The preparation of NiOSBA 15 catalyst for methane reforming and kinetics

VIETNAM NATIONAL UNIVERSITY – HO CHI MINH CITY HO CHI MINH CITY UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY o0o PHAM MINH TAI THE PREPARATION OF NiO/SBA-15 CATALYST FOR METHANE REFORMING AND KINETICS Major: Petrochemical Engineering Major ID: 60520330 MASTER THESIS Ho Chi Minh City, 2019 CƠNG TRÌNH ĐƯỢC HỒN THÀNH TẠI TRƯỜNG ĐẠI HỌC BÁCH KHOA – ĐẠI HỌC QUỐC GIA TP HCM Cán hướng dẫn khoa học: GS TSKH Lưu Cẩm Lộc Cán chấm nhận xét 1: TS Nguyễn Hữu Lương Cán chấm nhận xét 2: TS Nguyễn Mạnh Huấn Luận văn Thạc sỹ bảo vệ trường Đại học Bách khoa – Đại học Quốc gia Tp Hồ Chí Minh vào ngày 15 tháng 01 năm 2019 Thành phần hội đồng đánh giá Luận văn Thạc sỹ gồm: PGS TS Phan Minh Tân TS Nguyễn Hữu Lương TS Nguyễn Mạnh Huấn TS Nguyễn Thành Duy Quang TS Phạm Hồ Mỹ Phương Xác nhận Chủ tịch Hội đồng đánh giá luận văn Trưởng Khoa quản lý chuyên ngành sau luận văn sửa chữa (nếu có) CHỦ TỊCH HỘI ĐỒNG TRƯỞNG KHOA KỸ THUẬT HOÁ HỌC PGS TS Phan Minh Tân GS TS Phan Thanh Sơn Nam VIETNAM NATIONAL UNIVERSITY SOCIALIST REPUBLIC OF VIETNAM HCM CITY UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY Independence - Freedom - Happiness No: /BKĐT - M Eng THESIS PROJECT Name: PHAM MINH TAI Student ID: 1770332 Date of birth: 10/03/1994 Place: Ho Chi Minh City Major: Petrochemical Engineering Major ID: 60520330 Title of thesis: THE PREPARATION OF NiO/SBA-15 CATALYST FOR METHANE REFORMING AND KINETICS Project: a To prepare NiO/SBA-15 catalyst by impregnation method with different contents of NiO b To characterize physicochemical properties of the prepared catalysts using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Temperature Programmed Reduction (TPR), Temperature Programed Desorption (TPD), Nitrogen Adsorption method (BET), Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) c To test activity of prepared catalysts for dry reforming of CH4 to define the most suitable catalyst among tested ones d To study kinetics for dry reforming of methane on the most suitable catalyst Start date: August 1st ,2018 Finish date: December 31st ,2018 Supervisor: Prof Dr Sc LUU CAM LOC The thesis was approved by Department of Petroleum Processing Ho Chi Minh City, February 20th, 2019 HEAD OF DEPARTMENT SUPERVISOR Dr Dao Thi Kim Thoa Prof Dr Sc Luu Cam Loc DEAN OF FACULTY OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING Prof Dr Phan Thanh Son Nam Master Thesis ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to express my gratitude to my supervisor Prof Dr Sc Luu Cam Loc for guiding and teaching me about my research It was impossible to be completed without her support By working with her, I have studied more knowledges and experiences to come a long way to be an academically better person I am so grateful to Dr Nguyen Tri, M Eng Phan Hong Phuong, M Eng Nguyen Phung Anh for supporting me with important suggestions and valuable advices that help me to control and carry out my experiment meticulously as well as teach me how to use laboratory equipment I would also like to thank to the Petro-chemistry and catalysts Department It was helpful to work with many motivated partners in the laboratory, such as Mr Tinh, Mr Trung, Ms Duong, Mr Duc… for hard time working together Thank you for considerable encouragement Ho Chi Minh City, 2018 Pham Minh Tai Pham Minh Tai Page i Master Thesis ABSTRACT This research concentrated on study on dry reforming of