(Luận án tiến sĩ) yếu tố dân gian và yếu tố bác học trong kịch bản chèo

BO GIAO O y C VA OAO TAO DAI HOC QUOC GIA IIA NO I TIIUONG DAI HOC KHOA HOC XA HOI VA NHAN VAN T r a n Dinh Ngon YEU T O DAN GIAN VA YEU T O BAG H O C TRONG KICH BAN C H E O ChuyGn nguiih : Van hoc dan gian Ma so : 50407 LUAN AN P H O TIEN SI KHOA HOC NGIJ VAN Nguoi huong dan khoa hoc Gido 6i/ TRAN BANG P1L gido ^u, PTS L E CHI QUE •J^^^T^ T'.^ K HA NOI - 199G MUC LUC Trang PHAN MO DAU Chucmg I Yeu to dan gian va yeu to' bac hgc qua trinh hinh t h a n h va phat trien cua kich ban Cheo 15 I Kich ban Cheo thuo so khai va su xuat hien yeu to' dan gian 15 II Su xuat hien yeu to' bac hpc 21 III Su xuat hien cac tac gia doc lap viec sang tac kich ban Cheo va xu huong "bac hpc hoa" 23 IV Yeu to dan gian va yeu to bac hpc kich ban Cheo nhung nam gan day 29 Chuomg I I Su ket hop giua yeu to' dan gian va yeu to' bac hpc kich ban Cheo 34 I Su ket hgp yeu to' dan gian va yeu to' bac hpc to chixc ket cau kich ban Cheo 35 II Su ket hgp yeu to' dan gian va yeu to' bac hpc xay dung nhan vat 40 III Su ket hgp hai yeu to' van hpc Cheo 54 IV Su mau thuan moi quan he giua yeu to dan gian va yeu to' bac hpc kich ban Cheo Chuomg III Van de ket hgp yeu to dan gian va yeu to' bac hpc 71 Trang kich ban Cheo mod 76 I Sir ket hgp ye'u to' dan gian va yeu to bac hpc kich ban Cheo eai luong 78 II S u ket hgp yeu to dan gian va yeu to' bac hgc kich ban Cheo tu 1950 den 86 III S u hue thiet phai ket hgp yeu to dan gian va yeu to bac hpc kich ban Cheo 112 IV Kich ban Cheo hien dai - Kich ban Cheo chuyen nghiep mang phong each dan gian 127 Ket l u a n 132 Tai lieu t h a m k h a o 137 QUY U O C TRINH BAY Ve y nghia cdc ky hieu : NXB N h a x u a t ban H H a Npi Chu thick : D a n h dau (-) Cdc tdi lieu tham tham khdo, khdo vai so thu so tdi lieu vd so trang trick dan duijc ghi phdn tic tic den 108 Khi trick ddn dau [ J Vi du [101: tr.70] tdi lieu duoc gki PHAN MO DAU ,^ « Ly chon de tai Nghe t h u a t Cheo da tung trai qua nhung chang duong dai cua qua trinh hinh va phat trien, tung dat tod nhung dinh cao nghe thuat vod nhung tac pham tieu bieu, c6 nhung trich doan ngoi len nhu nhung vien ngpc quy : Thi Mdu len chiia^ Van gia dai, Tudn ty - Ddo Hue, Xd truang Siiy - Me Dop^ va nhixng manh He Cheo doc dao Trong qua trinh van dung hinh thuc san khau Cheo vao de tai hien dai, mang npi dung mod, nhung nguoi lam Cheo da dat dugc nhung t u u dang ke ve mat npi dung phan anh va t u tuong tac pham, gop phan vao viec phuc vu cong cuoc each mang giai phong dan toe va xay dung xa hoi mod Nhung ve mat hpc thuat, nhung nguoi lam Cheo da phai vua lam vua tim toi nghien cuu va thuc nghiem da khong t r a n h khoi nhung sai lam mang tinh tat yeu Ngay nay, co che thi truang xoa bo bao cap, san khau Cheo chuyen nghiep va ke ca Cheo phong trao san k h a u khong chuyen cua quan chung ciing deu gap kho khan Ian ve nguon von dau t u cho xay dung va dien va su chuyen bien cua thi hieu khan gia Da tung co nhieu nguoi cho rang nghe t h u a t Cheo khong thich hgp vod nguoi xem hom nay, chi nen xep vao bao tang Cac doan Cheo chuyen nghiep mat dan khan gia, dan tod trinh trang khung hoang va c6 be tac ve phuong huong De giai quyet nhung be tac cua Cheo truoc tinh hinh kho khan, nhieu nguoi da di tim each khac phuc, thao go co che quan ly khoan san pham viec dan dung va mod va di bieu dien doanh thu Co nguoi tiep tue di theo khuynh huong "eai tien", "each tan" Cheo bang nhung thu phap nghe thuat cua kich noi, eai luong va kich h a t phuong Tay Co nguoi lai yeu cau nha nuac bao cap hoan toan cho cac doan Cheo Ba each lam tren deu khong phat