Advise/ allow/ permit/ recommend + object + to V: Khuyên/cho phép/ đề ngh ị ai làm gì.. He advised me to apply at once.[r]
(1)CHUYÊN ĐỀ LUYỆN THI TỐT NGHIỆP THPT
VÀ LUYỆN THI ĐẠI HỌC, CAO ĐẲNG 2009
Môn: TIẾNG ANH
Chuyên đề: THE GERUND AND THE INFINITIVE
I
MỤC ĐÍCH CHUYÊN ĐỀ
- Cung cấp cho học sinh cách sử dụng xác cấu trúc câu hai động từđi
- Giúp học sinh làm dạng chia động từ cách dạng hiểu khác cách dùng động từ nguyên thể động từđuôi -ing
II
KIẾN THỨC CƠ BẢN
1. The gerund (động từđuôi -ing) 1.1. Cách sử dụng
Là chủ ngữ câu: dancing bored him Bổ ngữ động từ: her hobby is painting Là bổ ngữ: seeing is believing
Sau giới từ: he was accused of smuggling Sau vài động từ: avoid, mind, enjoy 1.2. Một số cách dùng đặc biệt
a Verb + V-ing
Những động từ sau theo sau V-ing: admit, avoid, delay, enjoy, excuse, consider, deny, finish, imagine, forgive, keep, mind, miss, postpone, practise, resist, risk, stop, remember, forget, regret, suggest, like, propose, detest, dread, resent, pardon, try, fancy.
Ví dụ: He admitted taking the money
Would you consider selling the property? He kept complaining
He didn’t want to risk getting wet
Chú ý: the gerund cũng theo sau cụm từ can’t stand (=endure), can’t help (=prevent/ avoid), it’s no use/good, there is no point in (chẳng có ích …)
Ví dụ: I couldn’t help laughing It’s no use arguing
(2) Cấu trúc sử dụng với động từ như: dislike, resent, object, excuse, forgive, pardon, prevent.
Ví dụ: Forgive my/me ringing you up so early He disliked me/my working late
He resented my/me being promoted before him c Verb + pronoun + preposition + V-ing
Cấu trúc dùng với động từ như: forgive, prevent, stop, excuse.
Ví dụ: You can’t prevent him from spending his own money 2. The infinitive(động từ nguyên thể)
2.1. Verb + the infinitive
Những động từ sau theo sau trực tiếp the infinitive: Agree, appear, arrange, attempt, ask, decide, determine, be determined, fail, endeavour, forget, happen, hope, learn, manage, offer, plan, prepare, promise, prove, refuse, remember, seem, tend, threaten, try, volunteer expect, want, mean
Ví dụ: She agreed to pay $50
Two men failed to return from the expedition The tenants refused to leave
She volunteered to help the disabled He learnt to look after himself
2.2. Verb + how/what/when/where/ which/why + infinitive
Những động từ sử dụng công thức ask, decide, discover, find out, forget, know, learn, remember, see, show + object, think, understand, want to know, wonder.
Ví dụ: He discovered how to open the safe I found out where to buy fruit cheaply She couldn’t think what to say
I showed her which button to press 2.3. Verb + object + the infinitive
Những động từ theo công thức advise, allow, enable, encourage, forbid, force, hear, instruct, invite, let, order, permit, persuade, request, remind, see, train, teach how, urge, warn, tempt.
