(Luận văn thạc sĩ) a study on connotative equivalence between gone with the wind and its translation in vietnamese by duong tuong m a thesis linguistics 60 22 1

VIETNAM NATIONAL UNIVERSITY, HANOI UNIVERSITY OF LANGUAGES AND INTERNATIONAL STUDIES FACULTY OF POST GRADUATE STUDIES NGUYỄN THỊ DIỆU THÚY A STUDY ON CONNOTATIVE EQUIVALENCE BETWEEN "GONE WITH THE WIND" AND ITS TRANSLATION IN VIETNAMESE BY DUONG TUONG NGHIÊN CỨU TƯƠNG ĐƯƠNG BIỂU CẢM GIỮA TÁC PHẨM "CUỐN THEO CHIỀU GIÓ" VÀ BẢN DỊCH TIẾNG VIỆT CỦA DƯƠNG TƯỜNG MA Combined Programme Thesis FIELD: ENGLISH LINGUISTICS CODE: 60.22.15 HANOI - 2012 VIETNAM NATIONAL UNIVERSITY, HANOI UNIVERSITY OF LANGUAGES AND INTERNATIONAL STUDIES FACULTY OF POST GRADUATE STUDIES NGUYỄN THỊ DIỆU THÚY A STUDY ON CONNOTATIVE EQUIVALENCE BETWEEN "GONE WITH THE WIND" AND ITS TRANSLATION IN VIETNAMESE BY DUONG TUONG NGHIÊN CỨU TƯƠNG ĐƯƠNG BIỂU CẢM GIỮA TÁC PHẨM "CUỐN THEO CHIỀU GIÓ" VÀ BẢN DỊCH TIẾNG VIỆT CỦA DƯƠNG TƯỜNG MA Combined Programme Thesis FIELD: English Linguistics CODE: 60.22.15 SUPERVISOR: Assoc Prof Dr LÊ HÙNG TIẾN HANOI - 2012 TABLE OF CONTENTS DECLARATION …………………………………………………… i ACKNOWLEDGEMENT…………………………………………….ii ABSTRACT……………………………………………………………iii PART A: INTRODUCTION………………………………………… I Statement of the problem and rationale for the study…………………1 II Research aims and research questions…………………………………2 III Scope of the study…………………………………………………….3 IV Methods of the study………………………………………………….3 PART B: DEVELOPMENT…………………………………………….5 CHAPTER 1: LITERATURE REVIEW………………………………5 1.1 Definition of translation……………………………………………….5 1.2 Translation equivalence……………………………………………….6 1.2.1 Jakobson and the concept of equivalence in difference………6 1.2.2 Nida and Taber's Formal dynamic equivalence………………7 1.2.3 Catford and translation shifts……………………………… 10 1.2.4 Kade and quantitative equivalence ………………………… 11 1.2.5 Baker's approach to translation equivalence………………….12 1.2.6 Koller's theory of equi iv In this procedure, the meaning of the original word is explained by several target language word 1.5.7 Synonymy This procedure is used for a source language word where there is no clear one ±to ±one equivalent, and the word is not important in the text, in particular for adjectives or adverbs of quality A synonym is only appropriate where literal translation is not possible, 1.5.8 Through translation Through translation is the literal translation of common collocations, names of organizations Normally, this procedure should be used only when they are already recognized terms 1.5.9 Shifts or transpositions This procedure involves a change in the grammar from source language to target language This procedure may be used when a source language grammatical structure does not exist in the target language, or when literal translation is grammatically possible but may not accord with natural usage in the target language Another kind of transpositions is the replacement of a virtual lexical gap by a grammatical structure Transposition is the only procedure concerned with grammar 1.5.10 Modulation Modulation is defined as a variation through a change of viewpoint, of perspective, and of catergory of thought There are several types of modulation, such as "positive for double negative", "part for the whole", "abstract for concrete", "cause for effect", "one part for another", "active for passive", "reversal of terms", "change of symbols" 20 1.5.11 Compensation This occurs when loss of meaning, sound-effect, metaphor or pragmatic effect in one part of a sentence is compensated in another part, or in a contiguous sentence 1.5.12 Componential analysis This is the splitting up of a lexical unit into its sense components, often one-to-two, -three or –four translatios 1.5.13 Paraphrase This is an amplification or explanation of the meaning of a segment of the text It is used in an "anonymous" text when it is poorly written, or has important implications or omissions 1.5.14 Couplets Couplets, triplets, quaderuplets combine two, three or four of the above mentioned procedures respectively for dealing with a single problem They are particularly common for cultural words 1.6 The author Margaret Mitchell and the novel “Gone with the wind” 1.6.1 The author Margaret Mitchell Margaret Mitchell was the author of “Gone with the wind” Published in 1936, the novel sold more than a million copies in the first six months, which was phenomenal considering it was the Great Depression era Margaret Mitchell was awarded the Pulitzer Prize for the book in 1937 More than 30 million copies have been sold worldwide in thirty-eight countries It has been translated into twentyseven languages Every year, there are approximately 250,000 copies are still sold Margaret Munnerlyn Mitchell was born on November 8, 1900, in Atlanta A number of her family members had fought in wars, which can partly explain why the setting of “Gone with the wind” is the Civil War