A survey on english major first year students vocabulary learning strategies of the school of advanced study

BỘ GIÁO DỤC VÀ ĐÀO TẠO TRƯỜNG ĐẠI HỌC MỞ THÀNH PHỐ HỒ CHÍ MINH ∞0∞ VÕ DƯƠNG BẢO NGỌC A SURVEY ON ENGLISH MAJOR FIRST-YEAR STUDENTS’ VOCABULARY LEARNING STRATEGIES OF THE SCHOOL OF ADVANCED STUDY KHÓA LUẬN TỐT NGHIỆP NGÀNH NGƠN NGỮ ANH TP HỒ CHÍ MINH, NĂM 2020 BỘ GIÁO DỤC VÀ ĐÀO TẠO TRƯỜNG ĐẠI HỌC MỞ THÀNH PHỐ HỒ CHÍ MINH ∞0∞ VÕ DƯƠNG BẢO NGỌC A SURVEY ON ENGLISH MAJOR FIRST-YEAR STUDENTS’ VOCABULARY LEARNING STRATEGIES OF THE SCHOOL OF ADVANCED STUDY Chuyên ngành: Tiếng Anh thương mại Mã số sinh viên: 1657012049 KHÓA LUẬN TỐT NGHIỆP NGÀNH NGÔN NGỮ ANH Giảng viên hướng dẫn: TS LÝ THỊ MỸ HẠNH TP HỒ CHÍ MINH, NĂM 2020 HCMC OPEN UNIVERSITY School Of Advanced Study ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS As my academics and internship experience are successful, I express my deepest appreciation to all those who provided me the chance and steerage First and foremost, there are certainly plausible reasons for my sincere thanks to Ph.D Ly Thi My Hanh, who is my direct instructor, delicately instruct me and helps me a lot with not only useful advice but also clear methods, which successfully helps me in writing the thesis I feel so fortunate to have such a kind instructor like her I would like to express my distinguished appreciation to HCMC Open University as well as the School of Advanced Study have trained me well so I can get the opportunity to this thesis Furthermore, I also owe my gratitude to my 112 SAS EFL first-year students that I conducted this research study for their voluntary and active participation I particularly would like to thank them for allowing me to carry out the study Last but not least, I might prefer to extend my devout thanks to my beloved family, relatives, and friends for their love, care, support, and encouragement, without their presence and emotional support, the writing of this analysis report would are abundant tougher and virtually not possible Thus, I give thanks to all of them i HCMC OPEN UNIVERSITY School Of Advanced Study INSTRUCTOR’S REMARKS ii HCMC OPEN UNIVERSITY School Of Advanced Study LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS HCMC: Ho Chi Minh City VLS: vocabulary-learning strategies EFL: English as a Foreign Language SAS: the School of Advanced Study LLS: language-learning strategies S: Strategies SS: Specific strategies Q: Questions iii HCMC OPEN UNIVERSITY School Of Advanced Study CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS i INSTRUCTOR’S REMARKS ii LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS iii CONTENTS quliiv LIST OF FIGURES vi ABSTRACT CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION 1.1 REASON FOR CHOOSING THE TOPIC 1.2 RATIONALE AND CONTEXT OF THE STUDY 1.3 RESEARCH OBJECTIVES 1.4 METHOD DESIGN 1.5 THE SCOPE 1.6 STRUCTURE OF THE THESIS CHAPTER LITERATURE REVIEW 2.1 DEFINITION OF VOCABULARY LEARNING STRATEGY 2.2 GENERAL VOCABULARY-LEARNING STRATEGIES 2.3 THE TAXONOMY OF VOCABULARY LEARNING STRATEGIES 2.4 THE MOST FREQUENTLY USED VOCABULARY LEARNING STRATEGIES 12 2.5 THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK 13 CHAPTER METHODOLOGY 18 3.1 RESEARCH SETTING 18 3.2 RESEARCH PARTICIPANTS 18 3.3 RESEARCH DESIGN 19 3.4 METHODS OF DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS 20 3.4.1 Research Ethics 20 iv HCMC OPEN UNIVERSITY School Of Advanced Study 3.4.2 Quantitative research method 20 3.4.3 Qualitative research method 22 CHAPTER FINDINGS AND DISCUSSIONS 24 4.1 FINDINGS 24 4.2 DISCUSSION 27 CHAPTER IMPLICATIONS AND CONCLUSION 30 5.1 RESEARCH IMPLICATIONS 30 5.2 CONCLUSION 30 REFERENCES 31 v HCMC OPEN UNIVERSITY School Of Advanced Study LIST OF FIGURES Chart 1.1 Structure of the thesis Chart 2.1 Three important areas of the vocabulary learning strategies Chart 2.2 Factors involves the general vocabulary learning strategies Chart 2.3 The taxonomy of vocabulary learning strategies - metacognitive strategies Chart 2.4 The taxonomy of vocabulary learning strategies - cognitive strategies Chart 2.5 The taxonomy of vocabulary learning strategies - social strategies Chart 2.6 Theoretical framework Table 2.7 Description of the categories of vocabulary learning strategies Table 2.8 Meta-cognitive strategies classifications Table 2.9 Cognitive strategies classifications Table 2.10 Social mediation classifications Table 3.1 Description of participants Table 3.2 The questionnaires Table 4.1 