Ví dụ: These glasses will enable you to see in the dark She encouraged me to try again
(3)2.4. Assume, believe, consider, feel, know, suppose, understand + (object) + to be
I consider him to be the best candidate (= He is considered to be the best candidate) He is known to be honest
You are supposed to know the laws of your own country 3. Một số cách dùng đặc biệt
Một sốđộng từ có thểđi với cảđộng từ nguyên thể V-ing, so sánh khác ý nghĩa chúng:
Stop + V-ing: dừng làm
Stop making noise! (dừng làm ồn) Stop + to V: dừng để làm
I stop to smoke (tôi dừng lại để hút thuốc)
Remember/forget/regret + to V: nhớ/quên/tiếc phải làm (ở và tương lai)
Remember to send this letter (hãy nhớ gửi thư này) Don’t forget to buy flowers (đừng quên mua hoa đấy)
I regret to inform you that the train was canceled (tôi tiếc phải báo tin cho anh chuyến tầu bị hủy bỏ)
Remember/forget/regret + V-ing: nhớ/quên/tiếc làm (ở khứ) I paid her $2 I still remember that I still remember paying her $2 (tôi nhớ trả cô đô la)
She will never forget meeting the Queen (cơ khơng qn lần gặp nữ hồng)
He regrets leaving school early It is the biggest mistake in his life Try + to V: cố gắng làm
I try to pass the exam (tơi cố gắng vượt qua kì thi) Try + V-ing: thử làm
You should try unlocking the door with this key (bạn nên thử mở cửa với khóa này)
Like + V-ing: thích làm thú vị, hay, hút, làm để thưởng thức I like watching TV
Like + to V: làm việc tốt cần thiết I want to have a job I like to learn English Would like + to V: mời đâu
Would you like to go to the cinema?
Prefer + doing something + to + doing something else I prefer driving to travelling by train
(4)I prefer to drive rather than travel by train Need + to V: cần làm
I need to go to school today
Need/want/require + V-ing: mang nghĩa bịđộng (cần làm gì) Your hair needs cutting (tóc bạn cần cắt ngắn)
The grass needs cutting The grass wants cutting
Be used to + V-ing: quen với việc (ở tại)
I’m used to getting up early (tôi quen với việc dậy sớm)
Used to + V: thường làm khứ (bây không làm nữa)
I used to get up early when I lived in Bac Giang (tôi thường dậy sớm sống Bắc Giang)
Advise/ allow/ permit/ recommend + object + to V: Khuyên/cho phép/đề nghị làm
He advised me to apply at once They don't allow us to park here
Advise/ allow/ permit/ recommend + Ving: Khuyên/ cho phép/ đề nghị làm
He advised applying at once They don't allow parking here
See / hear/ smell/ feel/ notice/ watch + object + V-ing: Cấu trúc sử dụng người nói chứng kiến phần hành động:
I see him passing my house everyday
She smelt something burning and saw smoke rising
See / hear/ smell/ feel/ notice/ watch + object + V(nguyển thể 'to'): Cấu trúc sử dụng người nói chứng kiến tồn bộ hành động:
We saw him leave the house
I heard him make arrangements for his journey
III
CỦNG CỐ KIẾN THỨC
Bài tập 1: Chọn dạng động từ câu sau: The teacher decided (accepting/to accept) the paper They appreciate (to have/having) this information
3 His father doesn’t approve of his (going/ to go) to Europe We found it very difficult (reaching/ to reach) a decision Donna is interested in (to open/opening) a bar
(5)8 We would be better off (to buy/ buying) this car She refused (to accept/ accepting) the gift
10 Mary regrets (to be/being) the one to have to tell him 11 George pretended (to be/being) sick yesterday 12 Carlos hopes (to finish/finishing) his thesis this year 13 They agreed (to leave/leaving) early
14 Helen was anxious (to tell/ telling) her family about her promotion 15 We are not ready (to stop/stopping) this research at this time 16 Henry shouldn’t risk (to drive/driving) so fast
17 He demands (to know/knowing) what is going on
18 She is looking forward to (return/returning) to her country
19 There is no excuse for (to leave/leaving) the room in this condition 20 Gerald returned to his home after (to leave/leaving) the game
Bài tập 2: Hoàn thành mỗi câu sau với động từ sau: apply, be, be, listen, make, see, try, use, wash, work, write (chia động từ theo dạng):
1 Could you please stop……… so much noise? I enjoy ………to music
3 I considered ……… for the job but in the end I decided against it Have you finished ………your hair yet?
5 If you walk into the road without looking, you risk………knocked down Jim is 65 but he isn’t going to retire yet He wants to carry on……… I don’t mind you………the phone as long as you pays for all your calls Hello! Fancy ………… you here! What a surprise!
