Cách dùng mạo từ

My friends live in… an ….old house in… a …small village.. This house is very nice.[r]

CHUYÊN ĐỀ LUYỆN THI TỐT NGHIỆP THPT VÀ TUYỂN SINH ĐẠI HỌC, CAO ĐẲNG 2009

MÔN: TIẾNG ANH

BIÊN SOẠN: NGUYỄN THỊ TÂM - GIÁO VIÊN HOCMAI.VN CHUYÊN ĐỀ: CÁCH DÙNG MẠO TỪ “A/AN” VÀ “THE” I MỤC ĐÍCH CHUYÊN ĐỀ

Chuyên đề giúp học sinh biết cách sử dụng cách xác mạo từ “a, an, the” tiếng Anh

II KIẾN THỨC CƠ BẢN

1. Cách dùng mạo từ bất định “a/an”

Dùng “an” trước danh từ bắt đầu nguyên âm: e, a, i, u, o Dùng a/an trường hợp sau:

ƒ Trước vật, việc kểđến lần I live in a house near a shop

She has two children: a son and a daughter ƒ Chỉ nghề nghiệp:

I’m a student My brother is an architect

ƒ Trong cụm từ/ từ lượng: a pair of/ a little/ a few/… ƒ Dùng câu cảm thán: what a + noun

What a beautiful flower! What a great party! ƒ Có nghĩa “một”:

There is a pen on the table

2. Cách dùng mạo từ xác định “the”

Dùng “the” trường hợp sau:

ƒ Sự vật, việc kểđến lần thứ hai

I live in a house The house is very nice

She has two children: a son and a daughter The son is a pupil The daughter is very small

The rich: người giầu The poor: người nghèo

The young: người trẻ tuổi……

ƒ Trước từ biển, sông, khách sạn, quán bar, tên ban nhạc, tên dãy núi

Ví dụ: the Nile, the Huong Giang hotel, the Mekong river, the Himalaya, the westlife, the Backstreetboy…

ƒ Chỉ quốc tịch: the Vietnamese, the Chinese……

ƒ Trước tên tập hợp nhiều bang, nhiều nước: the Asian , the United Nations, the United States…

ƒ Trước danh từ, với điều kiện danh từ xác định cụm từ mệnh đề

Ví dụ:

The girl in uniform (Cô gái mặc đồng phục)

The mechanic that I met (Người thợ máy mà gặp) The place where I waited for him (Nơi mà đợi anh ta) ƒ Trước so sánh cao nhất, trước first (thứ nhất), second (thứ nhì), only

(duy nhất) từ dùng tính từ hay đại từ Ví dụ:

The first day (ngày đầu tiên)

The best time (thời gian thuận tiện nhất) The only way (cách nhất)

The first to discover this accident (người phát tai nạn này)

ƒ The + họ (ở số nhiều) nghĩa Gia đình

Ví dụ:The Smiths = Gia đình Smith (vợ chồng Smith con)

3. Các trường hợp không dùng “the”

ƒ Trước danh từđếm được, danh từ khơng đếm nói chung Books are good friends

Milk is good for you

ƒ Trước tên quốc gia, tên châu lục, tên núi, tên hồ, tên đường Ví dụ:

Europe (Châu Âu), South America (Nam Mỹ), France (Pháp quốc), Downing Street (Phố Downing)

Ví dụ:

Men fear death (Con người sợ chết) Nhưng:

The death of the President made his country acephalous ƒ Trước tên gọi bữa ăn

Ví dụ:

They invited some friends to dinner (Họ mời vài người bạn đến ăn tối) Nhưng:

The wedding breakfast was held in a beautiful garden (Bữa tiệc cưới tổ chức khu vườn xinh đẹp) ƒ Trước tước hiệu

Ví dụ:

President Roosevelt (Tổng thống Roosevelt)

King Louis XIV of France (Vua Louis XIV Pháp)

ƒ Trước số danh từ tên nước, đường phố, thị xã, ngôn ngữ, sân bay, nhà ga, bữa ăn, núi

England is a large country

I live in hanoi My house is in Quang Trung street They live near Noi Bai airport

Everest is the highest mountain in the world ƒ So sánh trường hợp sau:

