V N U J O U R N A L O F S C I E N C E , N a t S ci & T e c h , t X V I I I , n ° l - 0 A P P L Y B M W P SC O R E S Y S T E M T O A SSE SS W A T E R Q U A L IT Y OF SO M E R U N N IN G W A T E R Le T hu H a, N g u y en X uan Q uynh, M D in h Yen College o f Natural Sciences - VNU A considerable am ount is known in Europe and North America and to a lesser extent Australia, of the m acroinvertebrate fauna of rivers and lakes Research has been extensive because of the im portance of macroinvertebrates in aquatic ecological processes and by extension to water-quality assessment, environmental management and conservation (C.F Mason, 1981; Metcalfe, 1989) Using macroinvertebrates to assess water quality is a rapid biologicalmonitoring method [5, 8, 9] The BM W P score has been applied successfully, with some adaptations to suit local conditions, in Thailand and India for example From 1998 to 2000 the project cooperation between Biology Faculty (Hanoi University of Sciences) and Field Studies Council, Institute of Freshwater Ecology (UK) sponsored by the UK government’s Darwin Initiative has been carried out Protocols for sampling, data analysis and BMWP score system for Vietnam are presented [7] The present study has prim ary objectives: - To adapt the BM W P methodology to assess water quality of some running water - Determination of macroinvertebrate composition in the sampling sites M eth od s ■ Samples were taken in September (hot season) and December (cold season), 1999, from three currents: Ao Vua stream (affected by tourist activities), Ca Lo river (affected by sewage from agriculture and erode) and Nhue river (affected by sewage from industries and larger towns) Along each running waters sites were taken sampling ■ Macroinvertebrate sampling: - Smaller sites were sampled using a combination of pond netting (sweep and kick sampling) for minutes and hand searching for minute - all habitats being sampled for a period of the tptal time in proportion to the area occupied - Larger sites were sampled by a combination of pond-netting of marginal habitats and dredge sampling in deeper water - Samples were transferred to white trays and sorted O lathe river bank before preservation in alcohol and identification to family level in the laboratory ■ Identification of Macroinvertebrates: All specimens were identified to family level, using some keys follows: Dang Ngoc Thanh et all, [4]; Nguyen Xuan Quynh et al, [7]; R w M eritt and K w Cummins, [10]; w Patrick McCafferty, [12] Ĩ Biological Monitoring Working Party (Nhóm hoạt động giám sát sinh học) T y p e s e t b y ẠẠ/fcS-T£X 22 A p p ly B M W P score s y s t e m to a ss e ss w a te r quality of 23 ■ D ata analysis: - Using BM W P score system of UK and BMWWP score system of Vietnam to mark each index family - A SPT2 — Total BMWP score: total index families - Use the W ater Quality Index (table 1) to a sse ss the water quality of each sampling sites T a b le 1: The Water Quality Index ASPT 10 — 7,9 — 5,9 — 4,9 — ,9 — W ater quality Very clean water Rather clean — clean water Average Dirty water Very dirty water Extremely dirty water (nolife at all) Sourse: - Richard Orton, Anne Bebbington and John Bebbington, 1995 -Stephen Eric Mustow, 1997 R esu lts N h u e riv er C o m p o sitio n o f M a cro in verteb tes in A o V u a stream , CaLo riv e r and Results of m acroinvertebrate surveys, using only the criteria of presence or absence are shown in table Sites have been arranged in order of their field sampling sites Fifty-seven taxa were recorded They belong to Arthropoda, Molussca and Oligochaeta Discussion: - Fourty two m acroinvertebrate families were recorded in AoVua stream They are families of Diptera, families of Coleoptera, families of Ephemeroptera, families of Hemiptera, families of Odonata, family of Plecoptera, families of Trichoptera, families of Decapoda, families of Gastropoda and family of Hirudinea The number of Insect families make