 13 Demers, M N 1997 Fundamental oJ GIS John W illey and Sons New York 14 Eastman, J R 1995 ID R IS Ifo r Windows Clask University, USA 15 Encarta - World Atlas, Microsoft 2000® 16 Fellmann.J., Getis, A and Getis, J 1992 Human Geography Landscapes o f Human Activities Wm C Brown Publishers, U SA 17 Frank, M 1972 Modern Envlish: A practical Reference Guide Prentice Hall, USA 180 18 F riedman, T L Dueling ( Hohalizations http://\v\v\v.findarticles.com 19 Cireenhalgh, T 1997 Environment Today Longman Group limited U K 20 http://\v\vw.census.gov/ipc 21 Jones, L Progress to F irst Publishing, Cambridge 22 Marcuse, p The hitp://w\v\v.findarticles.com Certificate Cambridge Examinations Language of Globalization 23 Oxford Advanced I.earner's Encyclopedic Die lijOiuu y Oxford University Press Oxford 24 Practice tests M A C 25 Reed, D and Rosa, H Economic Reforms, Globalization, Poverty and tlic Environment, http://www.findarticles.com 26 ReVelle, P and ReVelle, c 1988 The environment: issue uud choices for society Jones and Bartlett Publishers, USA 27 Rothschild, E Globalization http://www.findarticles.com 28 Sunnưip Information University Sheet and (handout) the Return published of bv History Queensland J 29 Swan, M 1995 Practical English IISUIỊC Oxford University Press, Oxford 30 Tarbuck, E.J and Lutgens, F K 1998 Earth Science Merrill Publishing Company, USA 31 W illiam s, R 1982 Panorama Longman, England 32 Wright, T 1997 Geographic Information Systems Information and privacy Commissioner/ Ontario 33 Yates, c St J, 1992 Economics Prentice Hall International U K 34 Hội khoa học dất Việt Nam Từ (liên thó nhưỡng học AnliA iệt N X B Khoa học K ỹ thuật, Hà Nội, 2000 35 Viện ngôn ngữ học Từ diếu AnliA 'iệi N XB Thành phố Hồ Chí Minh, Tp H CM 1993 36 Tìi íliển khoa liọc Ví) kỹ thuật N X B Khoa học K ỹ thuật, Hà Nội, 2000 37 Vũ Trung Tạng C sở sinh thái liọc Nhà xuất bán Giáo dục, Hà Nội, 2000 ... effective out of these materials to serve some purpose of study "English for Students of Geography' is the first ESP textbook designed for students of Geography at Hanoi University of Science with... hoàn ENGLISH FOR STUDENTS OF GEOGRAPHY ệ ặ t t r v SC IEN C E AND TECHNICS PUBLISHING HOUSE HANOI - 2007 Acknowledgement I am deeply grateful to HUS Board of Management, and Board of Management of. .. improve students? ?? language skills through the means of English materials of Geography rather than teach Geography in English • The materials used to develop the books are authentic so that students