Mitchell‟s mother's family 21 was Irish Catholic Her great-grandfather Phillip Fitzgerald came to America from Ireland and eventually settled on a plantation near Jonesboro in Fayette County These details were all portrayed in her characters in the novel From 1914 to 1918 Mitchell attended the Washington Seminary, a prestigious Atlanta finishing school, where she was a founding member and officer of the drama club She was also the literary editor of Facts and Fancies, the high school yearbook She was president of the Washington Literary Society At a dance in the summer of 1918 Mitchell met Clifford Henry, a wealthy and socially prominent from New York The two fell in love and became engaged shortly before he was shipped overseas He was killed in October 1918 while fighting in France In September 1918 Mitchell entered Smith College in Northampton, Massachusetts, where she began using the nickname "Peggy" In January her mother contracted influenza and died the day before her daughter reached home Mitchell completed her freshman year at Smith, then returned to Atlanta to take her place as mistress of the household and to enter the upcoming debutante season Soon Mitchell met Berrien Kinnard Upshaw, who was from a prominent Raleigh, North Carolina, family They were wed in 1922, but the marriage was brief After four months Upshaw left Atlanta for the Midwest and never returned The marriage was annulled two years later In the same year that she married, Mitchell landed a job with the Atlanta Journal Sunday Magazine She used "Peggy Mitchell" as her byline Her interviews, profiles, and sketches of life in Georgia were well received During her four years with the Sunday Magazine, Mitchell wrote a huge number of articles, 22 worked as a proofreader, substituted for the advice columnist, reviewed books However, complications from a broken ankle led her to end her career as a journalist Mitchell's second marriage was to John Robert Marsh on July 4, 1925 In 1926, to relieve the boredom of being cooped up with a broken ankle, Mitchell began to write Gone With the Wind She completed the majority of the book in three years She wrote the last chapter first and the other chapters in no particular order She eventually accumulated almost seventy chapters In April 1935 Harold Latham, an editor for the Macmillan publishing company in New York City, toured the South looking for new manuscripts Latham heard that Mitchell had been working on a manuscript and asked her if he could see it, but she denied having one When a friend commented that Mitchell was not serious enough to write a novel, Mitchell gathered up many of the envelopes and took them to Latham at his hotel He had to purchase a suitcase to carry them He read part of the manuscript on the train to New Orleans, Louisiana, and sent it straight to New York By July Macmillan had offered her a contract She received a $500 advance and 10 percent of the royalties As she revised the manuscript, Mitchell cut and rearranged chapters, confirmed details, wrote the first chapter, changed the name of the main character (originally called Pansy), and struggled to think of a title that suited her Titles considered included Tomorrow Is Another Day, Another Day, Tote the Weary Load, Milestones, Ba! Ba! Blacksheep, Not in Our Stars, and Bugles Sang True Finally she settled on a phrase from a favorite poem “I have forgot much, Cynara! gone with the wind, / Flung roses, roses riotously with the throng.” Published in 1936, Gone With the Wind was 1,037 pages long and sold for three dollars 23 Gone With the Wind was a phenomenal success and received rave reviews Overnight, Mitchell became a celebrity and remained very much in the public spotlight through the production and premiere of the film based on her novel in 1939 She was in constant demand for speaking engagements and interviews Gone With the Wind was Mitchell‟s only published novel At her request, the original manuscript and all other writings were destroyed Possibly one of the reasons that Mitchell never wrote another novel was that she spent so much time working with her brother and her husband to protect the copyright of her book abroad Up until the publication of Gone With the Wind, international copyright laws were ambiguous and varied from country to country Correspondence also took much of her time During the years following publication, she personally answered every letter she received about her book With the outbreak of World War II (1941-45), she worked tirelessly for the American Red Cross, even outfitting a hospital ship She also set up scholarships for black medical students On August 11, 1949, Mitchell and her husband decided to go to a movie, A Canterbury Tale, at the Peachtree Art Theatre Just as they started to cross Peachtree Street, near 13th Street, Mitchell was hit by a speeding taxi She was rushed to Grady Hospital but never regained consciousness