Việc sử dụng các loại câu và các loại mệnh đề phụ của sinh viên năm ii khoa sư phạm tiếng anh đại học ngoại ngữ đại học quốc gia hà nội

ĐẠI HỌC QUỐC GIA HÀ NỘI TRƯỜNG ĐẠI HỌC NGOẠI NGỮ KHOA SƯ PHẠM TIẾNG ANH/ KHOA NGÔN NGỮ VÀ VĂN HÓA CÁC NƯỚC NÓI TIẾNG ANH KHÓA LUẬN TỐT NGHIỆP VIỆC SỬ DỤNG CÁC LOẠI CÂU VÀ CÁC LOẠI MỆNH ĐỀ PHỤ CỦA SINH VIÊN NĂM II KHOA SƯ PHẠM TIẾNG ANH, ĐẠI HỌC NGOẠI NGỮ, ĐẠI HỌC QUỐC GIA HÀ NỘI Giáo viên hướng dẫn: Phạm Xuân Thọ Sinh viên: Nguyễn Quỳnh Chi Khóa: QH2016.F1.E2 HÀ NỘI - 2020 Signature of Approval: _ Supervisor’s Comments & Suggestions: _ _ _ _ _ I hereby state that I: Nguyen Quynh Chi, QH2016.F1.E2, being a candidate for the degree of Bachelor of Arts (English Language Teacher Education) accept the requirements of the College relating to the retention and use of Bachelor’s Graduation Paper deposited in the library In terms of these conditions, I agree that the origin of my paper deposited in the library should be accessible for the purposes of study and research, in accordance with the normal conditions established by the librarian for the care, loan or reproduction of the paper Nguyen Quynh Chi May 11th, 2020 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS My sincere gratitude goes first to Mr Pham Xuan Tho, whose insight and knowledge into the subject matter steered me through this research If it hadn’t been for his valuable advice and thorough feedback, I would have encountered many difficulties in doing my graduation paper My appreciation also extends to Ms Le Thuy Duong and Ms Dao Huong Tra – teachers of FELTE, ULIS and sophomore students of FELTE, ULIS - for their enormous support Without their participation in this study, the data collection process would not have been able to be carried out so smoothly and conveniently Further, I would like to thank all my beloved friends and my boyfriend for always staying by my side and providing me with endless encouragement throughout this incredible yet stressful journey Thank you for patiently putting up with me and loving me still no matter how grumpy I became whilst I wrote this thesis Finally, I’m indebted to my dear family They have been a huge source of strength and motivation for me to complete this graduation paper, and for that I’m forever grateful i ABSTRACT This study investigated the use of four sentence types (simple, compound, complex and compound-complex) and three dependent clause types (nominal, adverbial and adjectival) 87 VSTEP Task essays were collected from sophomore students of FELTE, ULIS, VNU The essays were analyzed to gain insight into the most and least frequently used sentence types and clause types by students as well as the errors they made while writing those types The results reveal that complex sentences were the most frequently used sentence types by students, while compound sentences were the least popular Regarding dependent clause types, all nominal, adverbial and adjectival clauses were found in students’ writings The findings of this study also showed that though the students were English majors, they made several errors related to linking devices when forming more complicated sentences and encountered confusion while using restrictive and non-restrictive adjectival clauses Pedagogical implications and suggestions were also provided to help teachers of English improve their students’ writing proficiency and learners of English, especially future VSTEP test-takers achieve their desired score in the test Keywords: VSTEP, writing, simple sentences, compound sentences, complex sentences, compound-complex sentences, dependent clauses ii applied extensively when its features are improved to be more convenient for general use in the future E69 The development of technology brings many benefits for our life, even on teaching ways With the technology available today, it is undeniable that there are many advantages of online learning for not only learners but also teachers However, the e-learning cannot take the place of traditional classroom because of some primary drawbacks Firstly, it is obvious that online learning programs demands equipments from learners Traditional classes only require students materials such as books, notebooks when attending lectures However, when pursuing a distance course, it requires learner laptop or computer, which is necessary to access internet during the course but not affordable for all students, especially those with financial difficulties Furthermore, in rural areas where the Internet connection is unstable, slow connection can make accessing online courses an arduous task Therefore, it is difficult for underprivileged student to attend e-learning course Another disadvantage of online learning program is that it can increase health problems for students It is undeniable that online learning programs can increase eye-diseases such as short-sighted or long-sighted when sitting in front of computer and seeing the screen for long time In addition, using computers frequently can affect the health of pregnant women because the radiation from laptops is harmful An obvious drawback of online learning is that it limits students’ communication skills In the traditional classroom, students can interact directly with lecturers when they are in trouble of with lesson However, in online courses, learners only reply on written forms of communication because they have little or no face-toface interaction with teachers As a result, learners may be not having a firm grasp of the concepts taught in the program Although the advantages of online courses are numerous, it exits multiple drawbacks to online education in comparison to traditional education Therefore, I believe that distance learning cannot replace direct lessons in the classroom 98 E70 Nowadays, tourism industry plays an essential role on cultural exchange and economic development While some people hold a prejudiced view toward tourism development, I still believe that the development of tourism brings positive influence on many aspects of local communities Initially, it is