Giới từ (Preposition) là những từ (in, on, at,…) thường đứng trước danh từ, cụm danh từ hoặc danh động từ.. Ví dụ:.[r]
(1)Tổng hợp kiến thức giới từ tiếng Anh lớp 7 1 Định nghĩa giới từ
Giới từ (Preposition) từ (in, on, at,…) thường đứng trước danh từ, cụm danh từ danh động từ
Ví dụ:
I go to the zoo on sunday I was sitting in the park at 6pm
Ở ví dụ “sunday” tân ngữ giới từ “on” Ở ví dụ 2, “the park” tân ngữ giới từ “in”
Chú ý:Các bạn phải phân biệt trạng từ (adverb) giới từ, thường từ có hai chức (vừa trạng từ giới từ) Điều khác Trạng từ khơng có tân ngữ theo sau
2 Các loại giới từ
Dưới số qui tắc sử dụng loại giới từ phổ biến tiếng Anh:
Giới từ thời gian
Giới từ Cách sử dụng Ví dụ
on ngày tuần on Thursday
in
tháng / mùa
thời gian ngày năm
sau khoảng thời gian
nhất định
in August / in winter in the morning in 2006
(2)Giới từ Cách sử dụng Ví dụ
at
chonight choweekend
mốc thời gian
định
at night
at the weekend at half past nine
since
từ khoảng thời gian
định khứ đến
hiện since 1980
for
khoảng thời gian
định tính từ khứ đến
hiện for years
ago khoảng thời gian
khứ years ago
before trước khoảng thời gian before 2004
to nói thời gian ten to six (5:50)
past nói thời gian ten past six (6:10)
to / till /
until đánh dấu bắt đầu kếtthúc khoảng thời gian from Monday to/till Friday
till / until He is on holiday until
(3)Giới từ Cách sử dụng Ví dụ
by in the sense ofat the latest up to a certain time
I will be back by o’clock By 11 o’clock, I had read
five pages
Giới từ vị trí
Giới từ Cách dùng Ví dụ
in
room, building, street,
town, country
book, paper etc car, taxi
picture, world
in the kitchen, in London in the book
in the car, in a taxi
in the picture, in the
world
at
meaning next to, by an
object
fortable for events
vị trí mà bạn làm
(watch a film, study, work)
at the door, at the station at the table
at a concert, at the party at the cinema, at school,
at work
on
attached
for a place with a river being on a surface
for a certain side (left,
right)
for a floor in a house for public transport fortelevision, radio
the picture on the wall
London lies on the
Thames
on the table on the left on the first floor on the bus, on a plane on TV, on the radio by, next to,
beside bên phải cáigì Jane is standing by / nextto / beside the car
under bề mặt thấp (hoặc
(4)Giới từ Cách dùng Ví dụ
below thấp khác
cao mặt đất the fish are below thesurface
over
bị bao phủ khác nhiều
vượt qua
put a jacket over your
shirt
over 16 years of age walk over the bridge climb over the wall above vị trí cao a path above the lake
across vượt qua
băng qua phía bên
walk across the bridge swim across the lake
through something with limits on
top, bottom and the sides drive through the tunnel
to
movement to person or
building
movement to a place or
country
forbed
go to the cinema go to London / Ireland go to bed
into enter a room / a building go into the kitchen / the
house
towards
movement in the direction
of something (but not directly to it)
go steps towards the
house
onto movement to the top of
something jump onto the table
from in the sense ofwhere from a flower from the garden
(5)Giới từ cách sử dụng ví dụ
from who gave it a present from Jane
of who/what does it belong to
what does it show
a page of the book the picture of a palace
by who made it a book by Mark Twain
on
walking or riding on
horseback
entering a public transport
vehicle
on foot, on horseback get on the bus
in entering a car / Taxi get in the car
off leaving a public transport
vehicle get off the train
out of leaving a car / Taxi get out of the taxi
by
rise or fall of something travelling (other than
walking or horseriding)
prices have risen by 10
percent
by car, by bus
at forage she learned Russian at 45
about for topics, meaning what
about we were talking about you
Bài tập giới từ tiếng Anhlớp 7
(6)3 Lan’ll have a party ……… Friday evening David is good ……… Math
5 Are you interested ………… sports?
6 There’s a good film ………… ……… the moment
7 Would you like to come ……….my house …………lunch? Thanks ……… your letter
9 I’ll see my mom and dad ……… their farm
10 We have to work hard ……….home and……….school 11 She takes care ………….her family
12 He works ……….a factory
13 We always go to Ha Long Bay ……….vacation 14 Tell me more ……… your family
15 Can you send me a photo ……… your family? 16 She works ………a local supermarket
17 He goes ……….the city …………his wife
18 It takes 18 hours to get ………Hanoi ……….coach 19 We write ……….each other twice a week
20 My mother works………the field………….my father 21 We’ll visit her ……….Christmas
(7)25 She spends most ………the time ………….the couch ……….front …….the TV 26 What you usually ………….school?
27 Why don’t you come ………… ? 28 They swap cards ……….their friends 29 Will you play a game ……… catch? 30 What you ……… recess?
31 They usually have portable CD player ……….small earphones 32 I’ll take part……….your club
33 They read or study ………….the same time 34 We enjoy all ……… our classes 35 ………….school we study many things
36 ………… history, we study past and present events……… Vietnam and ………the world
37 ………… physics, we learn …………how things work
38 She learns how to use a computer ……… her Computer Science class 39 Newspapers are ……….the racks ……….the middle
40 Math books are ……… the shelves ……… the left
41 The largest library is ………Washington D.C, the capital ……….the USA 42 Those books ……….the back …………the libraries are ………English
43 Now, come and look ………the kitchen 44 My uncle is ………… work now
(8)ĐÁP ÁN BÀI TẬP VỀ GIỚI TỪ TIẾNG ANH LỚP 7
1 in in on at in
6 on – at to – for for on 10 at - at
11 of 12 in 13 on 14 about 15 of
16 in 17 to / with 18 to / by 19 to 20 in / with
21 at 22 of 23 to 24 of 25 of / on / in / of
26 at 27 in 28 to 29 with 30 at
31 with 32 in 33 at 34 of 35 at
36 in / in / around 37 in / about 38 in 39 on / in 40 on / on