Reliability statistics Table 4.2 Descriptive statistics for each vocabulary learning strategies Table 4.3 Top of the most frequently used vocabulary learning strategies Table 4.4 Top of the least frequently used vocabulary learning strategies vi HCMC OPEN UNIVERSITY School Of Advanced Study ABSTRACT Learning English plays an important role, however, to find out English well, learning vocabulary is that the most foundation The lot of words we all know, the higher we tend to perceive what we tend to browse and hear Our vocabulary data conjointly reflects, however, well we are able to categorical ourselves in speaking and writing Attributable to the importance of vocabulary to the four-macro skills additionally on our study and life, abundant attention has been paid and lots of studies are conducted to analyze effective vocabulary learning ways However, not abundant analysis into the effective vocabulary learning ways has been disbursed within the Vietnamese contexts, notably in an exceedingly English as a Foreign Language of the School of Advanced Study of Ho Chi Minh City Open University setting For several reasons, vocabulary-learning ways used by English as a Foreign Language of the School of Advanced Study students have not been applied equally and effectively Due to the fact that first-year is the suitable and beginning time for university student to adopt the new environment for learning, the target of this study is to investigate the current situation of using these strategies to broaden vocabulary and develop language skills of English major first- year students Therefore, this research with the quantitative method-questionnaires was initiated so as to analyze the vocabulary learning strategies used by English as a Foreign Language of the School of Advanced Study first-year students, this aim to identify what are the most and the least vocabulary learning strategies often used by them severally so as to know that whether they are using vocabulary learning strategies or not Besides, in this study, quality method- semi-structured interviews were carried out by eight students who done the questionnaires as a way of information assortment to know their attitudes and belief in dealing with vocabulary learning strategies Some discussion are given by author to the issues and suggestions to enhance the method of learning vocabulary used by English as a Foreign Language of the School of Advanced Study first-year students were then bestowed, followed by implications for any analysis into effective vocabulary learning ways within the the School of Advanced Study context Keywords: learning strategies; vocabulary learning strategies; the current situation HCMC OPEN UNIVERSITY School Of Advanced Study CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION This small-scale case study is initiated to investigate the vocabulary learning strategies used by SAS students This introductory chapter can initially present the principle and context of the study, then the aim of this study is to highlight the research objectives, the method design, and the scope followed by a short description of the structural organization of the whole paper 1.1 REASON FOR CHOOSING THE TOPIC Lao Tzu suggests the tough things whereas they are simple and the good things whereas they are little and one journey of one thousand miles begins with one-step If learning English might be a home building, then vocabulary learning is that the inspiration of the house Without grammar, very little information but without vocabulary, no information is transmitted (Wilkin) This statement is parallel to what Wallace (1982:9) comments that it is feasible to own good knowledge of however the system of language works and yet powerless to speak in it; whereas if we all know the vocabulary we want, it is sometimes doable to speak well This conjointly shows the highest importance of vocabulary in learning a language At the same time, to understand the language, many students often believe that it is vocabulary, not grammar that prevents them from reading, listening, speaking, writing as well as exchanging information with others in a foreign language They think that vocabulary contains the information they need to understand and represent it Although it is a small cell, it is a key factor forming the language skills of learners With a variety of vocabulary, students will develop their communication skills, essay writing as well as speech Moreover, thanks to the