obvious that the global tourism creates job prospects for local residents In international holidays, magnificent destinations attract numerous tourists to enjoy breathtaking landscapes; therefore, it requires amount of employees to satisfy tourists’ demands All aspects of tourism such as hotels, restaurants need staff As a result, tourism can provide much-need employment directly within tourism industry In addition, tourism also brings indirectly job opportunities for other sectors such as retail and transportation The demands of transportation of tourists increase in peak seasons; therefore, it can create job prospects for unemployed people Another advantage of tourism is that global tourism can provide a spending for investment infrastructure of local communities From holidays, host communities acquire million dollars each year, which tremendously contributes to the prosperity of these communities As a result, the local government would have enough budgets to maintain and improve the infrastructure as well as public facilities Furthermore, the local communities can utilize the tax of tourism industry to preserve and promote the landscapes and environment to attract not only domestic investors but also foreign ones in the future In conclusion, I personally believe that the development of tourism brings benefits for the local inhabitants and communities The government; therefore, should invest national budgets to develop tourism E71 In recent years, fast food industry is popular and preferable in over the world The increase of instant foods always brings influence for not only individuals but also society This essay will clarify several causes as well as negative impacts of this trend 99 The first cause that we need to consider is the living style In modern family, both the husband and wife have jobs and they are busy in their work Consequently, they not have enough time to cook or prepare fresh and healthy food They, therefore, have to choose fast foods as an easy option to save time for others activities In addition, marketing campaign is another cause of the popularity of fast foods It is obvious that fast food companies try to raise product consumption by using advertisement They usually use advertising techniques such as discount voucher or celebrity endorsement, which attracts audience to buy their products However, convenience foods have negative impacts on people The greatest impact is the effect on human health It is obvious that fast foods contain a high percentage of materials and colors chemical By using those food additives frequently, people will easily get health problems such as diabetes, obesity, heart disease and even cancer Moreover, the popularity of fast foods will affect our environment Most instant food brands serve foods by using plastic bags as well as disposable cups and plates Although those plates and cups are cheap and useful, it takes long time to decompose completely when we bury it into land It, therefore, causes soil pollution if the amount of disposable plates and cups increase Although fast foods are tasty and convenient for people, it also has effect on human health as well as environment Therefore, people should carefully choose what they eat to reduce negative impact of instant foods in the future E72 The 21st century witnesses technological breakthroughs in almost every aspect of life, including education It is widely believed that e-learning should be an alternative to traditional teaching method In my opinion, the entire application of computer-based learning should not be encouraged for several reasons The most visible disadvantage of online learning is that it limits interaction of students with teachers and friends Joining an online class means that there is no face-to-face engagement with lecturers All questions will be answered in written forms only, which creates enormous difficulty for learners to have a firm grasp of the lessons Peer communication is also a challenge as most contacts are made on 100 the Internet A lack of direct peer support and idea exchange may result in lower competitiveness and weaker bonds among friends Another demerit of distance education is that it requires strong self-discipline In an online learning environment, students are their only supervisors Whether their homework and class activities are accomplished on time depends much on their time management skills and self-motivation Numerous online learners admit to having dropped their course as they suffer from a sense of isolation Students’ improvement and academic result, therefore, are predictably low Last but not least, e-learning demands for sophisticated equipment With remote area residents, whose Internet connection and financial condition is not assured, having a computer with Internet access for academic training is tough In conclusion, online learning programmes should only be an extension of the conventional practice, not fully replaced Benefiting from both methods will rapidly better learners’ learning experience and efficiency E73 Tourism has been gaining their popularity worldwide with millions of tourists annually and offering countless benefits to nations Despite their outstanding advantages, I firmly believe that tourism has exerted a number of adverse impacts on the tourism regions Initially, tourism poses considerable threat to the local environment in every aspect The increasing number of tourists inevitably leads to depletion of natural resources A typical example of this is water The amount of water used in an average golf course in a tropical country, for example, is assumed to be sufficient for 60000 villagers, according to thewordcount.com With such high demand, it is hardly surprising that in the foreseeable future the water supply in those area will exhaust Local agricultural productivity partly decreases due to the conversion of cultivated land to recreation land In the long term, local farmers’ life will terribly suffer from lower crop yield Moreover, entertaining activities put high pressure on the climate Recent research