CH4 to define catalytic performance and kinetics research The NiO/SBA-15 catalysts with different contents of NiO were synthesized by impregnation method Several analysis techniques such as X-ray diffraction (XRD), Temperature Programmed Reduction (TPR), Nitrogen Adsorption method (BET), Temperature Programmed Desorption (TPD), Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) were used to characterize catalyst physicochemical properties The activity of catalysts for the dry reforming of CH4 was investigated in the temperature range of 550-800 oC, the volume ratio of CH4:CO2 = 1:1 with the volume concentration of CH4 in feed mixture was vol.% and a total flowrate of 6.0 L.h-1 The XRD result showed that the formation of NiO phrase increased the number of active sites contributing to a high activity of catalyst NiO/SBA-15 catalyst with 40 wt.% of NiO showed the highest catalytic performance among tested catalysts The conversion of CH4 and CO2 were approximately 95% and 87% respectively at 800 °C In addition, the selectivity of CO and H2 were over 90% respectively and the H2/CO ratio was 1.03 at these reaction conditions Kinetic research for dry reforming of CH4 on 40 wt.% NiO/SBA-15 catalyst was carried out by gradientless micro-flow circulating reaction system The influence of temperature, partial pressure of reactants (CH4, CO2) and products (H2, CO) were examined The reaction rate increased according to increasing of temperature ranging from 600 to 750 oC Investigation results showed that reaction rate increased with increasing the partial pressure of both the reactants (CH4, CO2) from 15 to 30 hPa In particular, the reaction rate was affected by partial pressure of CH4 higher than CO2 Increasing the partial pressure of the reactants could increase the effect of side reactions such as methane cracking and reverse Water Gas Shift (RWGS) reaction of CO2 On the contrary, increasing the partial pressure of products (H2, CO) from to 15 hPa, led to decrease in reaction rate This result demonstrated that the reaction rate was inhibited by H2 and CO, but this effect was negligible Pham Minh Tai Page iii Master Thesis The kinetic result was calculated from experimental data by “Solver” function of Excel application The kinetic equation of CH4 conversion on 40NiO/SBA-15 catalyst was given as below: r= Pham Minh Tai k1.PCH4 PCO2 (1+ k PCH4 + k PCO2 + k PCO + k PH2 ) Page iv Master Thesis PROTESTATION I certify that this is my own research project The results and the conclusions of this research are true and are made from my real experiments There is no copy, plagiarism from any previous references All references sources have been made and citations are cited If there is any fraudulent activity during the implementation research, I take full responsibility Author of research Pham Minh Tai Pham Minh Tai Page ii Master Thesis TABLE OF CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS i PROTESTATION ii ABSTRACT iii TABLE OF CONTENTS v LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS vii LIST OF FIGURES viii LIST OF TABLES xi CHAPTER : INTRODUCTION AND LITERATURE REVIEW 1.1 Natural gas resources in Vietnam 1.2 Synthesis gas 1.3 Dry reforming of methane .5 1.4 Catalyst for dry reforming of methane 1.4.1 Nickel metal 1.4.2 SBA-15 support 10 1.4.3 Nickel metal based on SBA-15 support catalyst 11 1.5 Kinetics research for dry reforming of methane 12 1.6 Objectives and scopes of research .25 CHAPTER : EXPERIMENTAL SECTION 26 2.1 Catalyst preparation .26 2.1.1 Material .26 2.1.2 Tool and equipment 26 2.1.3 Catalyst 26 2.1.4 Catalyst preparation procedure .26 2.2 Analytical methods 29 2.2.1 X-ray Diffraction (XRD) 29 2.2.2 Surface Area Measurement (BET) .31 2.2.3 Temperature Programmed Reduction (TPR) .35 2.2.4 Temperature Programmed Desorption (CO2 -TPD) .36 2.2.5 Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) 37 2.2.6 Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) 38 Pham Minh Tai Page v Master Thesis 2.3 Procedure for evaluation of catalyst performance and kinetics research of catalyst for dry reforming of methane .40 2.3.1 Schematic quark circulation system diagram .40 2.3.2 Examination the influence of diffusion to reaction 42 2.3.3 Examination reaction for testing catalytic activity and kinetic research 43 2.3.4 Testing catalytic performance of catalyst .43 2.3.5 Examination of reaction rate according to temperature, reactant, product 44 2.3.6 Analyze gas mixture and concentration of carbon dioxide 49 2.3.7 Data analysis 49 CHAPTER : RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS 53 3.1 Catalyst physicochemical properties 53 3.1.1 Crystalline structure of catalysts by XRD 53 3.1.2 Surface area and pore volume of the catalysts .54 3.1.3 Scanning electron microscope (SEM) of the catalysts 56 3.1.4 Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images 57 3.1.5 Characterization of reduction properties by H2-TPR 58 3.1.6 Result of adsorption and desorption of CO2 by TPD 59 3.2 Catalytic performance testing 61 3.2.1 Conversion of CH4, CO2 graph 62 3.2.2 CO, H2 selectivity and H2/CO ratio graph 64 3.3 Kinetics research on 40NiO/SBA-15 catalyst for dry reforming of methane .66 3.3.1 The influence of internal and external diffusion to reaction 66 3.3.2 The influence of temperature to reaction rate 67 3.3.3 The influence of partial pressure of CH4 to reaction rate .70 3.3.4 The influence of partial pressure of CO2 to reaction rate .74 3.3.5 The influence of partial pressure of CO to reaction rate 77 3.3.6 The influence of partial pressure of H2 to reaction rate .80 CHAPTER CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION 87 4.1 Conclusion 87 4.2 Recommendation 88 REFERENCES 89 APPENDIX 97 Pham Minh Tai Page vi Master Thesis LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS XRD : X-ray diffraction TPR : Temperature Programed Reduction TPD : Temperature Programed Desorption GC : Gas Chromatography FID : Flame ionization detector TCD : Thermal conductivity detector BET : Brunauer - Emmett – Teller (surface area mesurement) SEM : Scanning Electron Microscope TEM : Transmission Electron Microscopy Syngas : Synthesis gas F-T : Fisher-Tropsch GTL : Gas to liquid WGS : Water Gas Shift RWGS : Reverse Water Gas Shift Pham Minh Tai Page vii Master Thesis References [24] I Luisetto, S Tuti, and E J i j o h e Di Bartolomeo, "Co and Ni supported on CeO2 as selective bimetallic catalyst for dry reforming of methane," vol 37, no 21, pp 15992-15999, 2012 [25] O Yamazaki, T Nozaki, K Omata, and K J C l Fujimoto, "Reduction of carbon dioxide by methane with Ni-on-MgO-CaO containing catalysts," vol 21, no 10, pp 1953-1954, 1992 [26] J A Montoya, E Romero-Pascual, C Gimon, P Del Angel, and A J C T Monzon, "Methane reforming with CO2 over Ni/ZrO2–CeO2 catalysts prepared by sol– gel," vol 63, no 1, pp 71-85, 2000 [27] Y Wu, O Kawaguchi, and T J B o t C S o J Matsuda, "Catalytic reforming