vocabulary, learners can understand other people's ideas as well as clearly and concisely express their thoughts Traditionally, if we want to expand our vocabulary, we often memorize it or write it down on paper many times to make it easier to remember Nevertheless, on a higher level, mastering a language requires learners to master the combination of words and meanings depending on the context Many researchers like Prichard (2008); Oxford (2002); Cohen (2007) have found out that in foreign language learning, vocabulary learning strategies such as specific actions, behaviors or techniques students use to improve their progress in comprehending and producing L2, play a very important role, and can make learning easier, faster, more fun, independent, and efficient There may some goals that students have to adopt new learning environment and repair for more deeply knowledge, specific here is the movement to University First-year is the time that reasonable for students to get awareness about the way they choose for themselves; learning ways are one of those So English as a Foreign Language of the School of Advanced Study first-year students get enough HCMC OPEN UNIVERSITY School Of Advanced Study APPENDIX Interview Protocol for Students How long have you been studying English? Can you tell me your techniques or strategies that you use to learn vocabulary? Among the techniques you mentioned, what you think are the most important techniques to learn English vocabulary more effectively? Why you think so? How can you train yourself to learn and improve your vocabulary effectively? Can you give some examples? What are your recommendations to help students learning English at your level to learn vocabulary effectively? What you think your lecturer or other lecturers should to help improve their students’ vocabulary more effectively? A sample of students’ interview script (Student N) Interview Script with student (advanced level) I = interviewer N = student studying at advanced level I: Good afternoon First of all, let’s me introduce you to my research study This research study is a small scale research study which aims at investigating problems of SAS EFL first-year students in learning vocabulary And this study is done to fulfill the requirement of the graduation thesis at the SAS Commercial English major This study is hoped to raise students’ awareness of the importance of vocabulary learning strategies, and it may help students to select learning strategies which may be effective for them There are about seven questions in this interview, and it will last around 15 minutes And I’d like to assure you that the information that you will provide to me will be kept confidential and your identity will not be revealed and it will be anonymous Thank you So let’s go straight to the questions Question number one, how long have you been studying English? N: Hmm I’ve been studying English for 11 years I: OK So during your study, can you tell me your strategies or techniques that you use to learn English vocabulary? 36 HCMC OPEN UNIVERSITY School Of Advanced Study N: My own techniques or strategies that I study vocabulary err first of all I a flash card I mean I may look at one side the word and another side the meaning And another one I the word list or practice in the workbook, in the workbook which is provides me many practice I: So besides using flash card and using notebooks, so you have any other strategies that you use to learn English vocabulary? N: There are many ways that we can learn vocabulary err such we try to err remember for example we have err one partner that we practice together, one say the word and another one say the meaning (not clear) so I try to write as much as possible, try to use it as often as I can And also hmm try to write on a whiteboard such 15 or 20 times I: So you have any other strategies besides what you have mentioned? N: Another strategy I think besides there are many but I don’t use it I: OK So among the techniques that you have mentioned, what you which techniques err are more important for you that you think will help you learn vocabulary more effectively? N: In my opinion I think err asking my brother to call the definition or call the word and I say the definition of the word and another one which is err a flash card because err I no need a person to help me and I can study by myself I can read it, I can see the word and then I can say out the definition and then I can correct it