has shown that tourism contributes to more than percent of global greenhouse gas emissions, with transportation accounting for 90 101 percent of this 49% death of live coral stems from coral bleaching, a result of El Nino phenomenon Undoubtedly, the local ecosystem has been terribly disturbed Moreover, tourist arrivals can upset the local life As tourists know little about the local culture, they are more likely to offend their local customs Recently, an insulting video about Japan by an American has been removed from Youtube after causing fury worldwide, and the video maker himself has been deported forever from this country for this action Furthermore, in order to delight tourists, local people have to repeat all the activities that make their name everyday, which is rather annoying In Duong Lam ancient village, villagers are even not allowed to repair their house due to tourism, no matter how bad condition the house is in Most visibly, tourists’ misbehaviors can set poor example to local people, who are used to a peaceful life They may pollute their homeland, live a hectic life and therefore, lose their identity In conclusion, tourism has a negative impact on local community in both social and environmental aspects The shortcomings of tourism on local community deserve thorough investigation from authority and local people E74 In my opinion, the current start-up trend has negative effects on the young generation Initially, the start-up culture has seriously misled youngsters about the path to a lucrative business Numerous recent graduates, instead of gaining experience as employees, expanding social network or obtaining long-term finance, daydream about being a boss Most successful founders need at least 10 years in the industry before establishing their first company and the lack of market understanding and long-term finance are the two most popular reasons for start-up failure Apparently, there is no place for immaturity and poor entrepreneurism in the industry Moreover, the pressure may make young entrepreneurs suffer from health problems Though optimists claim that expectation is a strong motivation, surveys on start-ups’ health has shown opposite results Many Silicon Valley entrepreneurs are alcohol addicts Plenty of potential business people are struggling with depression after consecutive breakdowns The life-changing dream is corrupting our youth energy, both physically and mentally In conclusion, the 102 shortcomings of start-up trend among youngsters are hardly deniable and should be taken into full consideration E75 The outburst of world’s population has become increasingly severe in both civilized cities and destitute areas, which stems from two main causes The first reason is improvement in life quality Obviously, but for the advancement of medicine (such as vaccine and antibiotics) and public health technology, people could not get better health care; consequently, there would be no decline in the death rate For instance, between 1900 and 2002, the US infant mortality rate dropped from 165 to 68 percent Moreover, thanks to the modern technique in fertility treatment, it is possible for childless couples to have their own babies, which also leads to rise in birth rate Secondly, the lack of awareness about family planning is also responsible for overpopulation In many countries, there still have long-held belief that families with many children will be lucky and prosperous In addition, poor families want to have more kids to help with the family economic situation Having kids unintentionally happens because young generation know little about safe sex or family planning, so innumerable children are born each year In conclusion, that lots of parts in the world are densely populated owing to above reasons is an alarming problem E76 That the Earth’s population has become densely populated over the past century gives rise to a number of problems First, it is hardly deniable that overpopulation places a heavy burden on the society If people not fiercely compete for jobs, their financial security will be significantly affected and millions of families will lack basic necessities Social welfare, healthcare and formal education system are also put under huge pressure as they have difficulty in meeting the public demand To give an example, countries with high birth rates are usually developing ones and vice versa Another consequence of overcrowding lies in the environmental degradation Natural resources such as fresh water or fossil fuels suffer from great depletion, which directly leads to global wars and conflicts Humans, to survive, are setting their foot on wildlife habitat and 103 exploiting the ecosystem Millions of species are on the verge of extinction Meanwhile in the metropolitan areas, all kinds of pollution resulted from human activities have a negative impact on not only the public health but also on the delightful sceneries In conclusion, the effects of overpopulation should be measured appropriately so that urgent actions will be taken to address this international issue E77 Thanks to the modern technological advancements, online learning has recently become popular with people in the world, especially with those who are away from school I suppose that online learning is likely to replace traditional classrooms because of its convenience and low learning fees In the first place, online learning is far more convenient than conventional schooling Online learning is saving our valuable time as much as possible at present.Instead of wasting commuting time to the class, learners can be comfortably study online at home Online learning is also believed to be quite flexible While we have to follow to a fixed timetable arranged by the school, participants in online courses are completely free to study at any time appropriate for their own schedule Secondly, the fee of one online courses will be much cheaper than that of traditional class It is acknowledged that a traditional class have to cover expenses for facilities and staff support; therefore, fees tend