up 85%, and most of them are like clean water - In CaLo river has been found 18 families macroinvertebrate They are families of Diptera, families of Hemiptera, families of Odonata, families of Decapoda, families of Gastropoda, families of Bivalvia and some specimen of Oligochaeta So th a t the Molluscs families make up 50% total families which have been found in CaLo river Most of them are like living in organic water as Thiaridae, Chironomidae, - Twenty two m acroinvertebrate families were recorded in Nhue river They are families of Diptera, family of Coleoptera, family of Ephemeroptera, families of Hemiptera, families of Odonata, families of Decapoda, families of Gastropoda, families of Bivalvia, family of Hirudinea and some specimen of Oligochaeta But only tubificid worms ( Oligochaeta) and chironomid larva ( Chironomidae) occurred with large number Average Score Per Taxon (Điểm trung bình đơn vị phân loại) Le T hu H a , N g u yen X u a n Q uynh, 24 M a i D in /i F e n T ab le 2: Macroinvertebrate D ata Occurrence (presence/absence) of macroinvertebrates taxa in the sampling sites No P h y lu m , C lass S u b -C lass, O rd e r, A o V u a stream C a L o river BMWP N h u e riv e r F am ily Score 5 UK V 5 2 ARTHROPODA In s e c t a D ip tera T ip u lid a c í C h iro n o m id a e - + - - - + - - + - + - - + - - + - + - + C o leo p tera P se p h c n id a c E lm in th id a e H y d ro p h ilid a e D y tis cid ae G y r in i d a e X D ry o p id a c H c lo d id a e - + - + - + - - + a + 5 5 5 5 - 5 + - 10 10 10 10 - 4 + - 10 IƠ 10 10 - - + + K p h em erop tera 10 H e p ta g e n id a e + 11 E p h e m e r id a e + 12 B aeliid ac + * - - + 13 L c p to p h leb iid ae + - - + - 14 E p h e m e r e llid a e 15 16 17 S ip h lo ru n id ae IS Cue ni due - + - + - - + - + - + - - O lig o n e u r ii d a e - - P o ta m a n th id a e ■ - - - 10 + - 10 10 10 7 5 H em ip tera 19 N a u c o rid a e 20 B c lo sto m atid ae 21 P lcidae ~>1 C o rix id a c 23 M c s o v c liid a e 24 A p h c lo c h c r i d a e - 25 N o to n c c tid a e - + - + - + - • + - + 5 5 + 5 • -• 10 10 5 X - - + - + - - - - + - + - - - O d o n u ta 26 27 G o m p h id a e - A rn p h ip te ry g id a e 2X Corelli leg as trid ae 29 C o c n a g rio n id a e ' 30 “ L ib e llu lid a e 32 P ro to n e u rid a e 33 L csiid ae + - + + : + 10 + - A e s h n id a e 31 + + X + + + - - - - + + - + 8 - IƠ 10 P lccoptera 34 Perlidae - + ' A p p l y B M W P score s y s t e m to a ss e ss w a te r q u a lity o f 25 T rich o p tera 35 H y d ro p sy c h idae 36 P h ilo p o tam id a e 37 L ep loce rid ac 3K P h ry g an eid ae 39 O d o n to c c rid a c 40 P sy c h o m u iid a e C ru stacea + + + - 5 - 8 10 10 10 10 10 10 8 + - - + + - - D eapoda 41 A tyiidac + - + - + - + - 42 P ula cm o n id ac + - + - - + - + + + + P o ta m id ac + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - Parathelphusiclae 44 + + + + - + - M OLLUSCA G astro p o d a P u lm o n ata P lan orbiidac 45 + - P ro so b ran ch ia + + + + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - - + + 46 T h ia rid a c 47 V iviparidac + - + - + - + - 48 L ittorinidac + - + - + 49 H ithyniidac 50 P ach yc hilid ac 51 S ten oih yridae B ivalvia - + - + - + - + - + - + + + + - - + - - - + + - K u lam ellib ran ch ia H e tero d o n ta 52 + - + - + C o rb ic u lid ac + - + - S c h i/ o d o n ta 53 M ytilidac 54 A m b le m lilac 55 U nionidac - - + - + + - + - + - + - - 3 ♦ 1 A N N EL ID A H iru d in ea 56 Hiruclinidac - - O lig o c h a c ta 57 No T a x a + - + + - - + - + - + - + - + 12 10 2Ơ 10 13 6 10 - 15 16 21 10 9 13 11 1Ơ 11 Notes: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5: the order of sampling sites in each running water (+ ) Occurred in September; (-) occurred in December (UK) T he BMWP Score System as used in the UK (N ational W ater Council, 1981) (V) BM W P score system of Vietnam (Nguyen Xuan Q uynh, Clive Pinder et al, 2000) Le T h u H a, N g u y e n X u a n Q u y n h , M