trien dugc Cheo, chi dam chan tai cho hoae lam m a t di n h u n g dae trung CO ban cua nghe thuat Cheo Cach giai quyet dung dan nhat la tu thuc tien cua san khau Cheo phai di sau nghien cuu khoa hpc co ban ve Cheo de tu n i t dugc nhung van de ly luan de roi lai t u ly luan van dung vao boat dpng thuc tien Muon tim dugc huong di dung dan cho Cheo hien dai, dieu quan trpng truoc het la phai hieu dugc mot each thau dao nhung ddc trung co ban ngon ngu nghe thuat cua Cheo, nam vung phuong phdp sang tac truyen tkong vd viec su dung cdc thu phdp nghe thuat phuong phdp sang tac n h u the nao Hieu biet co ban va sau sac ve Cheo truyen thong la mot yeu cau tat yeu doi vod nguoi thua ke di san san khau cua cha ong, va doi vod ca nhung nguoi thuong thuc Thuc tien cua dod song san khau hom cang thiic day yeu cau do, doi hoi n h u n g nguoi lam Cheo cang phai quan tarn De tiep noi vao qua trinh nhan thuc ve Cheo va gop phan giai quyet nhung be tac ve phuong huong nghe t h u a t qua trinh sang tao vo dien mod o cac Doan Cheo, chung toi chpn de tai Yeu to ddn gian kich ban vd yeu to bdc hpc^ Cheo Van de ket hgp yeu to dan gian va bac hpc cac tac pham cac loai hinh von nam ban chat cua van hpc nghe thuat, le khong can phai ban tod nhung thuc tien san khau Cheo vod nhung kho khan liing tung, va sai lac da khien cho van de tror nen buc xuc, cap nhat can phai di sau tim hieu de khang dinh lai ve ly luan va gop phan xac dii;ih huong di cho Cheo hien dai Mong de tai vua dugc dong gop vao viec tim hieu nhung van de co ban cua san khau Cheo, vua c6 y nghia thuc tien gop dugc phan nao vao cong cuoc chan nen san khau dan toe Do Cling la muc dich khoa hpc ma luan an huong toi Lich s u van de • De tai Yeu to ddn gian vd yeu to bdc hgc kich ban Cheo la mot van de quan trpng to chixc ket cau cua kich ban Cheo ma cac nha nghien cuu truoc day chua co dip di sau vao tim hieu Tuy vay, mot so' cong t n n h nghien cuu buoc dau ve Cheo cua cac nha nghien cuu Cheo: Tran Bang, Ha Van Cau, Hoang Kieu, Tran Viet Ngu, Nguyen Thi Nhung, Nguyen Tat Thang, Tran Tri Trie va mot so' bai viet cua cac nha viet kich Long Chuong, Tran Huyen Tran da dat nhung nen mong dau tien cho cong tac nghien cuu ly luan ve Cheo, gpd ma nhieu van de co ban cua Cheo Trong cac cong trinh nghien cuu ve Cheo da cong bo', chua c6 cong trinh nao de cap tod su ket hgp giua yeu to dan gian va yeu to' bac hpc ket cau cua kich ban Cheo, nhung hau het cac cong trinh di truoc da it nhieu noi toi tinh chat dan gian va tinh chat bac hpc van chuong Cheo, nghe t h u a t bieu dien cua Cheo va coi tinh chat dan gian, tinh chat bac hpc nhu la thupc tinh pham chat cua san khau Cheo Trong Qua trinh vd phat trien cua nghe thuat Cheo hinh Pho giao su Ha Van Cau cho rang "nghe thuat Cheo la mot hinh thuc nghe thuat dan gian nong dan sang tao de tu thuc hien minh xa hoi va tra lai phuc vu cho giai cap minh Trong napt chung muc n h a t dinh, giai cap phong kien vod tu tuong phat giao ciing da dat tay vao Cheo va su dung Cheo nhu mot cong eu tinh than cua giai cap do" [11: tr.21] Ngoai y nghia chinh cua no, doan van tren ciing da gian tiep noi den su hien dien cua tinh chat dan gian nguoi nong dan dem vao Cheo va chung muc nhat dinh co tinh chat bac hpc tang lop nho si phong kien dem vao Cheo Trong Lich khau su san Viet Nam Nha nghien cuu Cheo Tran Viet Ngu da trich dan y kien cua Giao su Tran Bang noi chuyen ve Cheo n h u sau : "Cheo la mot hinh thuc nghe thuat tong hgp, bat nguon t u kho tang van nghe dan gian phong phii va r a t co xua cua dat nuoc, lay dan ca dan vu lam nen tang, the hien su hgp tac ly thu giua hai luong van hpc co