to be higher than online learning Moreover, if choosing to go to the classrooms, we will have to pay money for commuting transport; therefore, the choice of online education will save a substantial sum of money for every individual Although some argue that online learning appears to limit student’ s interaction with teachers and peers, I personally not think so After discovering online learning, I realize that I can communicate with the rest members of the class without having any obstacles When owning a personal account, every learner can freely exchange opinions with other people through leaving messages below lecture videos More ideally, to have face-to-face conversations, users can establish one video conferencing, so our interaction level is increased significantly 104 In conclusion, the advent of online learning make changes to the teaching and learning process This learning model is really both convenient and cheap E78 It is acknowledged that travelling has the great potential to develop global economy.While many people claim that regional areas have adverse impacts due to tourism business; however, I tend to agree that the development of tourism exerts positive influences on many aspects of local communities In the first place, vacation industry creates numerous employment for local residents.Obviously, the more visitors go on sightseeing , the greater the employees’ demands are in order to meet tourists’ requirements.For instance, there is an increasing number of staff in hotels and restaurants to considerately cater for the large number of travellers in peak seasons.Furthermore, tourist agencies also employ a great many interpreters to guide foreign tourists.Thanks to tourism commerce, other sectors such as retail and transportation also can offer job opportunities Tourism allows retailers at tourist destinations to sell local goods not only to introduce regional culture but also to a living In addition to that, holiday business promotes regional economy.If one tourist destination attracts more and more visitors, hotels, restaurants and tourist agencies there have more opportunities to make more money, which makes a huge contribution to local budgets.Furthermore , most travellers tend to cover extravagant expenses for shopping and entertainment activities , so natives are likely to make a lucrative income Overall, the increased revenue of every resident is believed to indicate the prosperity of that area In conclusion, despite existing disadvantages, I strongly believe that the development of tourism has advantages for the local inhabitants and communities.Tourism not only helps generate job prospects but also stimulate the economic growth of regions E79 With the technology development, an increasing number of people are concerned about the role of online learning programs in teaching and learning practice Some believe that technology can really change how we can learn 105 However, others argue that traditional teaching has also its merits In my opinion, it finds difficult for student to learn online because of some reasons One downside of distance learning is that it lacks direct interaction with teachers Students can not communicate face to face each other and only receive forms of communication through writings, image or slide As the result, they not have a firm grasp of the lessons Meanwhile, with traditional classroom-based learning, teachers can not only share knowledge but assess, correct and motivate student as well Moreover, distance learning limits direct interaction with peers When students pay attention to online course, they are restricted to online conversations with their classmates, so they have less peer support, and exchange of ideas than the conventional classroom environment It makes students less competitive and motivated Besides, another disadvantage is its demand for equipment It is difficult to access for underprivileged students For example, for students who live in remote areas without roads or internet connection, traditional learning can solve it instead of online learning To sum up, with the limit in interaction with teachers as well as fellow students and connection equipment, online learning is not considered as an alternative method for traditional classroom However, we should not neglect the importance of distance learning when it also brings effective education solution in teaching and learning in recent schools E80 Many people think that giving lectures in classroom to larger numbers of students plays an important way to gain knowledge; however, with the evolution of new technology, taking online classes becomes a popular alternative Many students pursuit their degree by learning online because of its advantages The first obvious benefit of online classes is having a proper time management With online education, you can take the initiative to schedule your personal time because you can attend your online course whenever and wherever you want Therefore, you can balance your studying with your work as well as family’s life 106 Another benefit is lower total costs In facts, almost online courses are not as expensive as traditional school While attending lectures at class, students are required to have course materials such as textbooks, but online students can download their course books online with cheaper or even free cost Moreover, learners also save cost for communication when they not need to have their attendance at class Not but last least, taking online classes helps many students boost their education opportunity Many children in remote regions meet with serious difficulties going to school due to geographical restrictions, or some have physical disabilities that hinder their mobility Thanks to the advancement of modern technology, many children now have a chance to know more knowledge by accessing the Internet from any location In conclusion, it seems to me that online learning brings several advantages for learners, but we can deny the effects of traditional methods for education E81 In many countries, tourism is