of methane with carbon dioxide on LaBO3 (B= Co, Ni, Fe, Cr) catalysts," vol 71, no 3, pp 563-572, 1998 [28] J W Nam, H Chae, S H Lee, H Jung, and K Y Lee, "Methane dry reforming over well-dispersed Ni catalyst prepared from perovskite-type mixed oxides," Studies in surface science and catalysis, vol 119, pp 843-848, 1998 [29] V W C A Bhattacharyya, in: B Delmon, G.F Froment (Eds.), "Catalyst deactivation," Stud Surf Sci Catal 88, 1994 [30] A I Tsyganok, T Tsunoda, S Hamakawa, K Suzuki, K Takehira, and T Hayakawa, "Dry reforming of methane over catalysts derived from nickel-containing Mg–Al layered double hydroxides," Journal of Catalysis, vol 213, no 2, pp 191-203, 2003 [31] T Shishido, M Sukenobu, H Morioka, R Furukawa, H Shirahase, and K J C l Takehira, "CO2 reforming of CH4 over Ni/Mg–Al oxide catalysts prepared by solid phase crystallization method from Mg–Al hydrotalcite-like precursors," vol 73, no 1, pp 21-26, 2001 [32] A M Gadalla and B J C E S Bower, "The role of catalyst support on the activity of nickel for reforming methane with CO2," vol 43, no 11, pp 3049-3062, 1988 [33] N Laosiripojana and S Assabumrungrat, "Catalytic dry reforming of methane over high surface area ceria," Applied Catalysis B: Environmental, vol 60, no 1-2, pp 107-116, 2005 [34] P Aguiar, E Ramirez-Cabrera, N Laosiripojana, A Atkinson, L Kershenbaum, and D Chadwick, "84 Oxide catalysts in indirect internal steam reforming of methane Pham Minh Tai Page 91 Master Thesis References in SOFC," in Studies in Surface Science and Catalysis, vol 145: Elsevier, 2003, pp 387-390 [35] S W Ho and Y S Su, "Effects of Ethanol Impregnation on the Catalytic Properties of Silica‐Supported Cobalt Catalysts," Journal of the Chinese Chemical Society, vol 44, no 6, pp 591-596, 1997 [36] P Munnik et al., "Copper nitrate redispersion to arrive at highly active silicasupported copper catalysts," The Journal of Physical Chemistry C, vol 115, no 30, pp 14698-14706, 2011 [37] J Chen, Y Zhang, L Tan, Y J I Zhang, and E C Research, "A simple method for preparing the highly dispersed supported Co3O4 on silica support," vol 50, no 7, pp 4212-4215, 2011 [38] P Wu, X Li, S Ji, B Lang, F Habimana, and C Li, "Steam reforming of methane to hydrogen over Ni-based metal monolith catalysts," Catalysis Today, vol 146, no 1-2, pp 82-86, 2009 [39] D Zhao et al., "Triblock copolymer syntheses of mesoporous silica with periodic 50 to 300 angstrom pores," science, vol 279, no 5350, pp 548-552, 1998 [40] W Zhao, J Gu, L Zhang, H Chen, and J Shi, "Fabrication of uniform magnetic nanocomposite spheres with a magnetic core/mesoporous silica shell structure," Journal of the American Chemical Society, vol 127, no 25, pp 8916-8917, 2005 [41] P Wu, X Li, S Ji, B Lang, F Habimana, and C J C T Li, "Steam reforming of methane to hydrogen over Ni-based metal monolith catalysts," vol 146, no 1-2, pp 82-86, 2009 [42] X Liu et al., "Synthesis of large pore-diameter SBA-15 mesostructured spherical silica and its application in ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography," Journal of Chromatography A, vol 1216, no 45, pp 7767-7773, 2009 [43] M I B OTHMAN, "Carbon dioxide (CO2) reforming of methane to syngas over NI/SBA-15 catalyst," Universiti Malaysia Pahang, 2014 [44] H Setiabudi, K Lim, N Ainirazali, S Chin, and N J J o M Kamarudin, "CO2 reforming of CH4 over Ni/SBA-15: Influence of Ni loading on the metal-support interaction and catalytic activity," vol 8, no 