In the church: đến nhà thờ (để chơi gặp mặt ai)

In church: cầu kinh At/in the school/university/college:

đi đến trường

At/in/to

school/university/college: học sinh, sinh viên trường

III CỦNG CỐ KIẾN THỨC

Bài tập 1: Chọn đáp án đúng:

1 I’m afraid of dogs/the dogs Can you pass the salt/salt, please? Apples/the apples are good for you

6 I don’t drink tea/the tea I don’t like it

7 We had a very nice meal Vegetables/ the vegetables were especially good Life/the life is strange sometimes Some very strange things happen

9 I like skiing/the skiing But I’m not good at it 10 Who are people/the people in this photograph?

11 What makes people/the people violent? What causes aggression/the aggression? 12 All books/all the books on the top shelf belong to me

13 First world war/ the first world war lasted from 1914 until 1918 14 One of our biggest problems is unemployment/the unemployment

Bài tập 2: Điền a/an hoặc the:

1 This morning I bought….newspaper and …….magazine …….newspaper is in my bag but I don’t know where I put… magazine

2 I saw ……accident this morning ……car crashed into … tree ………driver of ……car wasn’t hurt but … car was badly damaged

3 There are two cars parked outside:…… blue one and …….grey one …… blue one belongs to my neighbors I don’t know who … owner of… grey one is My friends live in…….old house in……small village There is …….beautiful garden behind …… house I would like to have……garden like this

5 This house is very nice Has it got …….garden? It’s a beautiful day Let’s sit in…… garden Can you recommend …… good restaurant?

8 We had dinner in…….most expensive restaurant in town

9 There isn’t ……….airport near where I live …….nearest airport is 70 miles away 10 “Are you going away next week?” - “No, … week after next”

Đáp án: Bài 1:

1 dogs the salt apples

4 the apples women, men tea

7 the vegetables life skiing 10 the people 11 people, aggression 12 All the books

13 The first world war 14 unemployment Bài 2:

1 This morning I bought…a….newspaper and a magazine

…The……driver of …a…car wasn’t hurt but …the car was badly damaged there are two cars parked outside:…a… blue one and …a….grey one …the… blue one belongs to my neighbors I don’t know who …the owner of…the grey one is

4 My friends live in…an….old house in…a…small village There is …a….beautiful garden behind …the… house I would like to

have…a…garden like this

5 This house is very nice Has it got …a….garden? It’s a beautiful day Let’s sit in…the… garden Can you recommend …a… good restaurant?

8 We had dinner in…the….most expensive restaurant in town

9 There isn’t …an…….airport near where I live …the….nearest airport is 70 miles away

10 “Are you going away next week?” - “No, the… week after next” IV LUYỆN TẬP

Bài tập 1: Hoàn thành câu dưới đây sử dụng một giới từ một từ

dưới đây.(có thể sử dụng từ nhiều hơn một lần)

Bed, home, hospital, prison, school, university, work

1 Two people were injured in the accident and were taken ………… In Britain, children from the age of five have to go……… Mark didn’t go out last night He stayed……… I’ll have to hurry I don’t want to be late………

5 There is a lot of traffic in the morning when everybody is going……… Cathy’s mother has just had an operation She is still………

7 When Julia leaves school, she wants to study economics………

8 Bill never gets up before o’clock It’s 8.30 now, so he is still……… If you commit a serious crime, you could be sent………

Bài tập 2: Điền một mạo từ thích hợp vào mỗi chỗ trống sau:

1 This is beautiful painting Does artist live near here?

2 I bought new toothbrush his morning and I can't find it I'm sure I put it in bathroom

4 It's very nice school and teachers are all very hard-working

5 "Look! There's cat in garden." "Yes, it's cat from next door." There's man at door He wants to see you

7 We stayed in very nice hotel .room was comfortable and food was excellent

8 I bought new jacket last week but yesterday two of buttons came off I'm taking it back to shop

9 I had bath this morning but water was a bit cold 10 I was at airport, waiting for friend to arrive

danh từ / từ Dùng câu cả i tính từ