considered one of the most extensive and costeffective industries Despite of its development, I personally agree that there are an enormous consequences in term of environment and society First of all, tourism development can pressurize local environment, particularly natural resources and pollution It is obvious that there is an overused consumption of necessaries when a large number of visitors travel in area It threatens food supply as well as other sources of water, energy and wood which enables government to cope with the lack of these Additionally, the more products the tourists consumes, the more waste increases This may be a significant issue if visitors throw away and authority not manage waste disposal which is a major cause to pollute natural environment In addition, the development of tourism industry has negative impact on social infrastructure By popular demand of tourists, the constructure of superstructure along with infrastructure are built to serve tourism Although the government makes efforts to upgrade facilities annually, local infrastructure is not able to deal with heavy traffic and overcrowded population In facts, the governments are 107 expected to improve the quality of airports, railway stations, roads and other facilities which is costly and risky If the public resources spends on restoring infrastructure exceedingly, the government will reduce investiments of other activities such as education and health To conclude, although holiday business brings many massive cost-benefit for progress of countries, it seems to me that it still carries more weigh in development of one country because of negative effects on environment and facilities E82 The idea that, attending lectures with a lot of students is an outdated way Nowadays, in the technological age, online courses should be replaced I completely agree with this opinion for the following reasons One reason is that online courses are flexible You can study whenever and wherever you want with a simple click on the laptop You can participate in many courses at the same time and at your own place Hence, learning becomes more effective Secondly, it is easy to access Online studying only requires internet connection Therefore, students from remote areas can join in the course Especially, e-learning is more convenient for learners who want to study from foreign experts Another reason is that e-learning will help you reduce cost such as travel expenses, tuition fee For example, a student who goes to school by bus has to spend an amount of money on traveling each month However, he can save transportation expenses when he stays at home and take part in online courses Moreover, tuition fee of online learning program is often lower than that of traditional programs The reason is that you not have to pay for using the facilities Besides, e-books are often more affordable than physical textbooks In conclusion, e-learning has many benefits I believe that it can replace traditional way of teaching E83 It is argued that conventional classroom environment is the outdated teaching and learning processes, and these should take place exclusively on the Internet I 108 am of disagreement that e-learning can be substituted for the traditional classroom due to two main reasons Initially, online students fail to interact directly with their peers throughout their learning process Because of learning through secrecies, not only students tend to be independent in online courses, but they are also short of communicating with their classmates Moreover, students are restricted to online conservations Compared to traditional classroom, students have face to face interaction with their classmates to exchange ideas As a result, the link between online learners and their peers is reduced In other words, e-learning leads to less competitive, motivated, weaker bonds among students The other drawback is that online learning program demandss a variety of equipment Students have to be armed with a wealth of computer, particularly Internet connection to access e-learning Notwithstanding, only by possessing pens and notebooks, students attend lectures in traditional classes with a little money payment Obviously, it finds difficult for underprivileged learners to take part in online courses All things considered, the conventional classroom environment has never replaced for online learning programs owning to the reasons mentioned above It is advisable for educators and students to maintain traditional classes in teaching and learning E84 Whether or not children approach computers at sooner age is a controversial debate Many people maintain that it is beneficial for children; whilst others quarrel that this is detrimental for their growing The aim of this essay is to examine both sides of this issue and give my standpoint On the one hand, it is undeniable that toddlers take advantages of computers at earlier age The first merit of computers to children lies in languages growth Clearly, children can improve their speaking skill and listening thanks to watching cartoons and programs, especially foreign language For example, Do Nhat Nam is a talented famous kid at learning English, his parents detected his talented when he was watching English cartoons at a year Moreover, utilizing computers is 109 considered as a useful tool to explore children’s talented Based on children’s favorite programs, parents can assist their kids to participate in clubs or talented courses On the other hand, sooner age encounter with several drawbacks resulted from using computers Firstly, using computers limits children’s social interaction Children mostly have no face to face interaction with others because of spending too much time staring at computers Toddlers need to interact with people, particularly hone their social skills and learn empathy Another negative aspect of computers to toddlers is at risk of vision problems According to statistics, nearly 50 percent of students at primary students wear glasses because of approaching computers at sooner age Vision