dien va dan gian" [80: tr.355] Tuy mod chi de cap tod "su hgp tac" giira "hai luong van hpc co dien va dan gian" (nghia la tren hinh dien van hpc), nhung giao su Tran Bang ciing da cho rang la mot "su hgp tac ly thii" ! Den Cheo - Mot hien tuong sdn khau ddn toe [5], giao su Tran Bang lai viet : "Cheo dod sau, bang each tiep thu phuong phap nghe t h u a t cua Tuong, phong theo cau true eiia Tuong, lay kho tang van nghe dan gian cua luu vuc song Hong lam chat lieu, lam xuong thit ma tao thanh" [5: tr.25] Nhu vay, duong nhien Cheo da c6 su ket hgp giixa yeu to' bac hpc (the hien bang phuong phap nghe thuat cua Tuong, mot hinh thuc san khau co dien) va yeu to dan gian (the hien bang su tiep thu kho tang van nghe dan gian lam chat lieu, lam xuong thit) Giao su Tran Bang ciing khang dinh quy luat tat yeu cua Cheo la phai tu dan gian len chuyen nghiep (mang tinh bac hoc) "O Cheo, nghe thuat dan gian da phat trien, tra nghe t h u a t san khau a binh dien dan toe, co chuan muc vung vang ve phuong phap nghe thuat, ve cac khau ky t h u a t hat, miia, va nghe t h u a t bieu diln Va chinh nhung nghe si chuyen nghiep co ban lanh cua nghe thuat san khau da truyen lai cho chiing ta nhung di san quy bau, la nghe thuat Cheo cua hom nay" [5: tr.45] Hai nha nghien cuu Cheo Tran Viet Ngu va Hoang Kieu cho rang "Dae tinh irng dien sinh hoan canh ma nhixng nguoi sang tao Cheo eon chua lam chu cuoc dod, bieu 16 su khong thong nhat ve each dat van de giua kich ban (co su thong qua sua ehiia ciia phong kien) vod nghe nhan (va nguod xem)" [80: tr.365] va "Su quan he giua tinh tich dien va tinh ung dien nghe t h u a t Cheo (co), tir nguyen nhan mau thuan giua nguoi viet kich ban (nho si) va nguod dien (nong dan lao dpng) lam noi len mot nguyen tac khong the bo qua, la su ket hgp giua eai hi va eai hai Cheo (ed)" [80: tr.364] O day, hai tac gia da de cap den moi quan he giua tinh ung dien cua mieng tro ngoai tich vod tinh on dinh cua than tro "bac tho" da viet va neu su mau t h u a n gdira hai tinh chat ay, dong thod cho rang su ket hgp giiia eai bi va eai hai o Cheo la he qua tat yeu cua mau t h u a n giua tinh tich dien va tinh ung dien (theo each noi ciia hai nha nghien cuu Cheo Tran Viet Ngu - Hoang Kieu) Nhixng n h a n dinh tren da god cho ta nghi den su bat cap o mot mat nao moi quan he giua yeu to' dan gian va yeu to bac hpc kich ban Cheo Trong mot bai tong ket Hoi thao ve Cheo, giao su Dinh Quang cho E rang: "Ve mau sac dan gian ^ Cheo hom da boat dpng theo phuong thuc chuyen nghiep bac hoc, nhung van dam mau sac dan gian Do ma chat dan gian ciia Cheo van la net chu dao, la ban chat" [90: t r l ] T r a n Due Tri cung cho rang: "Cheo doi ma nen van hpc nghe thuat dan gian cua dong bang Bac bp Viet Nam da dugc phat trien manh me, toan dien No dan dan hoan thien qua trinh doi cua nen van hpc viet bang chu Nom va sau tra t h a n h mot loai hinh san khau tong hop co kha nang dong hoa nhuan nhuyen hai dong van hpc nghe thuat dan gian va bac hpc yeu to' dan gian lam chinh the tao t h a n h dae dinh dan gian cho Cheo" [104: tr.24] De khang dinh ban chat van hpc ciia kich h a t truyen thong, Pho giao su Tat Thang da dan Tao Mat lam vi du tieu bieu cho tinh bac hpc va xu the bac hpc hoa sang tac kich ban Cheo: "Tinh chat Ipc, tinh hinh tugng va dae biet la tinh tham thiiy (y tai ngon ngoai) cung vod sir hom hinh den sac va mot eai hon, eai than, eai ky dieu cua tarn hon nghe si pha vao nghe thuat ngon tu ay da lam nen gia tri van hpc va ban sac trpn ciing khong Ian cua ngon ngu Tao Mat" [94: tr.70] Tong hgp t u nhixng y kien rai rac va so bp ve yeu to dan gian va yeu to' bac hpc