During the five days before she died, crowds waited outside for news U.S president Harry Truman, Georgia governor Herman Talmadge, and Atlanta mayor William B Hartsfield all asked to be kept informed of her condition Special phone lines were installed at Grady Hospital, and friends manned the lines in four-hour shifts Mitchell died on August 16, 1949, and was buried in Oakland Cemetery in Atlanta 1.6.2 The novel “Gone with the wind” 24 Scarlett O‟Hara, a pretty Southern belle, lives on Tara, a large plantation in Georgia She concerns herself only with her numerous suitors and her desire to marry Ashley Wilkes One day she hears that Ashley is engaged to Melanie Hamilton, his frail, plain cousin from Atlanta At a barbecue at the Wilkes plantation the next day, Scarlett confesses her feelings to Ashley He tells her that he does love her but that he is marrying Melanie because she is similar to him, whereas he and Scarlett are very different The Civil War begins Charles Hamilton, Melanie‟s timid, dull brother, proposes to Scarlett She spitefully agrees to marry him, hoping to hurt Ashley Over the course of two months, Scarlett and Charles marry, Charles joins the army and dies of the measles, and Scarlett learns that she is pregnant After Scarlett gives birth to a son, Wade, she becomes bored and unhappy She makes a long trip to Atlanta to stay with Melanie and Melanie‟s aunt, Pittypat The busy city agrees with Scarlett‟s temperament, and she begins to see a great deal of Rhett Rhett infuriates Scarlett with his bluntness and mockery, but he also encourages her to flout the severely restrictive social requirements for mourning Southern widows As the war progresses, food and clothing run scarce in Atlanta Scarlett and Melanie fear for Ashley‟s safety After the bloody battle of Gettysburg, Ashley is captured and sent to prison, and the Yankee army begins bearing down on Atlanta Scarlett desperately wants to return home to Tara, but she has promised Ashley she will stay with the pregnant Melanie, who could give birth at any time On the night the Yankees capture Atlanta and set it afire, Melanie gives birth to her son, Beau Rhett helps Scarlett and Melanie escape the Yankees, escorting them through the burning streets of the city, but he abandons them outside Atlanta so he can join the Confederate Army Scarlett drives the cart all night and day 25 through a dangerous forest full of deserters and soldiers, at last reaching Tara She arrives to find that her mother, Ellen, is dead; her father, Gerald, has lost his mind; and the Yankee army has looted the plantation, leaving no food or cotton Scavenging for subsistence, a furious Scarlett vows never to go hungry again Scarlett takes charge of rebuilding Tara She murders a Yankee thief and puts out a fire set by a spiteful Yankee soldier At last the war ends, word comes that Ashley is free and on his way home, and a stream of returning soldiers begins pouring through Tara One such soldier, a one-legged homeless Confederate named Will Benteen, stays on and helps Scarlett with the plantation One day, Will brings terrible news: Jonas Wilkerson, a former employee at Tara and current government official, has raised the taxes on Tara, hoping to drive the O‟Haras out so that he might buy the plantation Distraught, Scarlett hurries to Atlanta to seduce Rhett Butler so that he will give her the three hundred dollars she needs for taxes Rhett has emerged from the war a fabulously wealthy man, dripping with earnings from his blockade-running operation and from food speculation However, Rhett is in a Yankee jail and cannot help Scarlett Scarlett sees her sister‟s beau, Frank Kennedy, who now owns a general store, and forges a plan Determined to save Tara, she betrays her sister and marries Frank, pays the taxes on Tara, and devotes herself to making Frank‟s business more profitable After Rhett blackmails his way out of prison, he lends Scarlett enough money to buy a sawmill To the displeasure of Atlanta society, Scarlett becomes a shrewd businesswoman Gerald dies, and Scarlett returns to Tara for the funeral There, she persuades Ashley and Melanie to move to Atlanta and accept a share in her lumber business Shortly thereafter, Scarlett gives birth to Frank‟s child, Ella Lorena 26 .. . comforting arms of her childhood nurse and slave, Mammy, and to think of a way to win Rhett back 27 1. 7 The translator Duong Tuong and the translation “Cuốn theo chiều gió” 1. 7 .1 The translator Duong. .. particular matter Investigating the translation of these exclamations arises some intriguing issues First of all, it is the variation in the way Duong Tuong treated exclamation Duong Tuong has .. . Translation equivalence? ??…………………………………………? ?.6 1. 2 .1 Jakobson and the concept of equivalence in difference………6 1. 2 .2 Nida and Taber's Formal dynamic equivalence? ??……………7 1. 2 .3 Catford and translation shifts………………………………