a i D in h 26 2.W a te r q u a lity o f th e sa m p lin g Yen sites Values for BM W P to tal and for the ASPT were calculated using BMWP score system of UK and BM W P score system of Vietnam and results are shown in table Table 3: ASPT of the sam pling sites in AoVua stream, CaLo river and Nhue river A o V u a stream C a L o river 16 14 22 17 - 28 52 82 118 14 14 12 6 36 22 16 4 - 11 13 19 11 16 4 + 7,3 7,7 7,0 7,9 6,8 - 3,0 4.4 6,0 - 4,5 4,5 4.0 - 7.6 ,0 7,4 7,5 7,2 3,5 3,2 3,0 3,0 6,0 4.5 3,3 3,8 3,7 4,3 78 51 30 66 1i 19 26 44 23 £ i in d e x - ! ASPT + I N o ta x a 22 55 J* 'o N h u e river 21 Ẽ 46 + I 51 84 I T o la! I.B M W P I 5 109 4,4 12 20 20 21 27 *3 > i T o ta l I BMWP + - 93 37 64 91 141 28 28 22 27 29 49 27 36 32 ' o 0^ Ẹ s “ " :! N o la x a I in d e x J ị ASPT + 10 18 13 6 38 10 - 12 14 10 13 20 9 8 13 X 11 10 11 + 6.3 5.7 5,0 6,6 6,2 3,2 3,0 3,4 3,3 3,0 3,3 3.0 3,0 3.3 - 6,6 5,3 6,4 7,0 7,0 3,1 3,1 3,7 3,4 3.6 3,3 3,8 3,4 3,3 3.2 3,5 Notes: - 1, 2, 3, 4, 5: the order of sampling sites in each running water - (+ ) occurred in Septem ber; (-) occurred in December The results of sam pling sites water quality assess, using W ater Quality Index are shown in table T a b le 4: W ater quality of sampling sites S ilo U sing R M W P sc o re sy stem o f UK / 99 ASPT W a te r q u ality U sin g B M W P score system of Vietnam /9 ASPT W ater quality / 99 ASPT W ate r quality 12/ 99 ASPĨ Water quality E 7.3 R a th e r clean 7.6 R a th e r d e a n 6.3 R ath er clean 6 Rattier clean k ■y fd *7 7.7 R a the r c lean 7.0 R a th e r clean 5.7 A verage 5.3 Average 7.0 R ath er c lean 7.4 R a th e r clean 5.0 A verage 6.4 Rather clean > 7.9 R ath er c lean 7.5 R a th e r clean 6.6 R ather clean 7.0 R ather clean < 6.8 K alher c lean 7.2 R a th e r clean 6.2 R ath er clean 7.0 Rather clean - > c SJ 3.5 Dirty waier 3.2 Dirty w ater 3.1 D in y water 3.0 Dirty w ater 3.2 Diriy water 3.0 Dirty water 3.1 Dirly water 4.4 Dirty w alcr 3.0 Dirty water 3.4 Dirty water 3.7 Dirty water 6.0 R a the r c lean 3.0 Dirty water 3.3 Dirty water 3.4 Dirty water 6.0 R a th e r clean 3.0 Dirty w ater 3.6 Dirty water 3.x Diriy water s > - Dirty waler 4.5 Dirty water 3.3 Dirty water 4.5 Dirly w ater 3.3 Dirty water 3.3 Dirty water 3.4 Dirty water 4.0 Dirly w ater 3.8 Diriy water 3.0 Dirly w ater 3.3 Dirty waier 3.5 Diriy w ater 3.7 Dirly water 3.0 Dirty w ater 3.2 Dirty water 4.4 Dirty w ater 4.3 Dirty water 3.3 Dirly water 3.5 Dirty water A p p l y B M W P score s y s te m to a ssess w a te r q u a lity o f 27 Discussion - The water quality of AoVua stream is rather clean B ut only the water quality of second sampling site is average, because this site is received wastewater from Huong Rung Hotel - The water quality of CaLo and Nhue rivers is polluted All sampling sites in theirs have ASPT index between 3.0 to 4.0 - When using UK BM W P score system were not calculated A SPT index for some sampling sites in CaLo river as first site and fifth site It shown th a t UK BiviWP not suitable to assess water quality of running water in Vietnam Vietnam BMWP score system include the families of crustaceans and molluscs These families are occurred many in the sampling sites So using V ietnam BM W P to assess water quality of these sites are better C o n clu sio n s - There are the specimens of 42 macroinvertebrates families in Ao Vua stream (Ba Vi) The aquatic insect families make up 85% and most of them are like clean water In Ca Lo river there are 18 macroinvertebrates families and some specimens belong to Oliqochaeta Class The number of mollusc’s families makes up 50% In Nhue river 22 macroinvertebrates families and some specimens of Oligochaeta Class have been found Most of specimens belong to Chironomidae and Oligochaeta - The water quality of AoVua stream is rather clean The water quality of Ca Lo and Nhue rives are average dirty - Using macroinvertebrates as bioindex to assess water quality is not expensive and useful