Cheo^ ta van c6 the di den mot nhan thuc rang cac nha nghien cuu Cheo da gpd mo mot van de kha co ban va ly thii cua san khau Cheo Do la Cheo co su ket hgp giua yeu to' dan gian va yeu to bac hpc va six ket hgp co hai hoa "ly thii" (nhu y kien cua giao su Tran Bang), lai co "mau thuan", "khong tho'ng nhat" (nhu nhan dinh ciia hai nha nghien ciiu Cheo Tran Viet Ngu - Hoang Kieu) Tren ca so ciia lich su van de nhu vay, luan an se di sau nghien cuu ve six hinh cua yeu to dan gian va yeu to bac hpc kich ban Cheo tim hieu su ket hgp ciia hai yeu to' ay a ca hai chieu thuan va nghich de di tod chung minh luan diem cho rang Cheo moi, muon duoc dae trung co ban cua Cheo truyen thong thi nhat thiet giit phai CO su ket hop hai hoa giua yeu to dan gian vd yeu to bdc hoc Phuong phap nghien ciru Doi vod van hpc dan gian, tu truoc tod da co nhieu phuong phap nghien cuu dugc van dung Moi phuong phap deu co nhixng uu diem va ban che nhat dinh truoc moi de tai eu the, doi vod cac loai hinh khac van hpc dan gian, va a cac nuoc, cac vung mien khac mot nuoc Vod de tai Yeu to ddn vd yeu to bdc hoc kich ban gian Cheo, nghien cuu sinh nhan thay khong the ap dung hoan toan mot phuong phap san co nao, cang khong the chi ap dung mot phuong phap nhat, nhu da thay cac cong trinh nghien cuu van hpc dan gian, bod vi : kich ban Cheo nam the loai van hpc kich co yeu to' dan gian, nhung khong thuan tiiy la van hpc dan gian Them nua, kich ban van hpc la mot tac pham van hpc o mot the loai dae biet nhung no luon luon dupe gan chat vod nghe thuat bieu dien va phai the hien minh qua nghe thuat bieu di§n Rieng kich hat, kich ban van hpc ngoai nghe thuat bieu dien, phai dugc "the hien minh" qua nhixng Ian dieu hat va nhung khuon miia nua Do dae diem ciia doi tugng nghien cuu (kich ban Cheo) ma phuong phap nghien cuu phai dugc xac dinh cho thich hpp, dam bao tinh khoa hpc, giiip cho nguod nghien ciiu nhan thuc diing dugc doi tugng, tiep can dupe •\ 10 KET LUAN Qua cac phan nghien cuu d tren (dupe trinh bay ba chuong), van de yeu td dan gian va yeu tu bae hpc kich ban Cheo da dugc tim hieu, phan tich va xac dinh ve tam quan trpng eiia six ket hop giua chiing Ti-ong phan ket luan, luan an xin khai quat lai mot so van de xung quanh luan diem co ban la yeu to' dan gian va ye'u t6' bac hpc xuat liien qua tiinh hinh t h a n h va phat trien kich ban Cheo, va su ket hop cua hai ye'u td da trd t h a n h m6'i quan he hiiu co nam td ehiic ket cau ciia kich ban Cheo, tao nen dae trung ngdn ngii nghe thuat eua loai hinh san khau Cheo, vi vay nay, Cijeo hien dai muon giii dupe n h u n g dae trung CO ban cua Cheo liLiyen thdng thi nhat thiet phai cd su ket hpp giiia yeu to' bae hoc vd ye'u to dan gian San khau Cheo thud so khai hoan toan la san khau dan gian dupe sang tac ngau hung, tap the va tiuyen mieng theo phuong thiic sang tac dan gian Yeu to' dan gian dupe hinh t h a n h cung vdd su hinh t h a n h eiia kich ban Cheo tu thud so khai va chiem dia vi dpc ton iam nen kich ban Cheo Do nhu cau luu giii, truyen ba chinh xac kich ban Cheo da dupe sang Ipc qua sang tac ngau h u n g va bd sung them nhieu tich tro mdi ma vai ti-d*^bac tho'^a doi "Bae tho" la tae gia chinh cua mot tich Cheo, la ngudi soan phan than tro gdm nhiing su kien, tinh tie't quan ti*png nhat cua cut truyen ma qua dd tinh each nhan vat dupe hoc 16 bang cae hanh vi ling xu, va so phan nhan vat dupe dinh doat sau ke't cue eiia tuan bp tich dien Dan xen vao phan t h a n trd la nhii'ng mieng ti*u du nghe si ling dien sang tac ngau 132 ^ h u n g them vao Su ddi cua vai tio "bae tho" lam xuat hien yeu td bac hpc kich ban Cheo, dong thod