9 I’ve put off ……… the letter so many times I really must it today 10 What a stupid thing to do! Can you imagine any body ……… so stupid? 11 Sarah gave up ……… to find a job in this company and decided to
go abroad Đáp án:
Bài 1:
1 to accept having going to reach opening leaving to return buying to accept 10 being 11 to be 12 to finish 13 to leave 14 to tell 15 to stop 16 driving 17 to know 18 returning 19 leaving 20 leaving Bài 2:
(6)9 writing 10 being 11 trying
IV
BÀI TẬP VỀ NHÀ
Bài tập 1: Chọn đáp án a, b, c d để hoàn thành câu sau: Ms Lan enjoys ……because she loves working with children
a to teach b to be taught c teaching d d teach
2 I’d like to stay at home ……going out this evening a rather than
b instead of c more than d better at
3 It is such a terrible day that I don’t …… to go out a Want
b fancy c enjoy d need
4 I have such a lot of work to that I don’t know …… to first a When
b What c Where d why
5 The reason …….he refused this job is that he doesn’t like the boss a What
b Who c why d when
6 My father doesn’t allow me ……in his room a to smoke
b smoking c smoke d not smoke
7 Nam ……in finding a good job in an advertising company a managed
b gained c succeeded d got
8 It’s better to avoid ………during the rush hour a traveling
b to travel c travel d traveled
9 It was a nice day, so we decided ……… for walk a to have
b to go c to take d to make
(7)a mind b agree c stand d care
11 I have difficulty …… and ……… English a speak-writing
b to speak-to write c c speaking-writing d d speak-write
12 They offered ……her but she refused a to help
b helping c help
d being helped
13 I don’t mind … you …… the washing up a help-do
b helping-doing c helping-do d to help-to
14 I’d like …….when I am sixty years old a to rest
b to stop c to retire d to relax
15 The children are looking forward to ……… on holiday a go
b going c be going d have gone
16 You must try not …….so many mistakes again a make
b making c to make d makes
17 He advised me ……….at this time a not to go out
b not go out c not going out d not to going ut
18 We always expect ……….as many good marks as possible a getting
b get c to getting d to get
19 This book is worthy ………for us a to read
b reading c read d be read
(8)b to work c working d works
Bài tập 2: Chia động từ ngoặc theo dạng:
1 He tried (explain) _ but she refused (listen)
2 At dinner she annoyed me by (smoke) _ between two courses You are expected (know) _ the safety regulations of the college He decided (disguise) _ himself by (dress) _ as a woman Would you mind (show) _ me how (work) _ the lift? After (walk) _ for three hours, we stopped to let the others (catch
up) _ with us
7 He was fined for (exceed) _ the speed limit
8 I regret (inform) _ you that your application has been refused I couldn’t help (overhear) _ what you said
10 A: I don’t allow (smoke) _ in my drawing room B: I don’t allow my family (smoke) _ at all
11 He surprised us all by (go) _ away without (say) _ good-bye
12 He wore dark glasses (avoid) _ (be) _ recognized
13 Before (give) _ evidence, you must swear (speak) _ the truth
14 I tried (persuade) _ him (agree) _ with your proposal 15 Your windows need (clean) _ Would you like me (do) _
them for you?
16 Stop (talk) _ I’m trying (finish) _ a letter 17 His doctor advised him (give up) _ (jog) _
18 My watch keeps (stop) _ That’s because you keep (forget) _ (wind) _ it
19 Is (boil) _ or (fry) _ the best way of (cook) _ this fish?
20 Try (avoid) _ (be) _ late He hates (be) _ kept (wait) _
Giáo viên: Nguyễn Thị Tâm