syndromes eyesore and blurred vision In conclusion, the negatives of using computers at sooner age overwhelm its positives I firmly believe that keeping toddlers far from computers is a great way for their development E85 In this day and age, supporters assert that tourism contributes to increasing industrial facet whistl components assume that problems in local communities diver from the growth of tourism I agree that the growth of tourism is beneficial for inhabitants due to main reasons First of all, it is obvious that tourist trade improves the standard of living The investment of modern public transport, leisure activities in local areas is to impulse the development of tourism Local inhabitants, therefore, take advantages of these investments to transfer and relax like travelers Moreover, tourism can lead to a better environment to attract visitors The government will make an effort to clean the streets and reduce pollution As a result, people can use modern public transport, leisure activities and reside in the clean environment to improve the standard of living Another strong point to uphold tourism is that tourist trade creates employment A vast of work is available in hotels, restaurants, taxis and entertainment centers resorts to serve tourists Besides, tourism attracts investment from multi-national companies in order to open a variety of language careers such as interpreters and 110 tour guides For example, Da Nang is a tourist city where incomes of citizens always maintain the top rank in Vietnam It is obvious that residents rely on tourism for their occupation as well income Conclusion, the development of tourism plays a vital role for local communities as reasons mentioned above I firmly believe that the development of tourism leads to the better life for inhabitants E86 It is true that the average longevity is gradually being on the increase which have led to some drawbacks for both individuals and society This essay will first suggest that the most significant problems are the government’s budget and density problems and then submit extending retirement age and encouraging births as the most viable solutions Several related problems can be anticipated when average life’s duration is increased The prime issue is that the budget governments must provide for the rising retirement and medical care funds The old could afford their life without working from positions even if the old are free from illness Thus, it wastes a considerable amount of budget on paying the old pensions My grandmother an 85 healthy-year-old is a case in point Besides pension, she also plants and sales vegetables to earn income Another issue involves density problems With the population of old people growth, the demand for housing rises and consequently increase the price of properties It is, therefore, a problem for the younger generation There are several actions that could be taken to eradicate the problems resulted from the increasing humans' lifespan Firstly, a feasible solution would be to offer a longer working period to people since the elderly are still in a healthy and prime condition thanks to modern medical advances and the high living standard in these countries It can release the society from the burden of funding a huge amount of pension Another way to remedy this problem is encouraging people to have multiple births Authorities could give tax rebates and other incentives for families with more than children This will solve the problem in near term 111 In summary, the increasing average longevity is the one of the most remarkable challenges that both individuals and societies are facing It will ultimately lead to budget governments and density problems, but there are possible solutions to resolve those issues E87 The 21st century is called the technology century with many advance devices It is said that the traditional education by giving lectures to many students should be replaced by online education I not agree with that statement for several reasons First of all, the lack of interaction with both teachers and peers is one of the biggest disadvantages of online schooling Without interacting with classmates, students might not have responsibilities or competitive attitudes which motivates them a lot at school Moreover, teachers’ feedbacks or encouragements also play a vital part in the studying process of all students On the other hand, online education requires several high technological devices such as computers with internet connections and headphones which are not available to some of students and undergraduates It’s inconvenient for not only students but also the lectures To clarify, lectures have to update all new methods to teach or to evaluate students This may be a big concern to senior teachers Additionally, traditional education provides many things that online education can’t As a case in point, passion to the subjects, interesting knowledge and priceless experience are given to learners while lectures are lecture on the amphitheater Unlike face to face education, online learning can’t express emotions, inspire people through lessons and raise student’s interest In conclusion, internet learning should be an option for studying but it can’t replace traditional education due to its demerits However, it depends on individuals to gain good mark despite the way of learning 112 ... Proficiency iv Table of Contents ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS i ABSTRACT ii LIST OF TABLES, FIGURES iii LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS iv CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background... compound-complex sentence sub-types Table 9: The use of nominal clauses Table 10: The use of adverbial clauses iii LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS DC: Dependent Clause EFL: English as a Foreign Language FELTE: Faculty... sentences, compound sentences, complex sentences, compound-complex sentences, dependent clauses ii LIST OF TABLES, FIGURES Table 1: Types of nominal clauses Table 2: Types of adverbial clauses