hinh va phat trien dan su ket hpp ye'u td dan gian va ye'u td bac hpc Yeu td dan gian va yeu to' bae hpc kich ban Cheo la hai nhiing ye'u to eo ban cau kich ban Cheo Chinh qua trinh hinh va phat trien cua san khau Cheo ndi chung va kich ban Cheo ndi rieng da lam sinh hai yeu to' va SIX ket hpp eiia chiing Chinh vi vay can phai nghien cixu su ket hpp giixa hai ye'u to' (dan gian va bac hpc) de thay ro vai trd ciia chiing viec tham gia vao td chiic ke't cau vat chat eiia hinh thuc Idch ban Cheo Su ket hpp giiia ye'u to' dan gian va ye'u t6' bae hpc kich ban Cheo dupe the hien d ca ba khau cua mot kich ban van hpc Do la : t6 chiic ke't cau, xay dung tinh each nhan vat va ldi van ddi thoai, ca tir Trong td chire ke't cau eua kjeh ban, su sap xe'p cac sir kien, tinh tie't eiia toan tich dien la su dan xen giira nhirng sir kien tinh tie't eua than tro "bac tho" sang tac (vdd Id'i t u bac hpc va trinh bay theo phong each bae hoc} va cac su kien tinh tie't sang tac ngau hiing cua nghe si bieu dien (theo t u dan gian va trinh bay theo phong each dan gian) Dd ciing chinh la bieu hien cd sir ke't hop giua hai yen td dan gian va bac hpc Tuy nhien, ndi than tru thupc yeu td bac hpc eon cac mie'ng ngo^i tich thuoc ye'u to' dan gian cung ehi ed y nghia tuong d6'i, bdi vi, sang tao than tiu, cae "bae tho*'(nho si; cung da chiu a n h hudng eua nhiing sang tae dan gian va ngupe lai, sang 133 tac ngau hiing, nguod nghe si bieu dien ciing mang vao nhung mieng trd ngo^i tich anh hudng eua van chuong bae hpc va nhirng tri thuc van hda co Chinh vi vay xet cho ciing, than trd, va nhiing mie'ng tro ngo^i tich ciing ed su ke't hpp giua ye'u to' dan gian va ye'u td bae hpc theo nhixng ty le khdng can xiing tiiy theu tung vd, tung mie'ng trd Trong viec xay dung cae tinh each nhan vat, su ket hpp giiia hai ye'u to' (dan gian va 'bac hpc) the hien su ke't hpp giiia hai ldi t u duy, the hien qua each quan niem, danh gia ve pham chat ciia mot tinh each nhan vat nao Sir ke't hpp giiia hai loi t u cd t h u a n chieu, hda nhap, cd dan xen, b6 khuye't eho nhau, ciing cd song song ton tai va mau thuan chdng dd'i Su ke't hpp giii'a hai quan idem, binh gia ve nhan vat dan de'n sir ke't hpp each tiinh bay nhan vat voi nhung cap dp trang thai tuong ling vdi su ket hpp eiia hai ldi tu Su ke't hpp giiia hai ye'u td tham sau vao tung loai vai Cheo dupe md hinh hda Trong nhung mo hinh nhan vat eiia Cheo, su ket hgp giira ye'u dan gian va yeu to' bac hpc dupe eo cau theo ty le khac hkng nhiing dang thiic khac Su ke't hop ay Idiong ehi cd tung loai m6 hinh ma eon cd each ke't hop ciia n h u n g cap md hinh Trong ngdn ngii' ddi thoai va loi ea cac lan dieu h a t Cheo, su ket hpp hai ye'u td (dan gian va bac hpc) the hien bang su dan xen eiia nhiing doan van, loi hat mang phong each dan gian vod nhiing doan van lod hat mang phong each bae hpc hoac vdd nhixng doan van, Idd h a t xen lan ca hai eac ve cau, trd hat, hoac 134 vdi nhixng doan van ldi hat co su hoa quyen ea hai phong vi bac hpc va dan gian Sir ket hpp da trd mot dae diem ciia van hpc Cheo, khac voi van hpc eac loai hinh san k h a u dan tpc Idiac la Tudng va Cai luong Six ket hgp giiia ye'u td dan gian va yeu td bac hpc kich ban Cheo truyen thdng tda rpng, tham sau, trd mau thit eiia Cheo, gdp phan tao len "chat Cheo" tue la nhixng dae diem co ban n h a t eiia ngdn ngir Cheo vdi tu each la ngdn ngir nghe t h u a t ciia mdt loai hinh san khau Sir ket hpp giiia yeu to' dan gian va ye'u td' bac hpc la mdi quan he hiiu co nam td chuc ke't cau vat chat cua kich ban Cheo eho nen ne'u gat bo nd i*a khoi td chiic ke't cau cila mot kich ban (dii