method - The BMW P Vietnam score system is more suitable for the sampling sites than BMW P UK score system Reference Lê Thu Hà, Nguyễn Xuân Quýnh Góp phần nghiên cứu mức độ đa dạng sinh vật động vật khơng xương sống cỡ lớn theo dịng suối Tam Đảo (VTnh Phúc), Tạp chí Sinh học, tập 23 3A(2001), trang 62-68 Hoàng Thị Hoà Nghiên cứu sử dụng động vật không xương sống cỡ lớn đánh giá chất lượng nước khu vực thành phố Đà Lạt Suối Dac Ta Dun sông Đa Nhim, Luận án Thạc s ĩ Khoa học, 2000 Đặng Ngọc Thanh Khu hệ động vật không xương sống nước Bắc Việt Nam Nhà xuât KHKT Hà Nội, 1980 Đặng Ngọc Thanh, Thái Trần Bái, Phạm Văn Miên Định loại Đ ộng vật không xương sống nước Bắc Việt Nam Nhà xuất KHKT, Hà Nội, 1980 C.F Mason Biology o f Freshwater pollution Produced by Longm an Singapore Publishers Ltd., third edition, 1996 National Water Council River quality: the 1980 survey and future outlook Na tional Water Council London 1981 '28 L e T h u H a , N g u y e n X u a n Q u y n h , M a i D in h Y e n Nguyen Xuan Q uynh Mai Dinh Yen Clive Pinder and Steve Tilling Biological Surveillance of Freshwater Using Macroinvertebrate A Practical Manual and Identification Key fo r use in Vietnam Darwin Initiative Field Studies Council UK 2000 P S Croft A key to the M ajor Group of British Freshwater Invertebrates Field Studies C ouncil AID G AP Project Printed in Great Britain 1986 R Fitter and R M anuel Lakes Rivers Streams and Ponds o f Britain and north-west Europe Collin photo guide Harper Collins Publishers 1995 10 R w Merritt and K w Cummins An Introduction to the Aquatic Insects o f North America K endall/H unt Publishing Company 1996 11 Richard Orton Anne Bebbington and John Bebbington Freshwater Invertebrates Field Studies C ouncil Published, 1995 Stephen eric Mustow Quatic macroin vertebrates and environm ental quality of rivers in Northern Thailand, PhD thesis 1997 12 w Patrick M cCafferty Aquatic Entomology Jones and Bartlett Publishers Boston London 1981 T Ạ P C H Í K H O A H O C Đ H Q G H N , K H T N & C N , t.X V III, n ° l - 0 ÁP DỤNG HỆ THỐNG DIEM BMWP đ n h g iá c h ấ t l ợ n g m ô i t r n g n c m ộ t s ố d ò n g c h ả y Lẽ Thu Hà, Nguyễn Xuân Quýnh, Mai Đình Yên Trường Đại học Khoa học Tự nhiên, ĐHQG Hà Nội Sử dụng động vật không xương sống (ĐVKXS) cỡ lớn để đánh giá chất lượng nước dòng chảy phương pháp rẻ tiền, áp dụng diện rộng với nhiều điểm quan trắc khác Nghiên cứu thực dòng chảy: suối Ao Vua (chịu tác dộng hoạt động du lịch), sông Cà Lồ (chịu tác động nước thi nơng nghiệp nạn xói mịn) sơng Nhuệ (chịu tác động nước thải sinh hoạt, cơng nghiệp) Mỗi dịng chảy có điểm nghiên cứu, mẫu thu vào đợt: tháng (mùa nóng) tháng 12 (m ùa lạnh) năm 1999 - Tại suối Ao Vua xác định đại diện 42 họ ĐVKXS cỡ lớn, họ thuộc trùng ấu trùng trùng nước chiếm đến 85%, phần lớn họ họ ưa Trên sông Cà Lồ thu 18 họ ĐVKXS cỡ lớn số đại diện Giun tơ (O ìigochaeta), số chủ yếu bọn Thân mềm (M ollusca) chiếm 50% sông Nhuệ gặp 22 họ ĐVKXS cỡ lớn số đại diện Giun tơ (O ligochaeta) Lượng m ẫu thuộc họ Chironomìdae lớp Oligochaeta chiếm đa số - Chất lượng môi trường nước suối Ao Vua tương đối Sông Cà Lồ sơng Nhuệ có mức nhiễm trung bình - Phương pháp sử dụng ĐVKXS làm sinh vật thị để đánh giá chất lượng nước phương pháp khả thi, m ang lại kết tốt, lại tốn - Hệ thống điểm BM W P cửa Việt Nam sát thực so với hệ thống điếm BMWP cúa Anh ... P score s y s t e m to a ss e ss w a te r quality of 23 ■ D ata analysis: - Using BM W P score system of UK and BMWWP score system of Vietnam to mark each index family - A SPT2 — Total BMWP score: ... index for some sampling sites in CaLo river as first site and fifth site It shown th a t UK BiviWP not suitable to assess water quality of running water in Vietnam Vietnam BMWP score system include... families of Diptera, families of Coleoptera, families of Ephemeroptera, families of Hemiptera, families of Odonata, family of Plecoptera, families of Trichoptera, families of Decapoda, families of