by myself by looking at another side of the flash card I: So how can you train yourself to learn and improve your vocabulary effectively? Can you give your example? N: I train myself? Train myself, just I think say out loud and try to remember it err pronounce it, pronounce it correctly and for example such when I stay alone or in my bedroom I always err remem I mean I use my flash card, say out loud and sometimes I remember the definition, the right word when we use it Something like that, the way that I train myself I: So you think it’s useful for you? N: Sure, because I like that way I: So what are your recommendations or suggestions for students who want to improve their vocabulary? N: Err I think every student has their own techniques to study vocabulary and study effectively, but the main thing try to figure out by themselves because err different person has different techniques, so you have to figure out by yourself what techniques, what strategy that is err have effective err to themselves So have to think about by yourself and err practice it when you think that it is every effective to yourself For my own I the flash card and ask my brother to call the words or the definitions It is my effective way, so there is no specific techniques that 37 HCMC OPEN UNIVERSITY School Of Advanced Study make students study effectively, but you yourself can find your own techniques, but no techniques for everyone I mean specific that study effectively I: So you mean different students use different techniques, but some techniques that are useful for you, may not be useful for others? N: Yeah I: Anything else for the suggestions for students? N: Suggestions for students? Hmm still the same as I use hmm I mean use it as often as possible, and try to, try not to use the old words that you used to use I mean use the words that we use, we just study instead of the old words Yeah like that because when we use it, we can remember it, we can pronounce it and moreover the listeners can err study a new word from you I: Yes, very nice So let’s go to the last question As a student, what you think your teacher, your classroom lecturer or other lecturers should in order to help students to earn their vocabulary effectively? N: One thing that I really satisfied with my teacher that my lecturer provides me the word list in I mean vocabulary in context, and teacher just give the word list and the next session, he always ask the word that he provide last session So if we just give the wordlist, it is not really err make any sense to students because students just keep the handout in the folder very nicely and then never touch it and to look at it But my lecturer always err after that session always ask the definitions or always ask the word in the list Something like that and if you have, if you cannot remember What means that no class participation because it’s some kind of class activity And no class participation mark added So that everyone try to remember it so that’s why I like it I: Anything else for lecturers that you think they should in order to help students learn their vocabulary more effectively? N: Ohh give a lot of quiz related to the vocabulary because when everyone heard quiz they will try to take all the handouts and they look at err try to remember all the list At least they, if they have no time, I’m sure that they still look at it a little bit They try to review hmm if they think that ohh no quiz because students, students some kind of like pressure If they don’t have pressure, they won’t it I: Yeah, your final thought about the effective vocabulary learning strategies that you wanna share something The last word M: The last word? Hmm it’s just still the same techniques, has no specific techniques to all students, to every student But you yourself try to figure out the main techniques or the effective techniques to yourself Which one you think it is very effective? 