dinh vie't cho Cheo) thi lueh ban d6 khdng the trd mdt kich ban Cheo thuc thu Tren dudng phat tiien Cheo, dua Cheo vao cuoc sdng mdi, dap ling yeu cau cua khan gia hdm nay, nhiing ngudi lam Cheo da trai qua mot thuc tien hoat dpng Cheo tren bon muoi nam Ve hieu qua xa hdi, h a n g vd dien dupe coi la thupc bp m6n Cheo da ed nhirng ddng gdp to Idn vao su nghiep giai phdng dan tpc, xay dung dat nude, xay dung nen van hua mod Nhung ve mat hpc thuat, nhiing ngu'dd lam Cheo da trai qua nhiing sai lam au tri, nhiing t h a t bai cay dang, nhung lech lac dang tiee de di den su khang dinh dudng t h u a ke va phaL tiien Cheo dung dan n h a t la trd lai vdd phuong phap sang tac truyen tho'ng cua Cheo, trudc het tu k h a u kich ban ma d6 su ket hop giii'a yeu to' dan gian vdd yeu bae hpc la mot t)-ong nhiing nguyen tac eo ban nhat Thuc tien 135 cua dod sdng san khau Cheo gan nam muoi nam qua da khang dinh luan diem dd bang nhiing that bai dang tiee cua xu hudng each tan sai lech xa rdi nhiing nguyen tac truyen thdng va ciing dupe khang dinh b^ng nhiing e6ng xuat sac ciia n h u n g vd Cheo trd lai vdi phuong phap sang tac truyen thdng van dung sang tao, cd p h a t trien nhiing nguyen tac eo ban cua Cheo vao cac tac pham mdi, vdi dinh cao cua nhiing t u u ay la bp ba Cheo Bdi giu nuoc ca cua nghe si nhan dan Tao Mat va Doan Cheo tong cue h a u can (QDNDVN) Ddng gdp mdi cua luan an : - He thdng hda nhiing tri thiic can thiet ve qua trinh hinh va phat trien cua yeu td dan gian, ye'u td bac hpc kich ban Cheo va su ket hpp eua hai yeu td' ay, gdp phan nhan thiic san sac hon ve mdt nhixng van de co ban ciia nghe t h u a t Cheo - P h a t hien va khang dinh su birc thie't phai ket hpp hai yeu td dan gian va bae hpc tii kich ban de dam bao giu dupe chat Cheo cho Cheo hien dai Dd chinh la y nghia thuc tien va tinh chat kha thi ciia luan an Vdi nhiing ddng gop cua luan an vao viec di sau tim hieu nhiing van de co ban cua Cheo va g6p phan khang dinh phuong hudng nghe t h u a t eua san khau Cheo hien nay, chiing tdi hy vpng nhiing ngudi lam Cheo thuc su vi nghe thuat Cheo ma trd lai vdd phuong phap sang tae truyen tho'ng vu khau kich ban, ti'ong dae biet quan tam de'n su ke't hpp giiia yen td dan gian va yeu t6 bac hpc 136 TAI LIEU THAM KHAO TRAN BANG : - Duung di doi ngd NXB Van hoc H 1960 TRAN BANG : - Noi chuyen ve Cheo Tai lieu danh may 1962 TRAN BANG : - Tinh Rung Kich ban danh may 1972 TRAN BANG : - Chuyen tinh ndm 80 Kich ban danh may 1980 TRAN BANG : - Cheo mot hien tuong sdn khdu ddn tgc NXB San khau H 1993 MAI BINH - Chiec khd?i hong Doan Cheo Thanh Hoa bieu dien 1962 MAI BINH : - Rue lua Dien Hdng NXB Van Hoa H 1975 MAI BINH : - Phuong Hoa Doan Cheo Thanh Hoa bieu dien 1995 XUAN BINH : Cd Son Doan Cheo Ha Npi bieu dien 1974 10 HA VAN CAU: - Bdi ca chinh Doan Cheo Ta Ngan bieu dien 1962 11 HA VAN CAU - Quu t/i/ih hinh ngJie thuat Cheo thdnh vd phdt trien Ban nghien cuu Cheo H 1964 12 HA VAN CAU - Ti/n hieu phuong phdp NXB Van hda H 1964 137 viet Cheo cua 13 HA VAN CAU : - - Piiien dd Nha hat Cheo Viet Nam bieu dien 1970 14 HA VAN CAU : - He Cheo chon loc NXB Van hoa H 1973 15 HA VAN CAU : - May van de kich ban Cheo NXB Van hoa H 1977 16 HA VAN CAU : - Le Quy Dun Kich ban chep tay (Photocopi) 1993 17 TRUONG CHINH : - De cuong van hoa Viet Nam NXB Chinh tri quoc gia, H 1993 18 TRUONG CHINH : - Huong Icua ddt nuoc I\^XB Van hoc H 1978 19 HOANG CHUONG - Di tint uc dep sdn khdu ddn tgc NXB San khau H 1993 20 LONG CHUONG : - Dung SI Racli Gdm NXB Van hoa H 1975 21 L O N G C H U O N G : - Hdi kick NXB San khau H 1992 22 KINH D A N : - Mot so bun khdn ddn too hien xung