2, pp 573-581, 2017 [45] S Qiu, X Zhang, Q Liu, T Wang, Q Zhang, and L Ma, "A simple method to prepare highly active and dispersed Ni/MCM-41 catalysts by co-impregnation," Catalysis Communications, vol 42, pp 73-78, 2013 Pham Minh Tai Page 92 Master Thesis References [46] W Yang, H Liu, Y Li, H Wu, and D J i j o h e He, "CO2 reforming of methane to syngas over highly-stable Ni/SBA-15 catalysts prepared by P123-assisted method," vol 41, no 3, pp 1513-1523, 2016 [47] H Liu, Y Li, H Wu, H Takayama, T Miyake, and D He, "Effects of βcyclodextrin modification on properties of Ni/SBA-15 and its catalytic performance in carbon dioxide reforming of methane," Catalysis Communications, vol 28, pp 168-173, 2012 [48] T Huang, W Huang, J Huang, and P Ji, "Methane reforming reaction with carbon dioxide over SBA-15 supported Ni–Mo bimetallic catalysts," Fuel processing technology, vol 92, no 10, pp 1868-1875, 2011 [49] Z Taherian, M Yousefpour, M Tajally, and B Khoshandam, "Promotional effect of samarium on the activity and stability of Ni-SBA-15 catalysts in dry reforming of methane," Microporous and Mesoporous Materials, vol 251, pp 9-18, 2017 [50] A S Al-Fatesh, A H Fakeeha, and A E J I J o P S Abasaeed, "Effects of promoters on methane dry reforming over Ni catalyst on a mixed (a-Al2O3+ TiO2-P25) support," vol 6, no 36, pp 8083-8092, 2011 [51] S Wang, G Lu, G J J E Millar, and fuels, "Carbon dioxide reforming of methane to produce synthesis gas over metal-supported catalysts: state of the art," vol 10, no 4, pp 896-904, 1996 [52] K Hou and R J C E J Hughes, "The kinetics of methane steam reforming over a Ni/α-Al2O3 catalyst," vol 82, no 1-3, pp 311-328, 2001 [53] A Erdohelyi, J Cserényi, and F J J o C Solymosi, "Activation of CH4 and its reaction with CO2 over supported Rh catalysts," vol 141, no 1, pp 287-299, 1993 [54] C Ji, L Gong, J Zhang, and K J J o N G C Shi, "A Study on the Kinetics of the Catalytic Reforming Reaction of CH4 with CO2: Determination of the Reaction Order," vol 12, no 3, pp 201-204, 2003 [55] Y Li, Y Wang, X Zhang, and Z J I J o H E Mi, "Thermodynamic analysis of autothermal steam and CO2 reforming of methane," vol 33, no 10, pp 2507-2514, 2008 [56] A Takano, T Tagawa, and S J J o c e o J Goto, "Carbon dioxide reforming of methane on supported nickel catalysts," vol 27, no 6, pp 727-731, 1994 Pham Minh Tai Page 93 Master Thesis References [57] R Craciun, B Shereck, and R J Gorte, "Kinetic studies of methane steam reforming on ceria-supported Pd," (in English), Catalysis Letters, vol 51, no 3-4, pp 149-153, 1998/05/01 1998 [58] M C Bradford and M A J A C A G Vannice, "Catalytic reforming of methane with carbon dioxide over nickel catalysts II Reaction kinetics," vol 142, no 1, pp 97-122, 1996 [59] M C Bradford and M A J J o C Vannice, "CO2 reforming of CH4 over supported Pt catalysts," vol 173, no 1, pp 157-171, 1998 [60] M C J Bradford and M A Vannice, "Catalytic reforming of methane with carbon dioxide over nickel catalysts II Reaction kinetics," Applied Catalysis A: General, vol 142, no 1, pp 97-122, 8/1/ 1996 [61] L M Aparicio, "Transient Isotopic Studies and Microkinetic Modeling of Methane Reforming over Nickel Catalysts," Journal of Catalysis, vol 165, no 2, pp 262-274, 1/15/ 1997 [62] Z Zhang and X E J J o t C S Verykios, Chemical Communications, "A stable and active nickel-based catalyst for carbon dioxide reforming of methane to synthesis gas," no 1, pp 71-72, 1995 [63] Z Zhang, X