38 HCMC OPEN UNIVERSITY I: Yes, thank you so much for your time and participation N: You’re welcome I: Yes, thank you School Of Advanced Study Interview summary Can you tell me your techniques or strategies that you use to learn vocabulary? Student 1: My own techniques or strategies that I study vocabulary err first of all I a flash card There are many ways that we can learn vocabulary such as we try to remember For example we have one partner that we practice together, one say the word and another one say the meaning so I try to write as much as possible, try to use it as often as I can and also try to write such 15 or 20 times Student 2: I just learn vocabulary naturally without paying much attention to them, because sometimes I don't put the importance of learning words above and sometimes I feeling quite lacking in knowledge due to this subjectivity of mine Student 3: I see the strategy of learning words is not so necessary because it is the natural reception of each person Student 4: I often learn words by looking at them a lot of times, most of which I will see through repetition of the same topic readings Then I will transcribe it in a notebook with notes Student 5: I don't have any specific strategy yet For the most part, I only look up dictionaries or ask friends Student 6: When it comes to strategy, the things I apply to, I'm not sure if it's a strategy or not I often note the meaning of the word in the text I'm using and flip it over and over again Student 7: I often study with friends, we ask each other vocabulary and create motivation together Student 8: I prepare my lessons before class and read them many times I then wrote them with some good words to apply the context of use Among the techniques you mentioned, what you think are the most important techniques to learn English vocabulary more effectively? Why you think so? How can you train yourself to learn and improve your vocabulary effectively? Can you give some examples? Student 1: In my opinion I think err asking my brother to call the definition or call the word and I say the definition of the word and another one which is err a flash card because err I no need a 39 HCMC OPEN UNIVERSITY School Of Advanced Study person to help me and I can study by myself I can read it, I can see the word and then I can say out the definition and then I can correct it by myself by looking at another side of the flash card Student 2: I think there are many good and intensive methods and when applied, students can learn more than just vocabulary but we not know enough about them Student 3: Myself, I suggest each individual should invest more time to learn about learning strategies to raise awareness about usage and to make more choices Student 4: They are of course important because if I say it is not important then maybe I am not aware enough of its importance Student 5: I think the most important thing about them is their awareness and understanding so that they can be applied correctly and effectively What are your recommendations to help students learning English at your level to learn vocabulary effectively? Student 1: The main thing try to figure out by themselves because different person has different techniques So have to think about by yourself and practice it when you think that it is every effective to yourself Student 2: I thought that students should have a plan for learning in general and vocabulary in particular, but I only learned in a sketchy way and did not invest time in planning Student 3: I see that when there is a vocabulary learning strategy, I will put myself into a more framework and try myself according to what the method has been available to try to see whether I can learn better or not, and thereby help to compare the effect of learning words Student 4: Students should be more concerned about the purpose of their language learning and thus recognize the importance of vocabulary learning to find effective vocabulary learning strategies Student 5: As I think, students should find more materials to gain enough knowledge about wordlearning strategies to try out which strategies are most effective for them, thereby contributing to improving the effectiveness of learning foreign languages Student 6: For me, the best advice here is that everyone should spend more time learning and being aware of its positive impact on the overall effect of receiving foreign languages, and of course learning vocabulary The strategy will be better than learning spontaneously What you think your lecturer or other lecturers should to help improve their students’ vocabulary more effectively? Student 1: One thing that I really satisfied with my teacher that my lecturer provides me the word list in 40 HCMC OPEN UNIVERSITY School Of Advanced Study Student 2: In my perspective, our school and lecturers should also broaden the knowledge and definitions of learning strategies in general and vocabulary learning strategies, in particular, to help EFL students to have a better learning foundation, because students