quanh vdn de dai Tap ehi Nghien cuu Nghe thuat So (4) 1981 23 VIET DUNG - Thach Sanh Doan Cheu Hai Phdng bieu dien 1964 24 VIET DUNG - Sgi to uiijig Hpi Van nghe Ha Npi H 1972 25 VIET DUNG : - Tuyen tup kick hdt NXB San khau H 1993 00 26 HONG DUONG - THANH LONG : - Co gdi Idng Cheo Doan Clieo Thai Binh bieu diln 1985 27 LE QUY DON - Vdn ddi loai ngd Tap I NXB Van h6a - Thong tin H 1995 28 LE QUY DON - Vd7i ddi loai ngd Tap II NXB Van hoa - Thong tin H 1995 29 LE QUY DON : - Vdn ddi loai ngu Tap III NXB Van hoa - Thong tin H 1995 30 PHAM VAN DONG : - To quoc ta, nhdn ta ud ngudi nghe ddn ta, su nghiep si NXB Van hue H 1973 31 HA MINH DUG (Chu bien) : - Ly tudn vdn hoc NXB Giao due H 1993 32 TRUC DUONG : - Kicli Tnlc Dudng tuyen tap NXB s a n kiiau H 1994 33 HOAl GIAO - T A O MAT : - Dudng ve trdn dia Doan van eong quan khu ba bieu dien 1965 35 HOAl GIAO : - Trdn Qudc Todn qudn Doan van cong quan khu ba bieu dien 1968 36 HOAl GIAO : - Fham Ngu Ldo Doan Cheu Hung Yen bieu dien 1972 37 HOAl GIAO : - Trdn Nguyen Hdn Doan Cheu Vinh Phu bieu dien 1995 38 DUONG QUANG H A M : - Viei Nam van hoc su yeu NXB TGiiy hup Dong Thap 1993 139 39 TO H O A I : - Tu Uyen • Gidng Kieu Doan Cheu Ha Noi bieu dien 1978 40 PHAM DINH HO - Vu trung but NXB Tie Thanh HCM 1989 41 HOANG KIEU : - Su dung Idn dieu Cheo NXB Van hoa H 1974 42.NGUYEN XUAN KINH: - Ve mdt khuynh van hoc ddn gian hudng nghien cuu Nga Tap san ThGng bao VNDGVN So Hoi VNDGVN H 1993 43 DINH GIA IOIANH - CHU XUAN DIEN;-Vdn hoc ddn gian Tap I NXB Dai hoe va Trung hoc ehLi3'en nghiep H 1972 44 DINH GL\ KHANH - CHU XUAN DiEH : - Vdn hoc ddn Tap 11 NXB Dai hoc va Trung hoc chuyen nghiep H 1973 45 THANH DANG KHANH : - Tim hieu ncd tip tu6ng NXB San khau H 1994 46 VtJ KHAC KHOAN : - Tim hieu sdn khau Cheo Lita thieng Sai gon 1974 47 KHUYET DANH - K^nu Inui I nan B;in chep suu tam Cheo co, 48 KHUYET DANH ; - Kim A7ia//t B/uj chep sau tam Cheo co 49 KHUYET DANH - Luu Binh - Duong Le li;'ui chep suu tam Cheo co 140 gian 50 KHUYET DANH : - Muc Lien ton gid Ban ehep suu tam Cheo cd 51 KHUYET DANH : - Nu td tdi Ban chep suu tain Cheo ed 52 KHUYET DANH : - Quan dm Thi Kinh Ban chep suu tam Cheo c6 53 KHUYET DANH - Td Thuc Ban chep suu tam Cheo e6 54 KHUYET DANH - Truong Vien Ban chep suu tam Cheo e6 55 PHAM TO LAN : - Till Mdu len chua Tbkio Tap ehi san khau So 165 1-1995 56 PHAM TO LAN Nude mdt uua Dinli - Niem vui Hgi dien Tap chi s:.n khau So 176 XII-1995 57 VAN LANG - Ca hue ud ca kich Hue NXB Thuan Hoa Hue 1993 58 NGO CAO LANG : - Lich tri^u tup ky NXB Kh^a hoc xa hoi H 1975 59 NGUYEN HIEN LE : - Kinh Dich - Dao cua ngudi qudn NXB van li6a H 1992 60 NGO SI LIEN : - Dai Viet su ky todn thu Tap I NXB Khoa hoc xa h6i H 1972 61 NGO si LIEN - Dui Vici su hy todn thu Tap 11 x^JXB Khua hue xa hpi H 1971 62 NGO Si LIEN - Dai ViCu* su hy todn thu Tap III NXB Khua hue xa hoi H 1972 141 tu 63 NGO Si LIEN : - Dai ViC'f au ky todn thu Tap IV NXB Khoa hoc xa hoi H 1973 64 T U LUONG : Tieu ludn vd phe binh sdn khau NXB San khau H 1993 65 NGUYEN HUU LUONG : Kicli Dich vd vu tru Phuong quan Dung NXB Thanli HCM 1993 66 TAO MAT : Nhurig lui tdm huyet NXB San khau H 1993 67 TAO MAT : Tdc pled in chon loc NXB San khau H 1995 68 HOANG NAM Dong tie,I Van Lich l^ich ban danh may 69 HOANG NA]\1 : Len dudng cuu nude Doan Chc-u Hai Duong bieu dien 1968 Mot nhd truyen 70 NICULIN : gido Phdp ndi ve He Cheo Viet the ky XVUI Nam Tap cih San khau So 134 VI-1992 71 NGUYEN VAN NIEM : - Ddn cuoi Thi Mdu NXB San Idiau H 1993 72 LE DUG NIEM : - Dien mcio tJio Dudng NXB Van Ji6a - Thong tin - Truong Dai hoc Tong hup 1-la Noi H 1995 73 NOVICOVA - Sd/ig ldc