E Verykios, S M MacDonald, and S J T J o P C Affrossman, "Comparative study of carbon dioxide reforming of methane to synthesis gas over Ni/La2O3 and conventional nickel-based catalysts," vol 100, no 2, pp 744-754, 1996 [64] Z Zhang and X E J A C A G Verykios, "Carbon dioxide reforming of methane to synthesis gas over Ni/La2O3 catalysts," vol 138, no 1, pp 109-133, 1996 [65] Z Zhang and X E J C l Verykios, "Mechanistic aspects of carbon dioxide reforming of methane to synthesis gas over Ni catalysts," vol 38, no 3-4, pp 175-179, 1996 [66] Z Zhang and X E Verykios, "A stable and active nickel-based catalyst for carbon dioxide reforming of methane to synthesis gas," Journal of the Chemical Society, Chemical Communications, 10.1039/C39950000071 no 1, pp 71-72, 1995 [67] V Tsipouriari and X J J o C Verykios, "Carbon and oxygen reaction pathways of CO2 reforming of methane over Ni/La2O3 and Ni/Al2O3 catalysts studied by isotopic tracing techniques," vol 187, no 1, pp 85-94, 1999 Pham Minh Tai Page 94 Master Thesis References [68] V A Tsipouriari and X E J C T Verykios, "Kinetic study of the catalytic reforming of methane with carbon dioxide to synthesis gas over Ni/La2O3 catalyst," vol 64, no 1-2, pp 83-90, 2001 [69] A Nandini, K Pant, and S J A C A G Dhingra, "Kinetic study of the catalytic carbon dioxide reforming of methane to synthesis gas over Ni-K/CeO2-Al2O3 catalyst," vol 308, pp 119-127, 2006 [70] T Osaki, H Masuda, and T J C l Mori, "Intermediate hydrocarbon species for the CO2-CH4 reaction on supported Ni catalysts," vol 29, no 1-2, pp 33-37, 1994 [71] F Solymosi, G Kutsan, and A J C L Erdöhelyi, "Catalytic reaction of CH with CO over alumina-supported Pt metals," vol 11, no 2, pp 149-156, 1991 [72] F Solymosi and J J C t Cserényi, "Decomposition of CH4 over supported Ir catalysts," vol 21, no 2-3, pp 561-569, 1994 [73] J Richardson and S J A C Paripatyadar, "Carbon dioxide reforming of methane with supported rhodium," vol 61, no 1, pp 293-309, 1990 [74] Z Zhang and X J C T Verykios, "Carbon dioxide reforming of methane to synthesis gas over supported Ni catalysts," vol 21, no 2-3, pp 589-595, 1994 [75] S Wang and G M Lu, "Reaction kinetics and deactivation of Ni-based catalysts in CO2 reforming of methane," in Reaction Engineering for Pollution Prevention: Elsevier, 2000, pp 75-84 [76] S L Kiperman, "Introduction to the heterogeneous catalytic reactions kinetics," 1964 (Russian) Sciences Pulisher, Moscow 22 2 [77] M I Temkin, "RELAXATION RATE OF A 2-STAGE CATALYTIC REACTION," vol 17, no 5, pp 945-949, 1976 [78] D Zhao et al., "Triblock copolymer syntheses of mesoporous silica with periodic 50 to 300 angstrom pores," vol 279, no 5350, pp 548-552, 1998 [79] A Katiyar, S Yadav, P G Smirniotis, and N G J J o C A Pinto, "Synthesis of ordered large pore SBA-15 spherical particles for adsorption of biomolecules," vol 1122, no 1-2, pp 13-20, 2006 [80] P H Phuong, L C Loc, H T Cuong, and N J M T Tri, "Effect of NiO Loading and Thermal Treatment Duration on Performance of Ni/SBA-15 Catalyst in Combined Steam and CO2 Reforming of CH4," vol 59, no 12, pp 1898-1902, 2018 Pham Minh Tai Page 95 Master Thesis References [81] C Li, S.