sometimes find it difficult to understand and properly apply them Student 3: I don't really have much to offer in this regard because every teacher will have his or her own way of teaching at times Student 4: I think teachers need to provide and introduce word learning methods before we start with language learning if this is the beginning SPSS data q1 q2 q3 q4 q5 q6 q7 q8 q9 q10 q11 3 4 3 3 3 3 2 2 1 3 4 4 4 2 2 2 3 1 3 2 3 2 2 3 3 4 3 3 3 4 4 3 3 3 3 2 2 2 4 4 4 4 3 2 2 3 3 1 3 3 4 3 3 3 3 4 2 2 2 3 4 4 2 2 3 3 2 3 3 3 3 3 41 HCMC OPEN UNIVERSITY School Of Advanced Study 3 2 2 4 4 4 3 3 2 2 4 3 3 3 3 2 2 2 4 4 4 3 3 2 2 2 3 1 3 3 2 2 2 3 4 3 3 3 4 3 3 3 3 2 2 2 4 4 4 4 2 2 2 3 1 3 3 2 3 2 3 4 3 3 3 4 3 3 3 3 2 2 2 4 4 3 3 3 3 4 2 2 2 3 4 4 4 3 2 2 2 3 1 3 3 2 2 2 3 4 3 3 4 3 3 3 3 2 2 42 HCMC OPEN UNIVERSITY School Of Advanced Study 3 4 4 4 2 2 2 3 1 3 2 3 2 2 3 3 3 3 3 4 4 3 3 3 3 4 2 2 2 4 4 4 4 2 2 3 3 1 3 3 4 3 3 3 3 4 2 2 2 3 4 4 4 2 2 2 3 3 2 3 2 3 3 3 3 3 3 2 2 2 4 4 4 3 3 2 2 4 3 3 3 3 2 2 2 4 4 4 3 3 2 2 2 3 3 3 2 2 2 3 4 4 3 3 4 3 3 43 HCMC OPEN UNIVERSITY School Of Advanced Study 3 3 2 2 4 4 4 4 3 2 2 2 3 1 3 3 2 3 2 3 4 3 3 3 4 3 3 3 4 2 2 4 4 3 3 3 4 3 2 2 3 4 4 4 3 2 2 2 3 1 3 3 2 2 2 3 4 3 3 3 4 3 3 3 3 2 2 1 3 4 4 4 2 2 2 3 3 3 2 3 2 2 3 3 4 3 3 4 4 3 3 3 3 3 2 2 4 4 4 4 3 2 2 3 3 1 3 3 4 3 3 3 44 HCMC OPEN UNIVERSITY School Of Advanced Study 3 4 2 2 2 3 4 4 4 2 2 2 3 3 3 2 3 2 3 3 3 3 3 2 2 2 4 4 3 3 2 2 q12 q13 q14 q15 q16 q17 q18 q19 q20 q21 q22 4 2 4 2 1 3 3 4 3 3 3 4 3 4 3 3 3 3 4 4 3 3 4 2 4 2 4 1 2 4 3 4 3 3 3 3 3 4 3 2 4 2 4 1 3 3 3 4 3 3 3 3 3 4 45 HCMC OPEN UNIVERSITY School Of Advanced Study 3 4 3 3 4 2 4 2 1 3 3 3 4 3 3 3 4 4 2 4 2 4 1 2 3 3 4 5 3 3 3 3 4 3 3 3 3 4 4 3 3 3 2 2 4 1 2 4 3 3 3 4 3 3 3 3 4 3 3 3 3 4 4 3 3 2 3 2 4 1 2 3 4 2 3 2 4 1 2 3 3 3 4 3 3 3 4 4 3 4 3 3 3 3 4 4 3 46 HCMC OPEN UNIVERSITY School Of Advanced Study 4 2 4 2 1 3 3 4 3 3 3 4 3 4 3 3 3 3 4 4 3 3 4 2 4 2 4 1 2 4 3 4 3 3 3 3 3 4 3 2 4 2 4 1 3 3 3 4 3 3 3 3 3 4 3 3 4 3 3 4 2 4 2 1 3 3 3 4 3 3 3 4 4 2 4 2 4 1 2 3 3 4 5 3 3 3 3 4 3 3 3 47 HCMC OPEN UNIVERSITY School Of Advanced Study 4 4 3 3 3 2 2 4 1 2 4 3 3 3 4 3 3 3 3 4 3 3 3 3 4 4 3 3 2 3 2 4 1 2 3 4 2 3 2 4 1 2 3 3 3 4 3 3 3 4 4 3 4 3 3 3 3 4 4 3 3 4 2 4 2 1 3 3 4 3 3 3 4 3 4 3 3 3 3 4 4 3 3 4 2 4 2 4 1 2 4 3 4 3 3 3 48 HCMC OPEN UNIVERSITY School Of Advanced Study 3 3 4 3 2 4 2 4 1 3 3 3 4 3 3 3 3 3 4 3 3 4 3 3 4 2 4 2 1 3 3 3 4 3 3 3 The frequently used strategies adopted by SAS EFL first-year the students Rank Description Item Category Mean SD Paying attention to frequently appearing words Meta-cog 3.86 0.815 Remembering words by cooperating with others 21 Social 3.78 0.459 Guessing word meaning by its components 15 Cognitive 3.76 0.797 Reviewing words regularly Meta-cog 3.33 0.663 Self-checking words regularly Meta-cog 3.29 0.624 Remembering a word with a keyword 19 Cognitive 3.25 0.844 Paying more attention to key words Meta-cog 3.21 0.576 Memorizing words with mother tongue 14 Cognitive 3.21 0.788 Memorizing words in context 13 Cognitive 3.15 0.762 49 HCMC OPEN UNIVERSITY School Of Advanced Study 10 Memorizing collocations 12 Cognitive 2.90 0.502 11 Stimulating yourself 22 Social 2.89 0.649 12 Reciting word-lists Cognitive 2.82 0.687 13 Extensive reading after class to enlarge vocabulary 18 Cognitive 2.56 0.641 14 Remembering words by writing repeatedly Cognitive 2.55 0.948 15 Ascertain various meanings of a word 10 Cognitive 2.53 0.890 16 Word practice 11 Cognitive 2.52 0.629 17 Guessing on the basis of syntactic relations 16 Cognitive 2.49 0.910 18 Summarizing the errors Cognitive 2.45 0.919 19 Remembering words by reading Meta-Cog 2.44 0.918 20 Planning a schedule Meta-Cog 2.28 0.725 21 Association by means of pronunciation, shape and meaning 17 Cognitive 2.14 0.899 22 Remembering a word by deduction 20 Cognitive 1.96 0.924 50 ... vocabulary learning strategies? Do they apply any vocabulary learning strategies, and what are the strategies of English as a Foreign Language of the School of Advanced Study first- year students applied?... specific they are definition of vocabulary learning strategy, general vocabulary- learning strategies, the taxonomy of vocabulary learning strategies, the most frequently used vocabulary learning strategies, ... first- year students adopt in vocabulary learning? What are English as a Foreign Language of the School of Advanced Study firstyear students’ most common vocabulary learning strategies? What are English