Iho ca ddn gian Nga (Ban dich cua Ou liong Chung- Chu Xuan Dien) Tap i NXIJ Dai hue va Trung chuyen nghiep H 1983 ^A':: 74 NOVICONA - Sdng tdc tho ca ddn gian Nga (Ban dich cda Do Hong Chung- Chu Xuan Dien) Tap 11 NXB Dai hoc va Trung chuyen nghiep H 1983 75 NGUYEN DINH NGHI : - Sdn khau dudng Kich Viet Nam tim ve truyen tren thdng Tap chi San khau So 171 VII -1995 76 TRAN DINH NGON : - Mat van de cua Cheo can quarc dugc tdm Tap chi Nghien ciiu nghe thuat So (40) 1981 77 TRAN DINH NGON : - Dudtig trudng phdi chieu NXB San khau H 1993 78 TRAN VIET NGU - HOANC khdu KlLU : - Buoc dau tim hieu sdn Cheo NXB Van h6a H 1967 79 TRAN VIET NGU - NguyQii Dinh Nghi vd Cheo cdi luong Vien San 'khau H 1995 80 NHIEU TAC GIA - Lie}I au a an khdu Viet Nam Tap ViC-n San khau H 1984 81 NHIEU TAC GIA - Md'y vavt de nghe thudt Cheo Vien San khau va Sa Van hoa Thong tin Thai Biah H 1990 82 NHIEU TAC GIA Mdi uttun Trung he sdn klidu Viet Nam Qiif.c NXB \'a:i j);;a-TliOng tin H 1995 1^3 - 83 NHIEU T A C GIA : - Nguyen Dinh Nghi vd su phdt trien Cheo NXB Snn khau H 1995 84 NHIEU T A C G I A - Nhiing mdnh trd hay NXB San idiau H 1992 85 NHIEU T A C G I A - Sdn khau vd ngudi linh NXB San khau H 1992 86 NHIEU T A C G I A : - Tu ddn ca de'n kich hdt Vien San kliau Viet Nam - So van hoa thong tin Nghe Tinh H 1991 87 NHIEU T A C G I A : - Thuc trang Cheo hdm NXB San Idiau H.1995 88 HOANG PHE (Chu bien) : - Tu diexi t i e n g Viet NXB IvJioa hoc xa hoi H.1988 89 TRAN MINH PHUONG : - Vd Cheo duyen no ba sinh Tap chi San khau So 170 VI- 1995 90 DINH QUANG : - CdtL nlidn loai vdn hda NXB San khau H 1993 91 MICH QUANG : - Am niiac vd sdn khau kich hdt ddn NXB San khau H 1995 92 PHAN TAT QUANG : - Trdng len hoa no NXB San lihau H 1995 93 NGUYEN VAN THANH : - Vua Oidm cua Nhd hdt - Mot thdnh cdng Clieo Tap clii San khau So 170 VI-1995 14 mdi tgc 94 TAT THANG : - Kich hdt truyen mgt thong nhan thiic tu phia NXB San khau H 1993 95 TAT T H A N G : - Di sdn sdn khau vd dao due truyen thong NXB San khau H 1994 96 TAT THANG - Sue song mdnh Xuy liet eua hinh tugng Vdn Tap chi San khau So 161.9/94 97 BUI THIET : - Tu di^n hgi U Viet Nam NXB Van hoa H.1993 98 NGUYEN PHAN THO : - Xd hgi hgc sdn khau NXB San khau H 1994 99 LUU QUANG THUAN : - Tam cdm NXB San khau H 1995 100 PHAM DUY TUNG : - Dodn Cheo dang xudn Tap chi San khau So 110 1/1990 101 NGUYfiN QUOC TUY : - Thi phdp Nguyen ddn gian tho Binh Tap chi Van hoa dan gian So (45) 1994 102 NGUYEN MANH TUONG : - Bdo cao 35 ndm thdnh lap dodn Doan Cheo Thai Binh an h a n h 1994 103 TRAN TRI TRAC : - Sdn khau loai hinh ky dieu NXB San khau H 1994 104 TRAN BUC TRI : - Bdn ve cdch tdn nghe thudt Tap chi Nghien ciiu nghe thuat So (40) 1981 145 Cheo 105 XUAN TRINH - Cheo tim lai minh Tap chi san khau So 116/1990 106 XUAN TRINH - Nhung ldi khong ndi tren sdn khdu NXB San khau H 1995 107 KHANH VAN : - Tdo Mat mgt nhdn cdch nghe si Tap chi San khau So 123 + 124/1991 108 TRAN QUOC VUONG {Chu bien) : - Vdn hda hgc cuong vd vdn hda Viet Nam NXB Khoa hoc xa hoi H 1996 146 dai ... hpc dan gian, nghe t h u a t dien xuong dan gian, tro nhai dan gian va miia h a t dan gian de tao nen mot hinh thuc san khau dan gian Viet Nam, la Cheo Trong eai thuo ban dau nay, san k h a u Cheo... 14 Chuong I YEU TO DAN GIAN VA YEU TO BAG HOC TRONG QUA TRINH HINH THANH VA PHAT TRIEN CUA KjCH BAN CHEO I KjCH BAN CHEO THUO SO KHAI VA SLT XUAT HIEN YEU TO DAN GIAN Trong Qua trinh cheo hinh... ke^t luan : Trong giai doan so khai ciia san k h a u Cheo noi chung va kich ban Cheo noi rieng, cac nghe si dan gian da sang tac theo phuong thuc dan gian tong hgp t u van hpc dan gian, nghe t