past perfect

to describe a completed action before a certain time/ an event in the past.. * time adverbials in the Past Perfect:.[r]

SIMPLE PAST OR PAST PERFECT

Simple past Past perfect

S + V (ed/II) S + had + PP

-to describe an action in the past taking place once, never or several times

 yesterday, yesterday morning/ afternoon

 last + time ( last year/ night/ Saturday )

 time + ago ( two minutes ago/ one year ago )



to describe a completed action before a certain time/ an event in the past

* time adverbials in the Past Perfect:

after, before, already, as soon as, just, yet, until, till, by the time that.; before/ by 1990

actions in the past taking place one

after the other sometimes interchangeable with past perfect progressive

Conditional II Conditional III

action in the past taking place in the middle of another

puts emphasis only on the fact (not the duration or course of the action)

SIMPLE PAST OR PAST PERFECT

1 I did not have any money because I (lose)……… my wallet

2 Tony knew Istanbul so well because he (visit)……… the city several times ( Susan/ ever study)……… Thai before she moved to Thailand?

4 She only understood the movie because she ( read)……… the book Kristine (never /be)……… to an opera before last night

6 We were not able to get a hotel room because we (not /book)……… in advance A: (you/ ever visit)……… the U.S before your trip in 2006?

B: Yes, I ( be)……… to the U.S once before She ( just /leave)……… when he arrived

9 They (just /turn)……… on the TV when the electricity is out

10.When he (wake up)………, his mother (already /prepare)……… breakfast

11.We (go)……… to London because the Queen ( invite)……… us for tea 12.He (hear)……… the news, (go)……… to the telephone and (call)

13.When she started to learn English, she (already/ learn)……… French

14.Jane (already/ type)……… ten pages when her computer ( crash)……… 15.By the time he (arrive)……… at the pub, they had run out of beer

16.Before that day we (never/ think)……… of going to Japan

17.I ( know)……… him for a long time before I (meet)……… his family 18.They (not/ know) where to meet because nobody ( tell)……… them

19.It (be)……… cloudy for days before it finally (begin)……… to rain 20.After Fred ( spent )………his holiday in Italy he (want)……… to learn

Italian

21 Jill had phoned Dad at work before she left for her trip 22.Susan turned on the radio after she had washed the dishes 23 When she arrived the match had already started

24.After the man had come home he fed the cat 25.Before he sang a song he had played the guitar

26.She watched a video after the children had gone to bed 27.After Eric had made breakfast he phoned his friend 28.I was very tired because I had studied too much

29.They had ridden their bikes before they met their friends 30 When we arrived, the concert ( already/ finish)……… 31 It (get)……… worse before it got better

32 By the time I watched my favorite program, I (drink)……… a cup of beer 33 If I (not take)……… my keys from the drawer, I wouldn’t be able to get into my

house

34 My mum asked me whether I (visit)……… grandma the previous day 35 By the time I (get)……… to the market, most of the stalls ( already/ be)

……… closed

36 I wish I (take)……… more food with me

37 I (didn’t recognize / hadn’t recognized )Mai, because she (cut / had cut ) her hair very short

39 Jame (didn’t play / hadn’t played ) in the game on Saturday because she (hurt / had hurt ) her arm

40 When I (looked / had looked ) in all my pockets for my keys, I (started / had started ) to get very worried

41 Linh (never travelled / had never travelled ) by train before she (went / had gone) to Paris

42 I (arrived / had arrived ) at the shop at 5.30, but it (already closed / had already closed) 43 I (didn’t have / hadn’t have ) much money after I (paid / had paid ) all my bills last week 44 I couldn’t get in because I (had forgotten / forgot ) my keys

45 Ann wasn’t at home Where(did she go / had she gone ) ?

46 Bill (not tell) anybody how he (get) into the house

47 Tam (go) to China last week Before that, she (never be) outside Viet Nam

48 When the mother (get) home, the children (eat) all the sweets 49 I (tell) Bob I couldn’t go to the theatre, but he (already buy ) tickets 50 They gave me some money back because I (paid / had paid ) too much

Put the verbs in brackets in the past simple or the past perfect tense. 1/ They (go) home after they (finish) their work 2/ He (do) _ nothing before he (see) _ me

3/ He (thank) me for what I (do) for him 4/ I (be) sorry that I (hurt) him

5/ After they (go) , I (sit) down and (rest) 6/ When I (arrive) _, the dinner (already, begin) 7/ My friend (not see) _ me for many years when I (meet) _ last week 8/ He (learn) English before he (leave) for England 9/ In England, he soon (remember) all he (learn) 10/ They (tell) him they (not meet) him before 11/ He (ask) why we (come) so early

12/ She (say) that she (already, see) _ Dr Rice 13/ By the time Bill (get) there, the meeting (start)