-F Fu, H Zhang, and Q J J o t C S Xin, Chemical Communications, "An infrared spectroscopic study on the Lewis base properties of metal oxides by using a novel probe molecule: boric acid trimethyl ester," no 1, pp 17-18, 1994 [82] D Zhang et al., "Synthesis of CeO2 nanorods via ultrasonication assisted by polyethylene glycol," vol 46, no 7, pp 2446-2451, 2007 [83] A G Gil, Z Wu, D Chadwick, and K J A C A G Li, "Ni/SBA-15 Catalysts for combined steam methane reforming and water gas shift—Prepared for use in catalytic membrane reactors," vol 506, pp 188-196, 2015 [84] W.-H Zhang et al., "Direct synthesis and characterization of titanium-substituted mesoporous molecular sieve SBA-15," vol 14, no 8, pp 3413-3421, 2002 [85] D Li et al., "Ceria-promoted Ni/SBA-15 catalysts for ethanol steam reforming with enhanced activity and resistance to deactivation," vol 176, pp 532-541, 2015 [86] L C Lộc, "Động học phản ứng xúc tác," NXB Đại học Quốc gia TP Hồ Chí Minh, TP Hồ Chí Minh, 2017, 494 trang, ISBN:978-604-73-5424-5 [87] S Wang et al., "Morphology control of ceria nanocrystals for catalytic conversion of CO2 with methanol," vol 5, no 12, pp 5582-5588, 2013 [88] A A Lemonidou and I A J A C A G Vasalos, "Carbon dioxide reforming of methane over wt.% Ni/CaO-Al2O3 catalyst," vol 228, no 1-2, pp 227-235, 2002 [89] Z Bao, Y Lu, and F J A J Yu, "Kinetic study of methane reforming with carbon dioxide over NiCeMgAl bimodal pore catalyst," vol 63, no 6, pp 2019-2029, 2017 [90] N Gokon, Y Osawa, D Nakazawa, T Hatamachi, and T Kodama, "Kinetics of CO2 reforming of methane by catalytically activated metallic foam absorber for solar receiver-reactors," in ASME 2008 2nd International Conference on Energy Sustainability collocated with the Heat Transfer, Fluids Engineering, and 3rd Energy Nanotechnology Conferences, 2008, pp 371-383: American Society of Mechanical Engineers [91] J Hagen, Industrial catalysis: a practical approach John Wiley & Sons, 2015 Pham Minh Tai Page 96 Master Thesis Appendix APPENDIX Appendix 1: Results of surface area measuring by BET Pham Minh Tai Page 97 Master Thesis Pham Minh Tai Appendix Page 98 Master Thesis Pham Minh Tai Appendix Page 99 Master Thesis Appendix Appendix 2: Results of pore diameter measurement Pham Minh Tai Page 100 Master Thesis Appendix Pham Minh Tai Page 101 Master Thesis Appendix Pham Minh Tai Page 102 Master Thesis Appendix Appendix 3: XRD pattern Pham Minh Tai Page 103 Master Thesis Appendix Pham Minh Tai Page 104 Master Thesis LÝ LỊCH TRÍCH NGANG I LÝ LỊCH SƠ LƯỢC: Họ tên: PHẠM MINH TÀI Giới tính: Nam Ngày, tháng, năm sinh: 10/03/1994 Nơi sinh: Tp Hồ Chí Minh Email: phamminhtai.1003@gmail.com Điện thoại: 083 323 0918 II Q TRÌNH ĐÀO TẠO: Thời gian Trình độ Nơi đào tạo Chuyên ngành 09/2012 − Đại học 12/2016 Trường Đại học Bách khoa Kỹ thuật Hoá học Tp Hồ Chí Minh Cao học Trường Đại học Bách khoa Kỹ thuật Hố dầu Tp Hồ Chí Minh 09/2017 đến III Q TRÌNH CƠNG TÁC: Thời gian Chức vụ 02/2017 − Nhân viên 09/2018 Nơi làm việc Công việc Công ty TNHH Hyosung Quản lý sản xuất Việt Nam TP HCM, ngày 31 tháng 12 năm 2018 Người khai Phạm Minh Tài Pham Minh Tai Page 105 ... Figure 1.3 Mechanism of Sm/Ni-SBA -15 catalyst 1.5 Kinetics research for dry reforming of methane Kinetics research of dry reforming of CH4 has been studied for many years Reforming of CH4 was a complicated... during steam reforming This leads to high energy costs and very expensive Another disadvantage of the dry reforming of CH4 process is the significant formation of coke on the surface of the catalyst. .. on the dispersion and presence of the Ni metal center, the formation of coke along with the increase in the diameter size of the Ni particles The most commonly used support for dry reforming of