Words such as breakfast, lunch, dinner, school, church, home, college, work….. - with article → to restrict the meaning.[r]
(1)(2)(3)* Exercise 1: Choose the appropriate prepositions
1 Luckily, you are in / on time for the meeting.
2 Many people are dying of / by various types of cancer.
3 I will not be here next week I am going to be on / in business in Mexico. 4 At / In the end of the book, they get married and live happily ever after. 5 Thank you for everything you’ve done You are a true friend of / to me. 6 I can’t believe in / to you You always let me down.
7 I have warned you on / about the difficulties you have to face when applying for the job.
8 Britney Spears is famous by / for her beautiful face and sweet voice. 9 The bookshop is among / between the chemist’s and the butcher’s and across / opposite the library.
10 Next year, I am going to get married to / with John and we are going to move to Bristol.
(4)in time for + noun on time
1. He is always in time for class.
He always go to class on time.
2. die of a disease
3. on business = to go on business in business = being a businessman in the end = finally
at the end of + noun
a true friend of mine = a true friend of my friends a true friend to me
4.
(5)believe in 6.
7. warn someone about sth 8. famous for
among a group of people / things
between two people / things / places 9.
opposite = across from opposite ≠ across
(6)(7)ARTICLES I Indefinite articles:
- a / an can precede only singular nouns
- a / an can be used to introduce a subject which has not been previously mentioned
Ex: A baseball is round (means all baseball)
I saw a boy in the street (We don’t know which boy)
* Confusing spelling:
a
a anan
European, eucalyptus European, eucalyptus uniform, university, uniform, university, united, union united, union
hour, heir, herbal, honor, hour, heir, herbal, honor, * Spelling: - a before consonants Ex: a cat, a watch
(8)ARTICLES II Definite articles:
- the is used to indicate sth that we already know about or sth that is common knowledge
Ex: The boy in the corner is my friend. The earth is round.
1 Uncountable nouns:
- without “the” → general
Ex: Sugar is sweet.
- with “the” → in specific terms
(9)2 Plural countable nouns:
- without “the” → everything in a certain class
Ex: Oranges are green until they are ripen.
3 Words such as breakfast, lunch, dinner, school, church, home, college, work…
- with article → to restrict the meaning
(10)Use “the”
Use “the” Don’t use “the”Don’t use “the”
* How to use “the”
1 oceans, rivers, seas, gulfs, plural lakes
the Atlantic, the Red sea, the Great Lakes
1 singular lakes
lake Erie
2 mountains 2 mounts
the Rocky Mount Everest
3 the sun / moon / earth 3 planets: Venus, Mars 4 countries with more
than one words
4 countries with only one words
(11)Use “the”
Use “the” Don’t use “the”Don’t use “the”
* How to use “the”
5 the + school + name
the University of Florida
5 name + school
Florida University
6 musical equipment 6 sports
the piano, the violin football, tennis
7 the + ordinal number + n. 7 cardinal number + noun
the first chapter chapter one
8 continents, states
Europe, Asia,
Ohio, Florida, California
8 ethnic group
(12)Use “the”
Use “the” Don’t use “the”Don’t use “the”
* How to use “the”
9 abstract nouns
freedom, happiness
10 subject matter
mathematics, sociology
11 holidays
(13)* Exercise 2: Complete the sentences with the correct articles: a / an / the / Ø
1 We went by _ to the west of England.
2 _ people who live in _ Scotland are called _ Scots. 3 _ Columbus was one of _ first people to cross _ Atlantic.
4 Davis learned to play _ violin when he was at _ university. 5 Did you read _ book I lent you _ last week?
6 Is that _ present Bill gave you for _ Christmas.
7 _ computer has already changed _ our life dramatically. 8 There was _ accident yesterday at _ corner of _ street. 9 I need _ time to think about _ offer you gave me.
10 _ little knowledge is _ dangerous thing.
Ø
a an
Ø Ø
Ø the the
(14)HOMEWORK
- Learn by heart grammar note